F-K分析在和田台阵监测能力评估中的应用

利用F—K分析处理地震台阵数据,进行地震波场分析,按频率分量、速度矢量来分解几乎同时到达台阵的信号,识别来自不同方位角和不同慢度的波,有助于地震波类型鉴别研究。主要讨论了F-K分析具体实现的方法和如何应用于新疆和田台阵监测能力的评估中。     

上海地震台阵的F-K分析

频率－波数（F－K）谱分析是地震台阵数据处理基本方法之一。采用该分析方法，可以从地脉动背景中提取有用的地震信号，提高地震的定位精度。本文列举了F－K功率谱的不同计算方法，并将该方法应用于上海地震台阵所记录的地震事件。对地震和地脉动的F－K分析结果得出，地震的方位角和慢度值分别对记录长度的分布呈线性特征，而地脉动的方位角和慢度值则呈不规则分布。     

上海地震台阵观测系统的建立

介绍了上海地震台阵观测系统，该观测系统是由地震台阵、佘山数据中心、上海信息中心等部分组成，对各部分的功能及设备系统结构作了较为翔实的分析，并简要描述了台阵数据处理软件系统。上海地震台阵投入并网运行后表明，从根本上改善了地震波形、特别是远震波形的记录，并从总体下提出了上海地震台网的地震综合监测能力。     

上海地震台阵数据处理及其在地震研究中的进展

地震台阵是在与所观测地震波波长相当的孔径范围内有规则排列安装若干地震计的地震观测系统,它采用独特的地震数据处理方法,将各子台的数据会聚在一起,抑制地面噪声,提高信噪比并获取有关震源及地球内部结构的信息,从而获得比单个地震台更强的地震监测能力,特别是提取微弱地震信号的能力.同时,由于地下介质普遍为各向异性的,利用地震台阵可以研究地球内部介质的各向异性并为地球动力学提供有效的数据质量保证.目前地震台阵已成为全球地震监测网的重要部分,是一种先进的地震观测技术.应用地震台阵可监测较远处的微震事件,因而有利于对那些不宜于正当地架设台站的地区进行地震监测,特别是近海海域地区的地震监测.     

F检测算法及其在识别地震地表反射波震相中的初步应用

地震P波波列中地表反射波pP或sP震相的准确识别,对地震震源深度的精确测定具有重要作用.基于新疆和田地震台阵部分地震记录数据,利用F检测算法对震中距分别为22.1°,6.44°和39.62°的3次地震事件进行了地表反射波pP或sP震相检测.结果表明,应用F检测分析新疆和田小孔径地震台阵数据,可以帮助分析人员识别地震的地...     

上海佘山地震台阵远震记录的压缩感知分析

将压缩感知方法应用于上海佘山地震台阵远震定位,对于该台阵记录的M_S 5.5以上全球地震事件,根据震级大小、地震波走时、事件分布,筛选得到45个远震事件记录,采用分析压缩感知及传统方法,计算最优反方位角和慢度值,发现压缩感知方法在地震台阵的远震定位中表现良好;对于震相较为复杂的地震,在求取能量最大及超过最大能量95%以上的点,得到最终源信号,也就是震源位置,压缩感知方法具有更高的分辨率。     

上海地震台阵数据处理及其在地震研究中的进展

本文简单介绍了地震台阵的概念、意义、上海地震台阵的布局和波数响应图以及信噪比分析,重点阐述了上海地震台阵的数据处理方法及应用,同时总结了上海地震台阵两年运行期间,在地震学研究上取得的主要成果及其未来研究趋势．     

地震台阵及其数据处理方法

介绍了地震台阵的基础知识和地震台阵的发展状况，同时阐述了地震台阵数据处理方法及国内外研究概况。     

创建地球深部的虚拟地震计

通过分析地震波的传播记录不仅可以描述地震的特征,还可以得到地球的内部影像。然而,全球固定地震台阵多分布于陆地,深海中很少。这就限制了地下图像的分辨率,并使得具有重要地质和构造意义地区（如大洋中脊、青藏高原等）的实地测量资料相对较少。     

地震台阵监测能力综述

根据各大网站地震目录和前人研究成果,分析全球地震台网与地震台阵、我国区域台网与地震台阵的监测能力,阐述了地震台阵与密集台网/台阵的区别。研究表明,对同一地区所检测的地震数,地震台阵是地震台网的3-10倍,而震级下限可降低1.2-2级。一般情况下,以微弱信号检测为目的的地震台阵监测能力均优于以结构研究为目的的密集台网/台阵,2种台阵是目的、性质、孔径、形状、台间距、技术手段、研究方法均不同的监测系统。     

徕远广场结构设计地震波的确定

选择合适的人造地震动时程是高层建筑采用时程分析法计算地震作用的基础。介绍了徕远广场结构设计地震波的确定方法及过程。鉴于各条地震波输入进行时程分析的结果的离散性,提出可以采用场地土层反应分析得到的地表加速度时程及按照《高层技术规程》设计规准谱拟合人造波作为结构设计地震波。     

地震勘探中相控阵震源的方向特性研究

电磁驱动式可控震源在城市浅层地震勘探中所面临的最突出的困难是微弱的反射信号常常淹没在很强的背景噪声之中.为了提高地震记录的信噪比,可以利用多台可控震源阵列实施相位控制形成定向地震波束以增强地震波的能量.本文讨论这种相控阵震源的波束形成机制.引入了地震波场的边际能量密度的概念,利用地震波场的时间切片技术,对模型空间各个方向上的能量强度进行了定量分析.用有限差分法对相控阵震源Chirp信号扫描的地震响应进行了数值模拟.当定向地震波束的汇聚带与观测排列的空间范围相一致时,相控阵震源合成地震记录的能量强度要显著高于单个可控震源情形的能量强度,波形振幅的均匀性要明显优于常规组合激发震源情形波形振幅的均匀性.     

Analysis of the spatial variation of seismic waves and ground movements from smart-1 array data

Specially designed arrays of strong motion seismographs located near earthquake sources are required for engineering studies of the near-source properties and the spatial variation of seismic waves. The SMART-1 array in Taiwan provides good records for this type of study. Careful study of the observed strong motion data permits the identification of wave types, directions and apparent wave velocities. In this paper, a principal direction ratio R (f,α) is defined; this indicates the principal direction of the motion (along a nearly straight line) within the range 0 < R < 1. Vertical motion of the ground is also included in this study. Orbit spectrum analysis is used to verify the identification of wave directions and wave types. The spatial variation of seismic waves along the principal direction is studied. From frequency-domain analysis, mathematical models of the spatial variation of ground displacement are developed using a wave-number spectrum and the cross-spectral density function between two spatial coordinates; these models in turn can provide two alternative models for the random vibration analysis of extensive structures subject to multiple point seismic excitation. The SMART-1 array data gathered during the January 29, 1981 earthquake also are used to demonstrate calculation of the ground strains and differential movements of the array site. From time-domain analysis, the spatial variation of seismic waves is defined for ground motion along the identified principal direction. The time variation of evolutionary spectra characterized by frequency-dependent parameters is used for this formulation. The SMART-1 array data again form the basis for discussion of the spatial variation of model parameters.     

地震波面波空间相干性规律研究

In this paper, seismic records of Taiwan LSST array and SMART-1 array were selected to calculate the S-wave and surface wave coherence coefficients at different station distances. And then the coherence function model proposed by Loh was used to fit the calculation results. After comparison and analysis, we found that when the distance d < 50 m, the coherency coefficients of surface wave and S-waves are basically the same; when the distance d = 50 m , the coherency coefficients of surface wave is smaller than that of S-wave, and as the distance increases, the differences gradually increase. When the distance d > 500 m, the spatial coherency of the surface wave hardly exists, so no further consideration is needed. Finally, the surface wave coherency model parameters were given in this paper, which can be used as a reference for the synthetic ground motion field in the seismic analysis for long and large structures in large basins.     

Characteristics of Seismic Wave Propagation in the Binchuan Region of Yunnan Using a Dense Seismic Array and Large Volume Airgun Shots

The Binchuan region of Yunnan is a structurally complex region with mountains, basins, and active faults. In this situation,seismic wave propagation exhibits complex characteristics due to strong heterogeneity of underground media instead of following the great-circle path. In order to obtain a high-resolution shallow crustal structure, a dense seismic array was deployed during March 21 to May 30, 2017 in this area. To better understand the complexities of seismic wave propagation in this region, we perform array-based frequency-domain beamforming analysis and single-station based polarization analysis to investigate the characteristics of seismic wave propagation, using airgun-generated P-wave signals recorded by dense array stations in this experiment. The results from these two methods both reveal similar but complex characteristics of seismic wave propagation in the Binchuan basin. The azimuth anomalies off the great-circle path are quite large with values up to 30°, which is caused by strong structural heterogeneity in the very shallow crust. Our research provide a better understanding of the complex geologic structures in this area and provide guidance for detecting concealed faults and distribution of velocity anomalies.     

Spatial variation and stochastic modelling of seismic differential ground movement

Specially designed arrays of strong motion seismographs located near earthquake sources are required for engineering studies of near-source earthquake properties as well as spatial variation of seismic waves. The SMART-1 array in Tath provides good records for this type of study. Based on the SMART-1 array data, the analysis of the principal direction wave propagation and the space-time correlation of some events recorded by SMART-1 have been studied. A stoce model for predicting the differential ground movement was also developed. This stochastic model includes the effect of source characteristics, attenuation of wave passage and spatial correlation characteristics. The performance of this more discussed and compared with the ground movement recorded by the SMART-1 array. From the present study, it is that spatial correlations do exist as seismic waves propagate across the array site. Generally, the loss of coherence is direction of propagation can be explained by energy at the same frequency exhibiting a slightly different velocity with the measurement intervals. It is also concluded that the phase velocity of seismic waves and the corner frequency of the grep displacement spectrum are controlling factors in the prediction of the root mean square of differential grep displacement.     

Identification of Local Seismic Events Using the Mikhnevo Seismic Array

A large number of events with sources in the immediate vicinity of an array are usually detected during seismological observations with seismic arrays. These events should be detected and correctly interpreted during processing of seismic array records in order to avoid clogging up the event catalog. This problem can be solved by classifying records of local events by genetic features and creating a databank with the most representative samples. The present paper considers local events recorded using a unique scientific setup, the Mikhnevo small aperture seismic array. Epicenters of local seismic events are located less than 5 km from the center of the array. Seismic responses of acoustic shock waves are also examined. Seismic events caused by anthropogenic sources are identified and classified using cluster, cross-correlation, and wavelet analysis. Events accompanied only by the arrival of surface waves, as well as events represented by body, surface, and acoustic waves, are identified. Shock wave events are classified as a separate category. A small group of supposedly natural weak events is also found. As a result, a databank of waveforms of local seismic events for the Mikhnevo seismic array is established. In the future, this will make it possible to automate their identification when investigating the seismicity of the East European Platform.     

利用近场加速度记录确定近震震源参数的研究

本文对利用强震近场加速度记录确定时,空、强三个完整的震源参数。文中给出一种利用计算机自动识别地震记录的Ｐ波初动到时和Ｓ波震相到的算法。根据新近发表的Ｗｏｏｄ－Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ地震仪器的最新参数,修牍正唐山地区量规函数。利用唐 山数字震观测台阵得到的近场加速度数据,计算了１０次地震的震源位置和震级,并对定位误差进行了综合分析,将强震台网测定的震源参数与地震台     

起伏地表组合震源地震波场定向方法

多个震源组合激发通过改变激发延时,可以得到沿某方向传播的地震波场,即定向地震波场激发技术,它可用于特定目标体的照明与探测之中.本文以水平地表的组合震源定向激发原理为基础,推导了倾斜地表情况下的组合震源定向激发公式,并计算绘制了其理论方向图.另外本文将组合震源波场定向方法推广至任意起伏地表,根据惠更斯菲涅尔原理,提出了旋转坐标方法,即将水平坐标旋转至定向波场传播方向法向的倾斜坐标,可方便地计算震源传播至定向波场波前面的走时,作为组合震源的激发延时.根据本文提出的方法,我们分别计算了倾斜地表条件与复杂地表条件定向地震波场的组合震源延时参数,通过波动方程数值模拟技术得到的波场快照验证了本文方法的有效性.