采空侧巷道底鼓形成机制与防治技术研究

煤矿深部采空侧巷道底鼓现象日趋普遍和严重,严重影响巷道的运输和正常使用,其底鼓防治技术研究已成为目前煤矿岩石力学问题研究的重点。通过理论分析、数值模拟、现场试验等研究方法,对采空侧巷道底鼓的特征、形成原因、形成机制及其防治技术进行了详细研究,得到以下结论：（1）采空侧巷道底鼓与底板岩性和底板岩层的应力重新分布有关;（2）底板在严重挤压变形的情况下发生断裂,底板隆起,墙角发生外移是造成底鼓的主要原因;（3）底鼓始于巷道底角与底板中部;（4）采用中空锚杆注浆与高强锚杆锚注联合支护技术能有效治理采空侧巷道的底鼓     

深部高应力软岩巷道耦合支护效应研究及应用

巷道要经历开挖前稳定、开挖扰动、支护稳定或再破坏的演化过程,巷道稳定状态受原岩应力场-开挖扰动应力场-支护应力场相互作用的影响。采用FLAC~(3D)分析了不同预紧力与间排距条件下锚杆、锚索产生的围岩支护应力场的分布特征,定义了围岩应力扩大系数k来表征围岩应力的扩散效果,揭示了锚杆、锚索预紧力耦合支护效应。针对朱集西矿深部巷道特征与地质条件,提出了锚网索喷+U型钢支架+注浆+底板锚注分步联合支护技术方案,开展了三维相似材料模型试验,验证了该支护技术方案的合理性与可行性,揭示了深部高应力软岩巷道围岩变形破坏与支护结构受力演化规律,并成功应用于工程实践,解决了深部高应力软岩巷道支护难题。监测结果表明,该联合支护方案有效地控制了深部高应力软岩巷道围岩大变形与底臌,保证了巷道围岩与支护结构的长期稳定及安全。     

深部高应力软岩巷道耦合支护效应研究及应用EI北大核心CSCD

巷道要经历开挖前稳定、开挖扰动、支护稳定或再破坏的演化过程,巷道稳定状态受原岩应力场-开挖扰动应力场-支护应力场相互作用的影响。采用FLAC^(3D)分析了不同预紧力与间排距条件下锚杆、锚索产生的围岩支护应力场的分布特征,定义了围岩应力扩大系数k来表征围岩应力的扩散效果,揭示了锚杆、锚索预紧力耦合支护效应。针对朱集西矿深部巷道特征与地质条件,提出了锚网索喷+U型钢支架+注浆+底板锚注分步联合支护技术方案,开展了三维相似材料模型试验,验证了该支护技术方案的合理性与可行性,揭示了深部高应力软岩巷道围岩变形破坏与支护结构受力演化规律,并成功应用于工程实践,解决了深部高应力软岩巷道支护难题。监测结果表明,该联合支护方案有效地控制了深部高应力软岩巷道围岩大变形与底臌,保证了巷道围岩与支护结构的长期稳定及安全。     

巷道支护的自稳平衡圈理论

基于软岩巷道围岩变形破坏的自稳平衡现象,通过数值模拟揭示了巷道顶板、两帮和底板之间的相互影响关系,得出了巷道围岩不稳定区是以巷道为中心的椭圆形。基于普氏理论,考虑“底板-两帮-顶板”相互影响,提出了巷道围岩自稳平衡圈理论,给出了自稳平衡圈的椭圆曲线方程,明确了巷道支护对象为自稳平衡圈内的岩体,支护的目的是控制自稳平衡圈岩体的稳定性。研究表明,“底板-两帮-顶板”共同构成巷道稳定性的整体系统,巷道顶板自稳平衡拱的大小随着两帮塑性区的增大而增大,两帮塑性区随底板变形而增大。加强底板和两帮的支护,将大大缩小顶板自稳平衡拱的高度。提出了“治顶先治帮,治帮先治底”的巷道支护理念,得到多年实践验证,为软岩巷道支护控制提供了新的依据。     

高地应力破碎软岩巷道底臌特性及综合控制对策研究

高地应力破碎软岩巷道底臌问题,由于其地质条件的复杂性,是煤矿开采的技术难题之一。通过总结分析高地应力破碎软岩巷道底臌的变形破坏特性,研究了底臌治理对策。研究结果表明,底板围岩呈现出挤压剪切流变特性,在支护对策上应将支护体系视为完整体系,在加强修复固结、应力转移和扩大承载圈的同时强调调动帮、顶部的间接控制作用。提出了以底板超挖、高强度预应力锚索、深孔注浆、底脚、拱角锚杆和回填为技术支撑的综合治理对策,通过FLAC3D建立的三维数值分析模型,分析了在综合治理对策下围岩位移场及塑性区的变化,验证了该方法的有效性。将综合治理对策应用到淮南潘二煤矿东二采区主要大巷,取得了良好的支护效果。     

软岩巷道顶、帮、底全支全让O型控制力学模型及工程实践

软弱岩体的阶段性、持续性流变,导致软岩巷道围岩深度破坏和支护失效。软岩巷道顶、帮、底三者在围岩系统稳定过程中所起的作用不同,软岩巷道围岩稳定性控制应做到整体性和协调性支护。在分析巷道顶、帮、底相互作用效应基础上,针对软岩巷道强流变四周均表现出大变形的破坏特征,提出了全断面、全支全让O型封闭控制的支护原理。该原理强调,开挖初期就应对软岩巷道顶、帮、底全断面进行强力支护,同时全断面又适时让压,在高阻支护力作用下又能适当释放围岩应力,达到对软岩巷道的整体性和协调性控制。通过力学模型对软岩巷道围岩塑性区范围和表面位移与支护力的作用关系进行了分析计算,得出巷道围岩变形破坏与支护力呈负相关关系。工程实践表明,采用该支护原理有效控制了深部软岩巷道的大变形。研究成果对类似工程实践具有一定的参考借鉴价值。     

深井煤矿硐室底臌控制对策与监测分析

针对淮南矿区顾北煤矿-648 m水平绞车房硐室底板突出严重,容易发生拉剪破坏的特点,首先采用FLAC3D对绞车房硐室支护前的围岩变形和应力分布特征进行了模拟分析：变截面处和底角应力集中明显,在高应力作用下底角剪切滑移和底板折断隆起是造成底臌的根本原因。基于分步联合支护理论,对绞车房硐室底板支护方案进行了优化,并对绞车房硐室表面与深部位移、锚索受力和基础内部应力进行了全方位监测,结果表明：原支护方案下巷道底板变形较大,巷道底角发生剪切滑移诱使巷道断面圆形化,注浆花管和底角地梁可以较好地抵抗底角处的剪切滑移;巷道底板变形量受地应力方位影响较大,采用新的底板联合支护方式不仅可以很好地满足绞车房硐室对底板变形的要求,还能加强两帮稳定性,同时保证了绞车房基础稳定。     

管缝式锚杆防治软岩巷道底臌的试验研究

根据对巷道围岩移动趋势的分析，充分考虑到锚杆在垂直于锚杆轴向方向上与围岩的相互作用．将其用于软岩巷道底臌的防治，简化了软岩巷道施工工艺。矿井的实际应用表明支护效果是明显的。     

基于格栅拱架的软岩巷道分步联合控制技术研究

针对煤矿深井软岩巷道大变形灾害频发难题,以淮南矿区潘三矿软岩大变形巷道为工程背景,在系统分析围岩失稳破坏大变形原因的基础上,提出了深部软弱破碎巷道基于格栅拱架的分步联合支护技术,包括：格栅支架+一次锚杆锚索、初喷、浅孔注浆、预应力锚杆、复喷150 mm厚混凝土、深孔注浆和帮顶预应力锚索。进一步,分析了格栅拱架支护控制原理,并采用FLAC^3D确定了基于格栅拱架的分步联合技术的最优支护参数。现场对比分析表明,格栅拱架支护围岩初期变形速率及最终收敛变形量均大于型钢支护,但加设二次支护之后格栅拱架位移能较快收敛,此外,格栅支护在经济和效率方面优于钢拱架支护。最后,通过现场监测,格栅拱架分步联合技术各工序的最优施工周期为：预应力锚杆、锚索合理的支护时间是注浆后10 d内,而深孔注浆之后预应力锚杆2周内较优。实践表明,基于格栅拱架的分步联合控制技术深井是软岩巷道围岩控制的一条有效途径。     

高应力深部软岩巷道支护方案设计及其数值模拟分析

基于岩体破坏准则和Hoek-Brown曲线分析了软岩巷道围岩的受力特征。结合山脚树煤矿的实例,选择中空注浆锚索巷道支护方案,模拟了高应力深部软岩巷道支护形式。研究结果表明:结合经济效益和支护效果,2.3m长的锚杆支护效果最好,且能节约巷道围岩支护的成本。同时随着巷道支护锚杆的长度逐步减小,深部高应力软岩巷道的最大竖向位移和变形也在逐渐增加。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)