四川牦牛坪稀土矿床地幔流体成矿的碳、氢、氧、硫同位素证据

选取2种主要矿石类型——碳酸岩伟晶岩型矿石和重晶石伟晶岩型矿石进行了成矿流体的C、H、O、S同位素测试，获得δ^13CV-PDB值为-3．0‰～-5．6‰，δDV-SMOW值为-57‰～-88‰，δ^18OH2O-VSMOW值为8．0‰～13．3‰，δ^34SV-CDT值为3．3‰～5．9‰，以及方解石的δ^13CV-PDB值为-6．9‰和δ^18OV-SMOW值为7．3‰～7．4‰。所有这些数据表明，四川牦牛坪稀土矿床在成矿过程中有大量地幔物质参与。     

攀西大陆槽稀土矿床深源成矿流体的稳定同位素证据

通过对大陆槽矿床的成矿流体稳定同位素研究表明,矿体石英中流体包裹体的δD、δ^18O和δ^13C值分别为-87‰、 6．0‰和-8．4‰,矿石(氟碳铈矿)的δ^13C为-8．0‰,矿体萤石中流体包裹体的δD和δ^18O分别为-99‰和-11．6‰。研究表明,矿床的成矿流体应为少量大气降水混合的深源成矿流体,流体包体中和矿石中的碳则可能源自较深的壳幔混熔源区。     

新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床年代学、氦氩碳氧同位素特征及其地质意义

新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿位于西南天山西端，受NNE向脆韧性剪切带控制。对绢云母化蚀变岩进行了^40Ar／^39Ar法年龄测定，表明金主成矿时代为三叠纪。根据黄铁矿流体包裹体氦、氩同位素、石英流体包裹体的碳、氧同位素组成，讨论了萨瓦亚尔顿金矿成矿流体的来源。结果表明石英流体包裹体中δ^18OSMOW变化于14．5100-24．2‰，CO2的δ^CPDB变化范围较大，为-8．69‰～＋4．98‰，暗示成矿流体中的碳来源于地幔和海相碳酸盐岩。黄铁矿流体包裹体的^3He／^4He变化较大，为0．04～1．11R／Ra，^40Ar／^36Ar变化较小，介于301～348。综合分析认为萨瓦亚尔顿金矿的成矿流体为地幔流体和地壳流体混合的产物，以地壳流体为主。     

新疆-甘肃北山金矿南带的成矿流体演化和成矿机制

北山金矿南带是西北5省区规模最大的金矿带。选择北山南带的新金厂、老金厂和小西弓金矿床，在矿床地质和岩相学研究的基础上，对脉石英的流体包裹体进行了显微温度计和激光拉曼探针气体成分测定；对石英和矿石黄铁矿的包裹体H2O，CO2和CH4进行了H和C同位素组成测定，对石英和黄铁矿分别做了O和S同位素组成测定。3个金矿床的脉石英含有富CO2＋CH4、H2O溶液以及H2O-CO2＋CH4包裹体。小西弓金矿床流体包裹体的均一化温度主要介于270℃-450℃，一部分H2O溶液包裹体圈闭了高盐度流体（16．43—18．63wt．％NaCl equiv．），大部分H2O溶液包裹体和全部富CO2＋CH。包裹体代表了中-低盐度（2．8％-13．6％）流体。新金厂金矿床流体包裹体的均一化温度主要介于210℃-346℃；一部分流体包裹体圈闭了高盐度（10．98％～14％NaCl equiv．）流体，一部分H2O溶液包裹体和绝大多数富CO2＋CH4包裹体圈闭了中-低盐度（2．9％-8．81％NaCl equiv．）流体。老金厂金矿床H2O溶液包裹体的均一化温度主要分布于141℃-400℃，含盐度介于1．4％-8．28％，属于中-低盐度流体。进行了大气降水-围岩^18O／^16O、D／H交换反应模拟。小西弓矿床早期硫化物-石英脉金矿成矿流体对应较高的水／岩比（=0．01—0．05），其^18O／^16O和D／H组成更受钾长花岗岩者控制，硫化物的δ^34S值也接近钾长花岗岩的黄铁矿者，指示热液流体围绕着钾长花岗岩的对流淋滤。成矿晚期，围绕着花岗岩侵入体的热液对流崩溃，矿区围岩内发育更大尺度的彼此分离的弥漫性流体渗透淋滤；相应地，小西弓矿床晚期蚀变岩金矿成矿流体的8D值对应低水／岩比（0．005-≈0．01），其δ^18O值变化范围较宽，受当地中元古界变质岩控制，蚀变岩型金矿黄铁矿的δ^34S值也接近中元古界长英质片岩的黄铁矿者。新金厂金矿和老金厂金矿成矿流体的δD值和δ^18O值对应的水／岩值分别介于0．004—0．01和0．007～0．02，与岩浆流体或者下二叠统哲斯群辉绿岩和英安岩围岩具有更密切的关系。新金厂金矿和老金厂金矿黄铁矿样品的δ^34S值介于-2．58‰和-6．32‰，指示S来源于下二叠统哲斯群辉绿岩、英安岩和碳质板岩围岩。3个金矿的石英包裹体CO2（δ^13C=-2．20‰--9．14‰），以及石英和黄铁矿包裹体CH4（δ^13C=013．10‰--27．40‰）不平衡；前者来源于幔源岩浆去气，后者来源于哲斯群碳质板岩或者中元古界长英质片岩中的还原碳。3个金矿黄铁矿包裹体的CO（δ^13C=-10．79‰--23．62‰）主要来源于哲斯群碳质板岩或中元古界长英质片岩中的还原碳，但是，也混合了较少的岩浆CO2。包裹体CO2和CH4δ^13C值的系统变化，也反映了从岩浆侵位和去气、流体对流，到围岩中流体大面积弥漫性渗透淋滤的演化过程。CH4介入成矿流体，导致流体不混溶和金的沉淀。北山金矿南带的形成既不同于典型的造山带型金矿床，也不同于与侵入岩有关的金矿床。我们提出北山金矿南带的成矿模式为：岩浆去气和流体对流、岩石挤压破碎、流体弥漫性渗透淋滤。     

云南大红山层状铜矿床成矿流体研究

云南大红山层状铜矿是大红山铁铜矿床的一部分。其成矿主要分为两个阶段：早期火山喷流作用形成了层状铜矿矿胚。而后期热液对原先的矿胚进行了改造和富集。本文选取大红山层状铜矿中石英脉型铜矿石石英样品系统地进行了流体包裹体的研究,主要发现了富液相（L＋V）、舍子晶多相（L＋S±V）和纯CO2三类主要包裹体。显微测温结果表明,其均一温度在103-456℃之间;盐度范围为0．53％～59．76％NaCl equiv．,密度为0．80～1．45g/cm^3;纯CO2包裹体均一温度为-34．3-20．8℃,对应密度为0．77-1．09g／cm^3。稳定同位素测定结果表明,硫化物δ^34S分布范围为-0．6‰～＋10．9‰,表明岩浆硫和海水硫酸盐还原成因硫参与了早期成矿过程。方解石δ^13 CPDB值范围为-5．6‰～-3．1‰,与地幔碳同位素值（-5．0±2‰）完全吻合,暗示了热液中碳质有地幔来源。根据氧同位素方解石-水及石英-水之间的分馏方程,计算得到成矿流体中水的δ^18 OSMOW值在-1．9‰-13．7‰之间,与火成岩δ^18O范围（5‰～15‰）基本一致。根据矿体地质特征、岩相学、流体包裹体以及稳定同位素等方面的综合研究,本文认为在喷流沉积之后的挤压环境下,从地幔分异出来的高温、中-高盐度并富含CO2的流体和海水一起改造了原岩,形成了变质火山-沉积岩,并使原先的铜矿矿胚活化富集。     

豫西南石板沟金矿床成矿流体特征

豫西南的石板沟金矿床是一个与剪切带有关的脉状金矿。该矿床流体包裹体的系统分析结果表明：镜下石英中流体包裹体类型丰富多样。据室温状态下流体包裹体的相态、加热状态下流体包裹体的性状及产出特征。鉴别出原生富气包裹体、原生富液包裹体、原生舍子矿物多相包裹体、次生富液包裹体和次生纯液包裹体等五种类型。流体包裹体显微测温数据的统计结果显示均一温度(Th)在380～110℃之间，成矿流体最低捕获压力估计在13～74MPa之间：盐度估计在2．3％～43．0％NaCI之间；密度估计在0．84～1．15g／cm^3之间。流体组份属K^ -Na^ -Ca^2 -Mg^2 -HCO3^--CI^--SO4^2-体系。流体包裹体氢、氧和碳等稳定同住素测试结果显示δ^18OH2O为-2．49‰～-1．99‰，δDH2O为-24．0‰～33‰，δ^13Cco2为-11．12‰～-14．59‰。综合研究认为该矿床不同矿化类型的成矿流体性质不同，具有多来源特征，成矿与剪切带和中低温热液作用有关,可能是岩浆作用与动力变形变质作用紧密配合的结果。     

豫西公峪金矿床地质地球化学特征及成因探讨

文章较为详细地总结了公峪蚀变岩型金矿的地质特征，将成矿作用分为3个阶段，即石英-黄铁矿阶段，石英-硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段，并测定了矿石样品的稳定同位素组成。结果表明：硫化物的δ^34S值变化于-1．7‰～2．2‰之间，与陨石硫的δ^34S值接近，反映为深源；成矿Ⅰ阶段流体的δD值为-68‰--86‰，δ^18OH2O为-0.6‰～ 4．9‰，成矿Ⅱ阶段流体的δD值为-67‰～-84‰，δ^18OH2O为-0．6‰～-8．9‰，反映成矿流体主要有两个来源，Ⅰ阶段以深源水为主，Ⅱ阶段有大量大气降水混入。公峪金矿与祁雨沟金矿应属于同一成矿系统的产物，均与燕山晚期岩浆热液活动有关，可能为同源、同期、不同构造空间的演化产物。     

老挝帕奔金矿床同位素地球化学特征

对矿床热液成矿期含金方解石中H、O、C稳定同位素测定,探讨主成矿期成矿流体和成矿物质来源,为深入研究帕奔金矿成矿机制、成矿作用提供了新的地球化学资料。含金方解石碳氧同位素~(13)C_(V-PDB)值分布在-4.5‰~-5.2‰之间,~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值分布于20.0‰~20.8‰之间,含金的方解石矿物来源为流体与二叠纪海相碳酸盐岩相互作用产物;含金方解石矿物中包裹体水的δD值在-49‰~-92‰之间,δ~(18)O-H_2O的范围为8.32‰~13.42‰,成矿流体来源与岩浆活动存在密切关系。     

胶东大尹格庄金矿床成矿流体特征与演化

胶东是我国最重要的黄金产地,也是全球成矿晚于赋矿围岩近2Ga的巨型金矿集区之一。大尹格庄金矿床位于胶西北招平断裂中段是区域内典型的超大型蚀变岩型金矿床也是胶东金矿集区内最大的金银伴生矿床。本研究在详实的野外地质调查和岩相学观察基础上对不同成矿阶段的石英中流体包裹体进行碳、氢、氧同位素测试和计算。大尹格庄金矿床热液成矿过程可分为四个阶段:黄铁矿-绢云母-石英阶段(Ⅰ阶段)、石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ阶段)、石英-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ阶段)和石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅳ)。氢-氧同位素组成表明,Ⅰ阶段流体的δD为-84.4‰～-68.4‰,δ~(18)O为2.04‰～7.36‰;Ⅱ阶段流体的δD为-78.6‰～-69.8‰,δ~(18)O为0.3‰～4.2‰;Ⅲ阶段流体的δD为-81.4‰～-72.0‰,δ~(18)O为-3.47‰～-1.25‰。随着成矿作用进行,δ~(18)O逐渐降低。流体包裹体的碳-氧同位素分析表明,δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O分别随成矿作用的进行降低和升高。两种测试获得的氧同位素变化趋势不同,可能是由于前者是通过石英单矿物氧同位素计算得到的流体包裹体中水的氧同位素而后者测定的是流体包裹体中CO_2的氧同位素。综合分析表明,大尹格庄金矿床成矿流体主体为变质水;成矿作用过程中,断裂带强烈构造变形诱发次生包裹体的形成导致氢氧同位素组成向中生代大气水漂移。     

陕西金龙山卡林型金矿带成矿流体地球化学研究

陕西金龙山金矿的流体包裹体研究表明，成矿流体属于Na^ -Cl^－型；从成矿早期到晚期，流体的氧化性增强，成矿深度逐渐变浅，大气降水混入增多，有机组分增多。石英包裹体的Na^ ,K^ ,SO4^2-,Cl^-以及阴，阳离子总量都高于同期共生的方解石，而Mg^2 和F^－则相反；含铁方解石的δ^13C，δ^18O和包裹体δ^D均低于方解石和石英。用配位化学理论将这些差异解释为同一流体系统水岩作用的结果。氢，氧，碳同位素指示了流体主要来自建造水和大气降水；流体中的碳主要来自围岩地层。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with