论平顺天脊山国家地质公区地质遗迹类犁及评价

山西平顺天脊山国家地质公园2011年11月由国土资源部审定为第六批具有国家地质公园建设资格的地质公园。公园内包括通天峡、天脊山和神龙湾3个景区,主要地质遗迹景观96处,其中国家级地质遗迹4处,省级地质遗迹39处,地方级地质遗迹56处。主要的地质遗迹为岩石地貌景观、流水侵蚀地貌景观、构造地貌景观和水体景观大类的泉水景观、河流景观和瀑布景观,其中最重要的地质遗迹景观是流水侵蚀地貌景观和瀑布景观．     

对山西陵川王莽岭国家地质公园地质遗迹特征及评价的分析

山西陵川王莽岭国家地质公园是2009年8月经国土资源部审定的第五批国家地质公园,公园位于晋城市陵川县境内,包括王莽岭和黄围—门河2个园区。主要地质遗迹景观90处,其中国家级地质遗迹33处,省级地质遗迹31处,地方级地质遗迹26处。主要的地质遗迹景观为地貌、地质构造、古生物和水体景观大类。     

四川南充嘉陵江曲流地质公园地质遗迹特征及成因浅析

四川南充嘉陵江曲流地质公园于2006年12月批准为省级地质公园,是四川省以曲流类型为代表的第一个地质公园.笔者曾参加公园内地质遗迹调查评价工作,通过野外调查,查明了公园内地质遗迹景观的类型、数量、分布、形态、组合特征、规模等,初步剖析了曲流景观、凌云山桌状方山、象形石景的成因,探讨了嘉陵江曲流景观的形成演化.     

湖北神农架世界地质公园地质遗迹分类及地学意义

湖北神农架世界地质公园是以(秦岭)造山带地质构造为特征的构造地貌及山地生态综合性地质公园。公园内地质遗迹和景观类型多样,共包括地质(体、层)剖面、地质构造、古生物、矿物与矿床、地貌景观、水体景观和环境地质遗迹景观7个大类、20个类共100多处地质遗迹景点,其中世界级地质遗迹景观共计5处。在前人研究总结的基础上,就地质公园内地质遗迹的地貌学、构造地质学、地层岩石学、化石及古生物等方面的地学意义进行了探讨。结果表明,湖北神农架世界地质公园内地质遗迹种类丰富,具有较高的科研、科普价值,园内多处地质遗迹具有全球对比意义。     

龙缸国家地质公园地质遗迹特征及景观评价

龙缸国家地质公园地质遗迹类型丰富,特征典型,研究观赏价值大。地质遗迹以喀斯特地貌和构造遗迹为主,三叠系灰岩、侏罗系红色碎屑岩是公园主要的成景地层,华蓥山大断裂和七曜山大断裂是影响园区地质遗迹发育分布的主要因素。本文提出了地质遗迹景观评价标准的分级原则,对于正确认识龙缸国家地质公园地质遗迹现状,深入了解喀斯特地貌等工作具有一定的参考价值。     

申报长白山新生代火山国家地质公园的可行性分析

本文介绍了长白山自然保护区的概况,说明建立长白山新生代火山国家地质公园具备的基础,论述了建立公园的意义,并将长白山地质遗迹景观与国土资源部颁发的《国家地质公园评审标准》进行了对比分析,认为长白山新生代火山地质遗迹景观和生态系统符合国家地质公园的标准,申报是可行的。最后提出了尚需进一步工作的建议。     

天津蓟县国家地质公园地质遗迹特征及综合评价

天津蓟县国家地质公园总面积264.6km~2,分为8个景区,由于各景区陆续、分别开展地质遗迹调查工作,时间跨度较大,使用调查参考规范不同,导致公园内地质遗迹分类方案和评价标准不统一,不利于公园内地质遗迹的开发保护。本文基于天津蓟县国家地质公园内地质遗迹数据,按照《国家地质公园规划编制技术要求》对地质遗迹进行了类型划分,采用定性和定量相结合的评价方法进行等级划分。研究结果表明:公园内主要地质遗迹共有368处,分为地质(体、层)剖面、地质构造、古生物、矿物与矿床、地貌景观、水体景观、环境地质7大类;地层剖面、构造形迹、古生物遗迹等16类;全国性标准剖面、区域(大型)构造、中小型构造等22亚类。具有重要观赏价值和重大科学研究价值的主要为中新元古界剖面类、花岗岩地貌类、石英砂岩地貌类、古生物类、构造形迹类等景观类型。通过综合评价分析,公园有世界级地质遗迹46处,国家级地质遗迹23处,省级地质遗迹58处,县级地质遗迹241处。上述研究以期为蓟县国家地质公园地质遗迹保护与开发提供技术支持和决策参考。     

大巴山国家地质公园地质遗迹景观类型及评价

在对四川大巴山国家地质公园地质遗迹景观实地调查研究的基础上,对资源类型进行了划分.综合前人的评价方法对地质遗迹景观进行定性与定量评价,结果表明,褶皱构造景观、岩溶地貌景观是公园的导向性地质遗迹景观.公园旅游资源的自然属性得分率较高,其典型性、稀有性、奇特性特征突出,资源的科学价值、美学价值高,旅游开发潜力大.     

北京市十渡国家地质公园地质遗迹评价方法及应用

本文是以北京十渡国家地质公园为例,结合《国家地质公园规划编制技术要求》,对公园内地质遗迹的科学价值、美学价值、科普价值及旅游开发价值分别进行了定性、定量评价,利用层次分析法和德尔菲法对公园内地质遗迹进行了综合评价,将公园内地质遗迹分为世界级、国家级、省级、地方级4个等级,为政府保护与管理地质遗迹提供科学依据。     

玉龙雪山国家地质公园地质遗迹资源类型划分及其综合评价

通过文献综述和多次野外考察,依据国土资源部针对地质遗迹印发的最新分类标准,对玉龙雪山地质公园内地质遗迹资源进行分类,并运用层次分析法与综合评估方法对地质遗迹资源亚类进行评价。结果表明：地质公园内地质遗迹资源可分为地质剖面、地质构造、地貌景观、环境地质遗迹景观、水体景观5个大类、9个类、15个亚类;评价因子权重文化属性>自然属性,科研价值=科普价值>美学价值>经济社会价值>典型性>稀有性>系统性>历史文化价值>自然性;地质遗迹资源亚类划分为三级,其中有I级地质遗迹亚类4个、Ⅱ级8个、Ⅲ级3个。总体上,玉龙雪山国家地质公园内地质遗迹类型多样且保存完整,以河流地貌和构造地质遗迹为主要代表,以冰川地质遗迹为主要特色。地质遗迹资源丰富、普遍品质高,有极高的科研、科普价值,尤其是地学方面的研究意义重大。通过对玉龙雪山国家地质公园地质遗迹评价,为地质公园内地质遗迹资源保护和可持续发展提供基础资料和科学参考。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

Some Measurements of Radon in Soils and in Stream-Water in County Durham

Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters.     

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。