胶东邓格庄金矿床成因:地质年代学和同位素体系制约

邓格庄金矿地处华北克拉通胶东半岛东部苏鲁超高压带内,黄金储量已超过50t,是胶东牟平-乳山成矿带第二大石英脉型金矿床。矿体产于昆嵛山岩体和荆山群变质岩接触带附近的昆嵛山岩体中,金矿体受控于金牛山断裂带西侧的次级断裂。矿石中的硫-铅-氢-氧同位素值表明成矿流体主要来源于岩浆,具有以地壳为主兼具地幔混合特征,通过深渊断裂发生迁移,在成矿晚期遭受天水混染。围岩昆嵛山二长花岗岩高精度的锆石U-Pb年龄为155. 8Ma,成矿前期蚀变岩中蚀变矿物钾长石和绢云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar精确测年结果分别为123Ma和104Ma。结合近年来前人的研究资料,我们建立了胶东金矿集区中生代岩浆岩演化序列,将其划分为160～150Ma、130～110Ma、110～100Ma三个阶段,并给出了大规模爆发式成矿的年龄峰值(120±10Ma)。认为邓格庄金矿既非以变质流体为特征的典型造山型金矿,也非浅成低温热液型金矿,而是伴随华北克拉通岩石圈减薄、软流圈物质上涌、地壳拉张而使壳幔混合流体在浅部以大纵深脉状集中成矿为基本特征的中温岩浆热液型金矿。     

胶东和小秦岭:两类不同构造环境中的造山型金矿省

胶东和小秦岭是我国排名前两位的金矿产地,根据对这两个地区的实地野外考察、室内研究及对已有大量研究成果的总结,我们认为胶东与小秦岭地区的金矿床均可归入造山型金矿的范畴,它们分别形成于增生型造山体制和碰撞型造山体制.胶东金矿床形成于早白垩世(130～120Ma左右)与洋壳俯冲(增生)造山相关的活动大陆边缘环境,矿床主要产于中生代花岗岩岩体中,严格受断裂带(NNE向或NE向为主)控制,成矿流体具有低盐度高CO_2含量的特征,He-Ar同位素研究显示成矿过程有幔源物质的加入.综合金矿床及中生代岩浆岩(特别是与成矿近同时的早白垩世郭家岭花岗岩及基性岩脉)的地质地球化学特征与成岩成矿动力学,我们提出在俯冲的太平洋板块后退的背景下,胶东地区增厚地壳中的榴辉岩相下地壳及下伏岩石圈地幔发生两阶段拆沉,强烈的壳幔相互作用最终导致了早白垩世普遍的岩浆活动及金的爆发成矿的模式.小秦岭地区金矿床主要以大型含金石英脉的形式产出于太华群变质基底的脆性-韧性剪切带(EW向为主)中,而与区域内燕山期大型花岗岩岩基没有直接联系,矿床地质特征(如低盐度高CO_2,以变质流体为主的成矿热液)与造山型金矿吻合,He-Ar同位素特征表明金矿床形成时有幔源物质的加入.小秦岭地区脉状Au-Mo矿床印支期成矿年龄(215～256Ma,辉钼矿Re-Os)表明印支期是小秦岭地区金成矿的主要时期,小秦岭金矿属于陆陆(华北与扬子)碰撞造山过程中形成的造山型金矿.     

华北克拉通北缘早白垩世金成矿与地幔物质的贡献

华北克拉通北缘是我国重要的金成矿带,早白垩世金矿床主要分布在成矿带的中-东段赤峰-朝阳矿集区、五龙-猫岭矿集区、夹皮沟矿集区、老岭矿集区及附近区域。本文综述了华北北缘早白垩世金矿床的地质及同位素地球化学特征,讨论了早白垩世地幔组分参与金成矿的证据和过程。研究表明,华北北缘早白垩世金矿床与矿区内中-基性岩脉具有密切的时空关系;金矿脉中石英流体包裹体氢-氧同位素、碳酸盐矿物碳同位素及含金黄铁矿氦-氩同位素组成揭示成矿流体以岩浆水为主,具有壳-幔混合来源的特征;硫-铅-锶-钕同位素组成显示成矿物质具有显著的上地幔贡献。个别金矿床原位硫同位素组成反映成矿流体经历了强烈的水-岩反应,从围岩中萃取了部分硫等成矿组分。总体上,华北北缘早白垩世金矿具有基本一致的地质和地球化学特征,反映了幔源岩浆对金矿床的成矿流体及成矿物质具有重要贡献,其金成矿过程与早白垩世(140～120Ma)华北克拉通破坏及相关的壳幔相互作用有关。     

招平断裂带上盘金矿床石英流体包裹体同位素组成特征及地质意义

招-平断裂是胶东招掖金矿带的主要控矿断裂,其上盘金矿床受 NE 向断裂构造控制,赋矿围岩为胶东群变质岩,金矿化以含金硫化物石英脉为主。通过首次对招远灵雀山金矿床富金石英脉石英流体包裹体 Rb-Sr 等时线年龄的测定,获得116±23Ma 成矿年龄。从而说明招-平断裂带上盘金矿大规模成矿期发生于早白垩世的构造体系转折期。对富金石英脉石英流体包裹体同位素特征研究表明。该地区成矿热液均以幔源为主,具有与招掖金矿带其它金矿类似的成矿热液系统。由此可以看出招-平断裂带上盘也具有良好的成矿条件。     

中国胶东焦家式金矿类型及其成矿理论

胶东焦家式金矿是中国最重要的金矿类型,是受构造控制的热液型金矿,可分为破碎带蚀变岩型、含金石英脉型、破碎带石英网脉带型、硫化物石英脉型、层间滑动构造带型、蚀变砾岩型和盆缘断裂角砾岩型等亚类。金矿成矿时期为早白垩世,成矿物质来源于强烈的壳幔相互作用,常具有绢英岩化、黄铁矿化、硅化、钾化等矿化蚀变,金矿体产出具有尖灭再现、分支复合、侧伏、斜列、叠瓦规律。岩浆热隆、流体活动、伸展拆离是导致胶东大规模金矿形成的三大关键要素;早白垩世壳幔同熔岩浆活动分凝和激活的围岩流体是金矿迁移、富集的载体;岩浆上隆产生的伸展拆离构造为金矿成矿提供了有利空间。据此,提出了焦家式金矿“热隆-伸展”成矿理论。焦家式金矿形成于早白垩世中国东部岩石圈大规模减薄阶段,受伸展构造系统控制。控矿构造沿倾向呈现陡缓相间的倾角变化规律,金矿主要沿断裂倾角变化的平缓部位和陡、缓转折部位富集,构成“阶梯式”分布型式。     

克拉通破坏型金矿成矿机制:吉南板庙子金矿床闪长玢岩与重晶石流体包裹体、H-O-S同位素证据

克拉通破坏对于华北克拉通中生代的成矿作用有着深刻的影响。相对于胶东矿集区,其他克拉通破坏型金矿矿集区的研究程度相对较低,尤其是位于华北克拉通东北部的吉南矿集区更是缺乏典型矿床的研究。本文对华北克拉通东北部吉南矿集区板庙子金矿区出露的闪长玢岩进行了岩相学、年代学及地球化学研究,同时对成矿Ⅲ阶段的重晶石矿物进行了流体包裹体、H-O-S同位素组成分析。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,在具有明显振荡环带的岩浆锆石中获得133.3±0.9Ma加权平均年龄,表明闪长玢岩的侵位时代为早白垩世;同时根据锆石CL图像下极弱的阴极发光特征识别出一组加权平均年龄为130.6±1.0Ma的热液锆石,说明岩浆侵位结晶后遭受热液蚀变改造,由此限定了板庙子金矿床的成矿时代为早白垩世。闪长玢岩地球化学特征显示亏损重稀土元素(HREEs)和Y,富集Sr,具有高钾钙碱性,Mg# 60,Na2O/K2O 1,表现埃达克质岩石特征,其岩浆来源于拆沉下地壳部分熔融,并与地幔橄榄岩反应;富集轻稀土元素(LREEs),以及亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSEs)。结合区域的岩浆活动资料,表明该闪长玢岩形成于古太平洋板块俯冲作用相关的强烈伸展构造背景。重晶石矿物H-O同位素组成表明成矿流体来源于岩浆水、建造水和变质水的混合;重晶石矿物S同位素表明成矿物质来源于大洋水和海相蒸发岩。综合板庙子金矿成矿时代、成矿构造背景以及成矿流体/物质来源的特点,提出板庙子金矿属于克拉通破坏型金矿,并阐述了古太平洋板块对欧亚大陆的俯冲作用及其在早白垩世引起的拆沉作用是克拉通破坏型金矿成矿机制的关键     

冀北大西沟金矿床主要侵入岩体年代学及构造、成矿意义

大西沟金矿床位于华北克拉通北缘中东段,是冀北地区近年来发现的一处重要金矿床。矿区范围内主要侵入岩体的U-Pb同位素测年分析结果显示,似斑状花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄为1858±12Ma,中细粒花岗岩为1829±14Ma,蚀变辉长岩脉为1807±18Ma,花岗斑岩为135~136Ma,流纹斑岩为133.8±1.0Ma,主要集中于古元古代(1807~1858Ma)与早白垩世(133~136Ma)2个时期,分别是古元古代与中生代燕山期构造-岩浆活动的产物。矿区南部花岗斑岩可能为大西沟金矿成矿提供了重要的热源和成矿流体,成矿时代推测为早白垩世。该时期华北克拉通北缘及邻区处于岩石圈减薄作用阶段,伸展体制的张裂构造作用诱发的富碱性岩浆作用及相关流体活动为该区金、钼矿床的形成提供了重要的动力和物质来源,是该区多金属成矿作用的主要控矿因素。     

胶东中生代动力学演化及主要金属矿床成矿系列

胶东处于古特提斯和太平洋两大成矿域的结合部位,经历了强烈的中生代构造岩浆活动和重要金属矿床成矿作用。本文通过对中生代各期岩浆活动背景、典型矿床成因类型的分析判别,结合区域地质构造特征,总结提出胶东中生代成岩成矿动力学演化主要受扬子板块、华北板块碰撞造山作用和古太平洋板块俯冲作用影响,并可划分为晚三叠世陆陆碰撞造山期,中侏罗世被动陆缘向活动陆缘转换、地壳增生期,早白垩世早期地壳增生向垮塌转换期,早白垩世中期岩石圈大规模拆沉、壳幔强烈作用期,早白垩世晚期陆缘弧俯冲作用期,和晚白垩世早期弧后岩石圈强烈伸展期六个演化阶段,分别对应着区域~205Ma、160~155Ma、135~125Ma、125~115Ma、115~100Ma、100~90Ma等六期主要金及多金属成矿作用;形成的贵金属及有色金属矿床具有较为明显的时空分布规律,大致包括6个矿床成矿系列,分为9个亚系列和16个矿床式。自西向东,可划分出莱州西部、招远-平度、栖霞-蓬莱-福山、胶莱盆地东北缘、牟平-乳山、文登-威海、荣成等7个贵金属、有色金属成矿区(带)。区内造山型金矿仍是找矿的重点,斑岩型有色金属矿床可望取得突破,中低温热液脉型多金属矿床应受到充分重视。     

冀东峪耳崖金矿床蚀变绢云母40Ar-39Ar年龄 及其地质意义

峪耳崖大型金矿床位于华北克拉通北缘燕山造山带东段,其主成矿阶段的时间尚待准确约束。本次工作开展了主成矿阶段矿石中蚀变绢云母40Ar-39Ar同位素定年研究,获得的坪年龄((169.4±1.1)Ma(MSWD=0.22)),与反等时线年龄((168.4±1.8)Ma(MSWD=5.5))一致,小于赋矿花岗岩的年龄(174～175 Ma)和辉钼矿的ReOs等时线年龄(172 Ma),限定了峪耳崖金矿主成矿过程自172 Ma持续至169 Ma。峪耳崖金矿与冀东地区其他金矿床显示相似的成岩成矿特征,均在中侏罗世蒙古-鄂霍次克洋闭合、两侧板块碰撞造山的远程影响下,冀东地区下地壳基底物质部分熔融形成的花岗质岩浆(可能伴有少量幔源物质混入)及其分异出的岩浆热液萃取基底成矿物质后,成矿流体在NE向构造有利空间发生沉淀富集,形成岩浆期后热液型金矿床。     

胶东金矿形成期间地幔流体参与成矿过程的碳氧氢同位素证据

胶东地区发育有两种类型的金矿床，以玲珑，焦家，三山岛，乳山为代表的石英脉型-破碎蚀变岩型和以大庄子，蓬家夼为代表的胶莱盆地北缘滑脱破碎带内的角砾岩型金矿，本文选择了两种类型中的玲珑，三山岛和大庄子金矿床进行碳氧氢同位素测定。初步认为两类金矿属于同一成矿系统，它们形成于120Ma左右的华北克拉通岩石圈减薄和软流圈上涌期间，岩浆流体和地幔脱气与胶东世界级金矿的形成密切相关，在石英脉型-破碎蚀变岩型矿石中可见深刻的地幔流体和岩浆流体的“烙印”。形成于滑脱破碎带中的角砾岩金矿流体与中生代大气降水和海相碳酸盐岩发生了强烈的交换作用。     

胶东金矿床成矿流体、稳定同位素及成矿时代研究进展

胶东金矿成矿具有"多期叠加,时空集中,规模巨大"的显著特征,胶东金矿床在成矿流体性质、成矿时代上具有一致性。各类矿床不同蚀变带、各成矿阶段的流体包裹体类型主要有H2OCO2包裹体、富CO2包裹体和H2O溶液包裹体,各成矿阶段具有不同的流体包裹体类型组合,成矿流体为中低温、低盐度的CO2-H2O-NaCl流体。稳定同位素研究表明,成矿流体可能源于统一的流体库——壳幔相互作用过程的流体系统,成矿晚期有大气降水混入。胶东地区岩浆活动主要集中于152~160Ma(玲珑花岗岩)、126~130Ma(郭家岭花岗岩)和108~118.8Ma(伟德山花岗岩)等3个时期,主成矿期年龄集中于112~127Ma,成矿主要与郭家岭和伟德山花岗岩有关。     

辽东半岛金矿成矿作用与深部资源勘查

辽东半岛地处华北克拉通东北部、胶-辽台隆北段,是我国东部重要的金矿资源产区之一。区内先后发现五龙、白云、猫岭等大中型金矿床,探明储量超过300 t。鉴于辽东半岛与胶东半岛处于相似的构造背景,辽东半岛金矿成矿及找矿潜力一直广受关注,相关的地质研究及矿产勘查工作也持续进行。总体看,已有研究更多聚焦于金矿床本身的描述及矿床成因等方面的工作,但缺乏对区域成矿背景及成矿过程的全面梳理,在一定程度上制约了深部资源勘查工作的方向及部署。作者根据2016-2019年间的野外地质调查,结合区域成矿地质背景、含矿岩石显微构造变形和年代学等方面的分析,系统总结了辽东半岛金矿的成矿条件和控矿因素,并就深部资源勘查方向提出了建议。研究表明：辽东半岛已发现金矿化分属于晚三叠世和早白垩世两期构造-岩浆成矿系统。宏观及微观上,构造对区内金矿的形成和分布均表现出明显的控制作用。两个时期的金矿都经历了早期的韧性变形和晚期的脆性变形,且金矿化都与晚期脆性构造环境下发育的超碎裂岩化及含矿热液蚀变作用有关。基于辽东半岛地壳结构、物质组成和金矿成矿地质条件的分析,本文认为辽东半岛的深部资源勘查应重点集中在3个方向：营口-宽甸台拱的南、北边界断裂带及其伴随的北东、北西向断裂构造的复合部位;营口-宽甸台拱的东、西两侧北东向（新华夏系）边界断裂带及其伴随的低级别、低序次构造系统;关注在现有含矿构造带下部是否存在与印支期、燕山期岩浆活动有关的斑岩型金矿化（床）。     

华北克拉通北缘张家口-宣化地区古生代-中生代岩浆构造活动与成矿作用

河北省张家口-宣化地区(张宣地区)位于华北克拉通北缘中段,区内自显生宙以来构造活动频繁,并产出大量岩浆岩和金矿床,是研究华北克拉通北缘岩浆-构造-成矿演化体系的重要对象。本文通过对张宣地区的水泉沟正长岩、响水沟似斑状花岗岩、井儿洼粗安岩-英安岩、象山花岗闪长岩、青羊沟黑云母二长花岗岩和张家口组流纹岩的锆石年龄、Lu-Hf同位素和地球化学组成进行研究,结合前人研究成果,获得区内古生代-中生代岩浆岩的侵位时期主要为海西期(峰值398Ma和373Ma)、印支期(峰值234Ma)和燕山期(峰值143Ma和130Ma)。张宣地区在古生代-中生代经历了古亚洲洋俯冲、华北克拉通破坏及古太平洋俯冲过程。早古生代时期,古亚洲洋向华北克拉通俯冲;到泥盆纪,白乃庙岛弧带和华北克拉通北缘发生弧陆碰撞,张宣地区处于弧陆碰撞后的伸展环境,富集地幔岩浆上涌并经历了地壳的同化混染和分离结晶的共同作用,形成大量碱性岩;二叠纪末期-三叠纪,各微陆块相互碰撞,张宣地区处于碰撞后伸展阶段,地幔岩浆引起加厚下地壳的部分熔融,基性、酸性岩浆混合,导致区内的基性岩与酸性岩共存;侏罗纪-白垩纪时期,华北克拉通发生减薄,形成区内大范围的侵入岩和火山岩。张宣地区产有大量金矿、铅锌矿、银矿及少量铜矿和钼矿,金矿集中产于宣化-崇礼-赤城交界处,而银铅锌多金属矿则成群成带环绕金矿化集中区分布。成矿时间主要为海西期和燕山期,印支期成矿尚未明确,但成矿潜力巨大。根据地质特征和同位素组成,可将张宣地区的金矿床划分为"东坪式"、"小营盘式"和"张全庄式"三类。古生代-中生代各时期岩浆活动对金成矿均有贡献,大部分金矿床与海西期和燕山期岩浆活动联系密切,多期次成矿及成矿叠加是形成张宣地区大量金矿床的重要因素。     

The metallogenic mechanism of the Dadengge gold polymetallic deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula: Constraints from pyrite Rb-Sr dating,in situ S isotope and trace elementsSCIEI北大核心CSCD

大邓格金多金属矿床是胶东半岛唯一的一个金、银、铅、锌、铜共生的多金属矿床。与胶东金矿床主要分布于华北克拉通东南缘的胶北地体不同,大邓格矿床处于苏鲁-大别造山带最东端的威海超高压变质带。准确限定大邓格矿床的成矿年龄和成矿物质来源对深入理解胶东晚中生代成矿作用及构造背景具有重要意义。本文选取大邓格金多金属矿床主成矿阶段矿石中的黄铁矿开展Rb-Sr同位素定年和原位硫同位素及微量元素分析,以此限定成矿时限、成矿物质来源和成矿机制。结果显示黄铁矿Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄为109.8±1.7Ma(MSWD=1.4),与该区域的钼、铜等有色金属矿床成矿时代一致,略晚于胶东大规模金矿爆发的时代(~120Ma)。主成矿阶段的硫同位素在-1.20‰~6.65‰之间,平均值为5.31‰。黄铁矿中富集Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni等亲硫元素和铁族元素,Co/Ni比值介于0.03~1.36之间。大邓格金多金属矿床在空间上产于伟德山岩体的崮庄岩石单元外围,且成岩、成矿时代一致,表明二者具有密切的成因联系。综合分析认为,胶东早白垩世成矿作用受控于与古太平洋板块俯冲、华北克拉通破坏有关的热隆-伸展构造环境,俯冲板块向东后撤造成了西早东晚的区域成矿时间差异。     

胶东半岛烟台地区杏山北钼矿床地质特征及其找矿预测

杏山北钼矿床为胶东半岛一典型矽卡岩型钼矿床,位于著名牟平乳山金成矿带和蓬莱栖霞金成矿带之间,区域上位于胶东辽东钼成矿带,具有较好的成矿地质条件。通过对比胶东地区其他典型钼矿床地质特征,认为胶东半岛钼矿床存在两期成矿时代;矽卡岩型矿床主要受近EW向断裂构造控制,斑岩型矿床主要受近EW向与NE向断裂复合构造控制。通过物探异常预测,认为杏山北钼矿床深部是寻找矽卡岩型和斑岩型铜钼矿床的有利部位。     

胶东半岛中生代侵入岩浆活动序列及其构造制约

胶东半岛是我国东部中生代花岗质岩石较为发育的地区。通过对该区中生代侵入岩体高精度年代学数据资料分析，建立了区内中生代花岗质岩石3个显著不同的演化序列：晚三叠世（225~205 Ma）幔源型花岗岩、晚侏罗世（160~150 Ma）地壳重熔型花岗岩和早白垩世（130~105 Ma）壳幔混合型花岗岩。通过与辽东和鲁西–徐淮地区中生代岩浆活动年代学格架的对比分析，探讨了华北东部地区中生代岩石圈构造演化和深部地球动力学过程。指出胶辽地区晚侏罗世（160~150 Ma）地壳重熔型花岗岩记录了华北东部一次重要的岩石圈地壳增厚事件，其区域动力学背景可能与古太平洋板块低角度向亚洲大陆俯冲作用密切相关。正是这次增厚作用导致了早白垩世时期岩石圈拆沉减薄和大规模伸展型花岗质岩浆活动。岩石圈地壳增厚和减薄作用过程主导了中国东部中生代陆内构造应力体制的转换和岩浆活动序列。     

A review of the geodynamic setting of large-scale Late Mesozoic gold mineralization in the North China Craton: an association with lithospheric thinning

Abundant gold deposits are distributed along the margins of the North China Craton (NCC). Occurring throughout the Precambrian basement and located in or proximal to Mesozoic granitoids, these deposits show a consistent spatial–temporal association with Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous magmatism and are characterized by quartz lode or disseminated styles of mineralization with extensive alteration of wall rock. Their ages are mainly Early Cretaceous (130–110 Ma) and constrain a very short period of metallogenesis. Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic tracers of ores, minerals and associated rocks indicate that gold and associated metals mainly were derived from multi-sources, i.e., the wall rocks (Precambrian basement and Mesozoic granites) and associated mafic rocks.Previous studies, including high surface heat flow, uplift and later basin development, slow seismic wave speeds in the upper mantle, and a change in the character of mantle xenoliths sampled by Paleozoic to Cenozoic magmas, have been used to suggest that ancient, cratonic mantle lithosphere was removed from the base of the NCC some time after the Ordovician, and replaced by younger, less refractory lithospheric mantle. The geochemistry and isotopic compositions of the mafic rocks associated with gold mineralization (130–110 Ma) indicate that they were derived from an ancient enriched lithospheric mantle source; whereas, the mafic dikes and volcanic rocks younger than 110 Ma were derived from a relatively depleted mantle source, i.e., asthenospheric mantle. According to their age and sources, relation to magmatism and geodynamic framework, the gold deposits were formed during lithospheric thinning. The removal of lithospheric mantle and the upwelling of new asthenospheric mantle induced partial melting and dehydration of the lithospheric mantle and lower crust due to an increase of temperature. The fluids derived from the lower crust were mixed with magmatic and meteoric waters, and resulted in the deposition of gold and associated metals.     

胶东地区东部晚侏罗世花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素特征及其对金成矿构造背景的限定SCIEI北大核心CSCD

胶东地区是目前我国最重要的金矿产地,已累积探明黄金储量接近5000t。金矿在胶东地区分布非常不均,主要集中在胶北地体,而胶东东部地区金矿产出较少。晚侏罗世的玲珑花岗岩是胶北金矿区最重要的赋矿围岩之一。虽然胶东东部同样有晚侏罗世花岗岩发育,但赋存金矿较少,因此前人对东部这些花岗岩体的研究相对较少。本文选取胶东东部的文登岩体和垛崮山岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析,同时收集整理了胶北地体的玲珑岩体数据,通过开展胶东东部及西北部同一时期岩体的差异性研究,为该区金成矿作用的研究提供重要线索。分析结果显示,文登岩体和垛崮山岩体的形成时代为晚侏罗世(~160Ma),与玲珑岩体时代一致。三个岩体均含有较多的三叠纪(~230Ma)和新元古代(~780Ma)的继承锆石,表明晚侏罗世花岗岩的岩浆源区主要为经历了超高压变质作用的扬子板块。不同的是,玲珑岩体中有更多的华北板块物源的年龄记录(~1400Ma、~1700Ma、~2500Ma),垛崮山岩体中这些年龄的继承锆石少于玲珑岩体,而文登岩体更少。文登岩体、垛崮山岩体的新生岩浆锆石ε;(t)值范围分别为-30.7~-20.3和-27.5~-17.9,玲珑岩体的新生岩浆锆石ε;(t)值的变化范围更广,在-29.3~-9.3之间,而且呈现出从文登岩体到垛崮山岩体到玲珑岩体,ε;(160Ma)值逐渐增高的现象。其原因可能是扬子板块与华北板块碰撞后,幔源岩浆底侵并诱发加厚的地壳发生部分熔融,形成花岗岩。在此过程中胶北地体深部受到幔源物质的影响,从而对金及成矿相关元素产生一定的预富集作用,而同时期胶东东部地区未受到明显的地幔物质影响,可能是该区金矿产出较少的原因之一。     

Metallogenic Epoch of Nonferrous Metallic and Silver Deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China and its Geological Significance

As China's most important gold-producing district,the Jiaodong Peninsula also contains copper,lead-zinc,molybdenum(tungsten),and other nonferrous metal ore deposits,but the space-time and genetic relationships with gold deposits remain uncertain.To investigate the temporal relationship between these nonferrous metal and gold ore deposits,We collected the samples from a number of nonferrous metallic and silver deposits and metallogenetic rock bodies in the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula for isotopic dating.The results show that the Re-Os isotopic model ages of the Lengjia molybdenum deposit in Rongcheng range from 114.5± 1.8 Ma to 112.6± 1.5 Ma,with an average age of 113.6± 1.6Ma;the LA-ICP-MS ~(206)Pb/~(238)U ages of 33 zircons in the sericitization porphyritic monzogranite that hosts the Tongjiazhuang silver deposit in Rongcheng range between 122 Ma and 109 Ma,with a weighted mean age of 116.04± 0.95 Ma;the LA-ICP-MS ~(206)Pb/~(238)U ages of 31 zircons in the copper metallogenic pyroxene monzodiorite that hosts the Kuangbei copper deposit in Rongcheng range from126 Ma to 106 Ma,with a weighted mean age of 116.6± 1.7 Ma;and the LA-ICP-MS ~(206)Pb/~(238)U ages of19 zircons in the pyroxene monzodiorite surrounding the Dadengge gold and multimetal deposit in Weihai range from 113 Ma to 110 Ma,with a weighted mean age of 111.7± 0.6 Ma.All these results indicate that the metallogenic ages of the silver and nonferrous metallic deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula are in a limited range from 118 Ma to 111 Ma.Previous studies have demonstrated that the isotopic ages of gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula range from 123 Ma to 110 Ma,while Weideshanian magmatism occurred between 126 Ma to 108 Ma.Both these ranges are grossly consistent with the metallogenic ages of silver and nonferrous metallic deposits in this study,suggesting that the large-scale mineralization occurred in the Early Cretaceous when magmatic activities were strong.This epoch may be linked to the lithosphere thinning and the thermo-upwelling extension in eastern China at that time.In addition,field investigation also shows that gold and nonferrous metallic deposits are distributed nearby the Weideshanian granite,with the nonferrous metallic deposits lying within or surrounding the granite pluton and the gold deposits outside the granite pluton.We propose the following mineralization scenario:In the Early Cretaceous,an intensive lithospheric extension induced partial melting and degassing of the metasomatized lithospheric mantle,which resulted in the formation of mantle-derived fluids enriched in metal elements.During the rapid process of magma ascent and intrusion,crust-derived fluids were activated by the magmatic thermal dome and served to further extract ore-forming materials from the crust.These fluids may have mixed with the mantle-derived fluid to form a crust-mantle mixing-type ore-forming fluid.The high-temperature conditions in the center or in contact with the granitic magmatic thermal dome would have been favorable for the formation of porphyry-type,skarn-type,and hydrothermal-vein-type ores,thus forming a series of Mo(W),Cu,and Pb-Zn deposits in the mid-eastern Jiaodong Peninsula.In contrast,the medium-to low-temperature conditions in the periphery of the magmatic thermal dome would have favored the deposition of gold(silver) ores under the appropriate physiochemical and structural conditions.The metallogenic epoch of the molybdenum,copper,and silver deposits,and their spatio-temporal and genetic relations to the gold deposits,as demonstrated in this study,not only provide important insights to the study of regional metallogeny,our understanding of the metallogenesis of the Jiaodong type gold deposit,and the geodynamic background of the large-scale mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula,but also have practical value in guiding the mineral exploration.     

Potassium–Argon Ages of the Epithermal Gold–Silver Mineralization in the Haenam–Jindo Area,Southwestern Korea

The Haenam–Jindo area, located on the southwestern margin of the Korean Peninsula, was the site of vigorous volcanic activity during the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary periods. Large parts of the area record strong hydrothermal alteration, and there exist many clay–alunite and gold–silver deposits. We undertook potassium–argon (K–Ar) age dating of five mineral samples (including adularia, sericite and alunite) from the Eunsan, Moisan and Gasado epithermal gold–silver deposits in this area. The purities of the samples were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The K–Ar ages of adularia from the Eunsan deposit and adularia and sericite from the Moisan deposit (related to gold–silver mineralization) are 75.0 ± 1.6, 74.7 ± 1.6 and 75.1 ± 1.6 Ma, respectively. The similarity of these ages, combined with the close proximity and similar geochemical characteristics of the deposits, indicates that the mineralization occurred as part of a single hydrothermal system. The K–Ar ages of alunite at the surface and adularia at depth within the Gasado deposit are 82.2 ± 1.9 and 70.7 ± 1.9 Ma, respectively, revealing that the clay–alunite and gold–silver mineralization formed at different ages. K–Ar age data indicate that the gold–silver mineralization in this area occurred mainly at 75–70 Ma, resulting from hydrothermal activity in the Haenam–Jindo area (82–70 Ma). This is the first time that the mineralization of precious metals in Korea has been identified during this period.