大兴安岭根河岩区晚侏罗世火山岩特征及构造环境探讨

大兴安岭根河岩区晚侏罗世火山岩岩石类型主要为火山熔岩及火山碎屑岩.据岩石化学成分火山岩可划分为流纹质、安山质、英安质及粗面质几种类型,并属高钾钙碱性系列.岩石化学、地球化学显示岩浆主要来源于下地壳,并有幔源物质参与;岩石具火山弧的特点,形成于整体挤压大陆边缘并靠近板内一侧的构造环境.     

青海尕林格南地区火山岩地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄

在东昆仑山脉西段祁漫塔格山中东部的尕林格南地区发育一套火山岩,调查显示火山活动爆发相→溢流相相间的韵律周期较明显,见由玄武质含火山角砾凝灰岩→玄武岩、玄武质凝灰岩→安山岩、安山质角砾凝灰岩→安山岩,以及安山质含火山角砾凝灰岩和安山岩质凝灰岩→玄武岩组成的4个韵律。根据研究区安山质火山角砾凝灰岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄222.2±2.1Ma,将该火山岩地层由前人划分的顶志留统—下泥盆统契盖苏组火山岩段重新厘定为上三叠统鄂拉山组。岩石地球化学研究结果表明,该套火山岩属于亚碱性钙碱性系列岩石,具有富钾、同源岩浆演化的特点,并具弧火山岩和碰撞火山岩的地球化学特征,为陆内造山作用下的产物,较好地记录了东昆仑祁漫塔格造山带在晚三叠世岩浆演化的地质信息。     

内蒙古东部建设屯火山岩锆石U-Pb测年、地球化学特征及成因

锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年结果显示,建设屯火山岩形成时代为早三叠世早期（248.4±4.8 Ma）.该套火山岩为一套中性-中酸性的钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列岩石;Na₂O/K₂O平均值为2.04,富钠低钾;A/CNK=0.81~1.40,A/NK=1.48~2.50,为准铝质-过铝质中酸性岩石;Sr>300,Yb=1.37~2.91,δEu平均值为0.62,显示了埃达克质岩石的地球化学特征,原始岩浆应形成于加厚下地壳榴辉岩相物质部分熔融作用.结合同时期建设屯埃达克侵入岩的地球化学特征以及区域构造背景分析,认为建设屯火山岩应是古亚洲洋沿西拉木伦缝合带闭合后,碰撞造山初期加厚的新生下地壳部分熔融作用的产物.     

大兴安岭南段三叠纪基性火山岩时代与构造环境

应用火山岩锆石U-Pb LA-ICPMAS法和基质Ar-Ar法定年,表明大兴安岭南段存在三叠纪玄武质岩石,其年龄为214～250Ma。主量和微量元素地球化学反映三叠纪火山岩为亚碱性和低K拉斑玄武岩系列,部分岩石具岛弧火山岩地球化学性质,但主要呈造山后伸展环境下的岩浆活动特征。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成说明三叠纪基性火山岩岩浆源区主要为岩石圈地幔,但局部地区有软流圈物质加入;岩浆演化过程受部分熔融和分离结晶作用控制,并有少量地壳物质的混染。综合研究表明三叠纪大兴安岭南段处于中亚造山带后造山伸展阶段,基性岩浆形成于软流圈上涌诱发岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,拉斑玄武岩和辉绿玢岩脉即为伸张条件下基性岩浆活动的产物。结合区域构造演化,本文推测西拉木伦河-长春-延吉缝合带可能具有西段造山和造山后伸张作用稍早于东段的特征。     

北淮阳晚侏罗世金刚台组火山岩岩石化学和地球化学特征及构造环境

晚侏罗世金刚台组火山岩分布在北淮阳中生代火山岩带的中部，主要岩石类型为火山碎屑岩类。据岩石化学成分，金刚台组火山岩可划分为安山质、英安质、粗面英安质和流纹质几种类型，并属于高钾钙碱性系列。其岩石化学和地球化学显示岩浆起源于下地壳，并经历了正常的分离结晶作用，有轻微的混染，岩浆开始结晶温度为９３６～１１２２℃，压力约为０２４ＧＰａ。据岩石地球化学方法判别，其构造环境具有类似于火山弧的特点，结合区域构造动力学背景分析，其形成可能与大别山造山带后期的陆内俯冲而引起的陆壳增厚有关     

西藏拉萨地块西段狮泉河地区晚侏罗世花岗岩年代学、地球化学与岩石成因

目前关于拉萨地块西段狮泉河地区中生代岩浆岩的报道相对较少,限制了对该地区中生代岩浆作用的认识.对狮泉河地区石英闪长岩和闪长质包体的锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石学特征与元素地球化学进行了研究.结果显示,寄主石英闪长岩的年龄为161.1±1.7 Ma,闪长质包体的年龄为159.8±1.6 Ma和157.0±1.3 Ma,两者为同期形成.寄主石英闪长岩为I型准铝质中钾-高钾钙碱性系列岩石,具有富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素的特征.闪长质包体为准铝质中钾-高钾钙碱性系列岩石.岩石学、地球化学特征研究表明,该套岩石可能与中侏罗世班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲有关,班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲引起幔源物质发生熔融,上涌的幔源岩浆与拉萨地块古老基底重熔形成的酸性岩浆混合,形成了含闪长质包体的晚侏罗世岩体.      

闽北地区中侏罗世火山岩的发现及其地质意义

中侏罗世火山岩在东南沿海分布极少,但对区域中生代构造-岩浆活动过程及大地构造演化的研究具有重要意义。在闽北地区大面积白垩纪火山岩区调查中,在政和铁山地区发现中侏罗世火山岩,用LA-ICP-MS同位素测试技术测得的锆石U-Pb年龄为173.63±0.80Ma。火山岩属钙碱性系列流纹质熔结凝灰岩,显示过铝质、富钾、富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素等地球化学特征,推断其形成于陆缘弧环境,与古太平洋板块早期俯冲作用有关。     

内蒙古比利亚谷铅锌银矿床地质地球化学特征及成因

比利亚谷铅锌银矿位于海拉尔—根河中生代火山盆地北西缘地区。该矿床赋存于上侏罗统满克头鄂博组酸性火山岩中,受北西向断裂构造控制,主矿体呈脉状产出。赋矿围岩流纹质火山角砾熔岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,其成岩时代为(159.2±1.8)Ma,并依据赋矿围岩与成矿的关系推测成矿时代为晚侏罗世。矿床赋矿围岩流纹质火山角砾熔岩和流纹岩的主量元素具有富硅(68.31%~77.18%)、富钾(3.39%~4.28%)、低钠(0.14%~0.18%)、高铝(11.74%~14.93%)的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列;岩石REE总量较低(93.65×10~(-6)98.94×10~(-6)),以轻稀土相对富集、轻稀土和重稀土分异明显、弱的Ce负异常和Eu负异常为特征;结合岩石具有亏损Sr、高度富集轻稀土等特征认为火山岩产于板内,与其有关的岩浆可能来源于上地幔,并混染了壳源物质。综合本次研究和区域构造演化特征,初步认为矿床形成于鄂霍次克板块剪刀式闭合时期的拉张伸展环境。     

福建早侏罗世火山岩岩石地球化学特征及岩石成因研究

选择较有代表性的永定、平和、长泰—同安、闽清—永泰等地早侏罗世火山岩岩石主量、微量和Sr、Nd同位素分析测试成果,开展岩石地球化学特征对比研究,探讨岩浆起源、演化和不同类别的岩石成因。研究认为,早侏罗世火山岩主要属亚碱性钾质-普通系列,玄武岩属亚碱性高铁拉斑玄武岩系列。玄武岩稀土含量较高,配分曲线与典型OIB玄武岩变化趋势一致;高场强元素(HFSE)除Nb略亏损外,Ti、Zr、Nd具有明显正异常,Ta具有弱正异常;原始地幔标准化曲线位于典型大陆弧玄武岩之上。流纹岩稀土含量高,轻稀土富集,Eu负异常明显,高场强元素Nb、Zr等具有清晰正异常,Ti、P负异常明显。岩石地球化学特征研究表明早侏罗世火山岩岩石成因与地幔岩浆作用有关:基性单元——玄武质岩石岩浆主要来自于软流圈,亏损的地幔源区可能有早期富集岩石圈物质加入或是由于软流圈地幔上涌萃取了岩石圈地幔富集组分。酸性单元——流纹质岩石主要形成于上地壳,但不排除有幔源物质的混合。安山岩-英安岩是底侵的镁铁质岩浆与下地壳部分熔融岩浆混合均一化形成典型的MASH岩浆。早中生代处于印支运动后造山大陆裂解的地球动力学背景,后造山岩石圈伸展拉张致使软流圈减压上涌和部分熔融,所产生的岩浆沿北东向展布的裂解区域喷出地表形成火山岩带。     

内蒙古科尔沁右翼前旗地区满克头鄂博组火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

对内蒙古科尔沁右翼前旗地区满克头鄂博组火山岩的形成时代与地球化学特征进行了研究。对2件典型流纹岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,结果分别为145.9±1.0 Ma和146.0±1.3 Ma,为晚侏罗世。该区满克头鄂博组火山岩属于过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列,具有高Si O2(63.28%～77.40%,平均为71.06%)、高全碱(K2O+Na2O)含量(7.52%～10.14%,平均为8.66%),富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P等特征,显示出壳源岩浆的典型特征。满克头鄂博组流纹质和粗面岩在主微量元素上具有良好的演化趋势,推测是壳源物质部分熔融之后,经历了不同程度的分离结晶作用后喷发形成。同时,该组火山岩具有造山后岩浆作用地球化学特征,结合大兴安岭地区满克头鄂博组时空分布上存在自西南向东北年龄逐渐变新的特点,认为该期火山作用与蒙古-鄂霍次克缝合带闭合后伸展作用密切相关。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)