简谐线源荷载作用下热流固耦合地基的动力响应

基于Biot波动理论和广义热弹性理论,对简谐线源荷载（力荷载和热荷载）作用下的热-流-固耦合地基的动力响应问题进行了研究。将地基看成是均质各向同性、完全饱和的多孔半空间介质,利用无量纲化和Fourier变换方法对热-流-固耦合控制方程进行简化,得到了变换域内应力分量、位移分量、温度分布及超孔隙水压力的一般解,并利用Fourier逆变换得到了相应的积分形式解答。通过数值计算对按热-流-固耦合理论、饱和多孔弹性理论和热弹性理论得到的结果进行了比较,同时分析了热-流-固耦合条件下热荷载激振频率对竖向应力、竖向位移、温度分布以及超孔隙水压力的影响。     

爆轰荷载作用下球空腔热流固耦合动力响应

基于饱和多孔弹性介质热流固耦合动力模型(THMD)及控制方程,研究了爆轰荷载作用下球空腔内壁面受到随时间变化热、力冲击作用下的热流固耦合动力响应。利用Laplace变换技术,对控制方程进行解耦,获得了温度、位移、孔隙水压力和应力积分形式解。采用Laplace逆变换得到数值结果,分析了热流固耦合参数的影响特性,并将热流固耦合结果与热弹性条件下的结果进行比较,以验证热流固耦合条件下结果的正确性。     

横观各向同性饱和地基三维瞬态Lamb问题

研究了横观各向同性饱和土地基在地表动力荷载作用下的三维瞬态响应。基于饱和多孔介质的三维Biot波动理论,利用Laplace变换,建立圆柱坐标系下横观各向同性饱和土的波动方程;解耦波动方程后,根据算子理论,并借助Fourier展开和Hankel变换技术,得到瞬态荷载作用下,饱和土介质的土骨架位移和应力、孔隙水相对位移和孔隙水压力的一般解;利用一般解,给出横观各向同性饱和地基在地表集中荷载激励下的瞬态Lamb问题的解答。数值算例结果表明,采用各向同性饱和介质的动力学模型,不能准确描述具有明显各向异性特性的饱和土地基的瞬态动力特性。     

考虑热-水-力耦合效应多孔弹性地基的动力响应

通过对Biot波动方程的修正,得到考虑热-水-力学耦合效应的多孔弹性介质动力响应的控制方程,研究了简谐均布荷载作用下地基土体的热-水-力耦合动力响应问题。利用Fourier变换技术,得到地基中的应力、位移和孔隙水压力积分形式的解答。利用Fourier逆变换得到数值结果,分析了热-水-力学耦合条件下地基土体中温度增量、应力、位移和孔隙水压力响应的分布,并讨论了热源输入的影响, 结果表明：应力、位移和孔隙水压力随 的增大而有一定的减小。     

Mode of a spherical cavity’s thermo-elastodynamic response in a saturated porous medium for non-torsional loads

The thermo-hydro-elastodynamic model (THED), in which the thermo-osmosis and thermal-filtration phenomenon in a two-phase porous thermoelastic medium can be considered, was previously presented by the authors [Ganbin Liu, Kanghe Xie, Rongyue Zheng. Model of nonlinear coupled thermo-hydro-elastodynamics response for a saturated poroelastic medium. Sci China (Ser E) 2009;52(8):2373–83] and is used in this paper to investigate the thermo-elastodynamic response of a spherical cavity in a saturated poroelastic medium when subjected to a time-dependent non-torsional thermal/mechanical source. The Separated Variable Method is introduced, and the non-zero displacement potentials are expanded in terms of the Legendre polynomial. Solutions for the displacement, temperature increment, pore pressure and stress are obtained in the domain of the Laplace transform. Numerical results are also performed for different modes and are compared with the results of the thermoelastic model (TED) to ascertain the validity and the difference between these two models.     

矩形运动荷载作用下软土地基的三维振动研究

通过引入势函数,并利用Helmholtz原理和Fourier变换技术,研究了运动荷载作用下有限层厚软土地基的振动,考虑了矩形分布荷载作用下振动的三维特性,使得分析更符合工程实际,给出了运动荷载作用下饱和黏弹性地基三维振动的应力、位移和孔隙水压力响应的积分形式解答。利用Fourier数值逆变换进行算例分析,讨论了荷载速度对位移及孔隙水压力分布的影响。结果表明,位移幅值随荷载速度的增加而增大,荷载不同位置处孔隙水压力的分布有很大差异。     

Wave propagation in thermoelastic saturated porous medium

Biot’s theory for wave propagation in saturated porous solid is modified to study the propagation of thermoelastic waves in poroelastic medium. Propagation of plane harmonic waves is considered in isotropic poroelastic medium. Relations are derived among the wave-induced temperature in the medium and the displacements of fluid and solid particles. Christoffel equations obtained are modified with the thermal as well as thermoelastic coupling parameters. These equations explain the existence and propagation of four waves in the medium. Three of the waves are attenuating longitudinal waves and one is a non-attenuating transverse wave. Thermal properties of the medium have no effect on the transverse wave. The velocities and attenuation of the longitudinal waves are computed for a numerical model of liquid-saturated sandstone. Their variations with thermal as well as poroelastic parameters are exhibited through numerical examples.     

运动荷载附近有限层厚软土地基的振动研究

基于Biot多孔弹性介质的波动理论,研究了运动荷载附近软土地基的振动问题。假设一条形均布荷载作用在地基表面,则该模型可视为平面应变问题进行分析。通过引入4个势函数和Helmholtz原理,并利用Fourier变换及逆变换技术,获得了运动荷载作用下软土地基的应力、位移和孔隙水压力的解答。利用离散Fourier逆变换得到数值计算结果,分析了荷载速度,频率以及软土的渗透系数及多孔弹性参数对运动荷载作用下地表竖向位移及土体中任一点孔隙水压力分布的影响。     

简谐荷载作用下饱和土体中圆形衬砌隧道三维动力响应分析

研究了全空间饱和土体中圆形衬砌隧道在径向简谐点荷载作用下的三维动力响应,将衬砌用无限长圆柱壳来模拟,土体用Biot饱和多孔介质模型来模拟,引入两类势函数来表示土骨架的位移和孔隙水压力,并利用修正Bessel方程来求解各势函数,结合边界条件,得到频率-波数域内衬砌和土骨架位移、孔隙水压力的解答,最后进行Fourier逆变换得到时间-空间域内的响应。通过算例分析了荷载振动频率和土体渗透性对土体和衬砌位移响应及土体孔压的影响。结果表明,饱和土体和弹性土体的位移响应具有明显区别。随着荷载频率的增大,土体和隧道位移幅值减小,土体孔压幅值增大;随着土体渗透性增大,土体位移及孔压幅值减小。     

Vertical vibrations of a rigid disk embedded in a poroelastic medium

This paper considers the steady-state vertical vibrations of a rigid circular disk embedded at a finite depth below the free surface of a poroelastic medium. Biot's elastodynamic theory for porous media is used in the analysis. General solutions for axisymmetric poroelastic fields are obtained by using Hankel integral transforms. Analytical solutions for influence functions corresponding to four types of buried axisymmetric excitations are derived. The embedded disk problem is fomulated in terms of a set of coupled integral equations for unknown traction and pore pressure jumps across the disk. The kernel functions of the integral equations are the influence functions corresponding to buried vertical, radial and pore pressure ring loads. The system of integral equations is solved numerically by discretizing the disk into several concentric annular rings. Selected numerical solutions for displacements, vertical stress and pore pressure due to a buried fully flexible disk (uniform pressure) are also presented. The vertical compliances of a rigid disk are examined for different depths of embedment, poroelastic materials and hydraulic boundary conditions. Solutions for traction and pore pressure jumps are also examined. The present results are useful in the study of dynamic response of embedded foundations and anchors in poroelastic soils. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of refracturing in horizontal wells: Insights from the poroelastic displacement discontinuity method

In this paper, a fully coupled 2‐dimensional poroelastic displacement discontinuity method is used to investigate the refracturing process in horizontal wells. One of the objectives of refracturing is to access new reserves by adding new hydraulic fractures in zones that were bypassed in the initial fracturing attempt. Pore pressure depletion in the vicinity of old fractures directly affects the state of stress and eventually the propagation of newly created hydraulic fractures. Thus, a poroelastic analysis is required to identify guidelines for the refracturing process, in particular to understand the extension of the pore pressure depletion, and eventually, the orientation of new as well as old fractures. We propose a fully coupled approach to model the whole process of child fracture propagation in a depleted area between 2 parent fractures in the same wellbore. This approach omits the need of using multistep workflow that is regularly used to model the process. The maximum tensile stress criterion (σ criterion) is used for hydraulic fracture propagation. The proposed method is verified using available analytical solutions for total stress and pore pressure loading modes on a line fracture in drained and undrained conditions. Then, test cases of multifractured horizontal wells are studied to calculate the time evolution of the stress and pore pressure fields around old fractures and to understand the effect of these fields on the propagation path of newly created fractures. Finally, the effect of the pore pressure depletion on the propagation path of the newly created fractures in the bypassed area of the same wellbore is studied. The results show that the depleted areas around old fractures are highly affected by the extent and severity of the stress redistribution and pore pressure depletion. It is observed that a successful creation of new fractures may only happen in certain time frames. The results of this study provide new insights on the behavior of newly created fractures in depleted zones. They also clarify the relationship between stress change and pore pressure depletion in horizontal wells.     

Transient response of a circular cavity in a poroelastic medium

This paper considers the transient response of a pressurized long cylindrical cavity in an infinite poroelastic medium. To obtain transient solutions, Biot's equations for poroelastodynamics are specialized for this problem. A set of exact general solutions for radial displacement, stresses, pore pressure and discharge are derived in the Laplace transform space by using analytical techniques. Solutions are presented for three different types of prescribed transient radial pressures acting on the surface of a permeable as well as an impermeable cavity surface. Time domain solutions are obtained by inverting Laplace domain solutions using a reliable numerical scheme. A detailed parametric study is presented to illustrate the influence of poroelastic material parameters and hydraulic boundary conditions on the response of the medium. Comparisons are also presented with the corresponding ideal elastic solutions to portray the poroelastic effects. It is noted that the maximum radial displacement and hoop stress at the cavity surface are substantially higher than the classical static solutions and differ considerably from the transient elastic solutions. Time histories and radial variations of displacement, hoop stress, pore pressure and fluid discharge corresponding to a cavity in two representative poroelastic materials are also presented.     

冲击荷载作用下软土隧道结构热-流-固耦合动力响应分析

爆炸对结构物的作用可以看成是冲击力和热的共同作用结果。基于Biot热弹性波动理论,利用饱和多孔介质热- 流-固耦合动力响应模型,研究了饱和软黏土中隧道结构内受指数衰减热/力冲击荷载作用下的动力响应。利用Flügge薄壳理论,得到隧道结构的运动方程。考虑土-结构接触面上的协调条件并利用热-流-固耦合动力响应模型的通解,得到了热/力冲击荷载作用下应力、位移和孔隙水压力响应在Laplace变换域中的解。利用Laplace数值逆变换技术得到数值计算结果,探讨了冲击荷载和热荷载作用下隧道结构刚度和厚度对应力、位移和孔隙水压力响应的影响。结果表明：在爆炸冲击荷载作用下,隧洞衬砌对周围土体起到很好的屏蔽作用,且衬砌刚度越大,其保护效果越好;衬砌与土体接触面上应力随衬砌刚度增大而减小,并且刚度越大应力衰减越快;衬砌刚度和厚度对热冲击的位移响应有明显影响,而对其温度响应的影响较小。     

软土地基电渗固结理论分析与数值模拟

电渗固结是加速软土固结、提高地基承载力的有效技术。传统的电渗固结理论假设土体的物理力学、水力学和电学特性均匀稳定,其理论解答与试验结果差别较大。针对电渗固结处理过程,对土体位移场、渗流场和电场的耦合特征进行了理论分析,根据电荷守恒原理、水流连续原理和Biot固结理论,建立了电渗固结过程的多场耦合控制方程;考虑土体相关特性参数的非线性关系,开发了有限元软件用于分析电渗过程中电场强度、土体位移以及超静孔隙水压力的变化特征。计算结果与理论数据吻合较好,能够反映土体相关特性参数非线性关系对结果的影响。软件能够为电渗固结系统设计提供参考依据。     

准饱和土中圆柱形衬砌的瞬态动力响应分析

内源瞬态荷载作用下圆柱形孔洞的动力响应解答是土动力学的经典问题之一。已有研究大都假设孔洞周围土体为理想弹性介质或完全饱和多孔介质。然而,实际工程中不存在完全弹性和完全饱和土体。分别视衬砌结构和周围土体为弹性材料和准饱和多孔介质（饱和度 95%）,根据牛顿第二定律、达西定律和Biot波动理论推导出准饱和土体的控制方程。根据边界条件导出衬砌和土体的位移、应力和孔隙压力的Laplace变换空间的解答。利用反Laplace变换数值计算方法,将解答转换为时域解。分析了饱和度对衬砌位移、应力和孔压的影响,结果表明,当95% 99%时,饱和度对径向位移和切向应力的影响较小;99% 100%时,饱和度对径向位移和切向应力的影响较大;但饱和度对孔隙压力的影响远大于对径向位移和切向应力的影响。得出位移、应力和孔压沿径向的衰减规律,当95% 99%时,饱和度对径向位移和切向应力沿径向衰减影响较小,99% 100%时,饱和度对径向位移和切向应力沿径向衰减影响较大,但饱和度对孔压沿径向的衰减影响远大于对径向位移和切向应力沿径向的衰减。     

水平简谐荷载作用下层状饱和土体动力响应

根据Biot波动理论,采用传递、反射矩阵（TRM）方法研究了水平简谐荷载作用下层状饱和土动力响应问题。由Helmholtz矢量分解求出基本解,再利用TRM法推导了层状饱和土动力响应,并由数值Hankel逆变换得到层状土地基位移、应力及孔压在空间域内的解。利用计算结果与已有结果相比较,二者相吻合,验证了算法的正确性。算例分析表明,水平简谐荷载作用在有软弱夹层的层状土体中比均质土中具有更显著的动力响应,尤其是软夹层上下有硬土层时,会引起软弱夹层土体孔隙水压升高、位移幅值增大、土体波动性增强;而荷载作用硬夹层及夹层上下有软土层时,情况则相反。     

层状地基中单桩负摩擦问题积分方程解法

利用Biot固结理论和积分方程方法研究了表面有堆载的层状地基中单桩负摩擦问题。根据层状饱和土的圆形载荷基本解得出了单桩在圆形均布载荷作用下在时间域内的第二类Fredholm积分方程组。运用Laplace变换对上述积分方程组进行简化。再结合传递和刚度矩阵传递到各个层中去,对变换域内的积分方程采用Schapery 逆变换方法得到时域内单桩的近似积分方程。求解积分方程组并进行相应的数值逆变换,就可得出层状地基中的单桩在表面圆形均布载荷作用下的位移、轴力、孔压和桩侧摩阻力随时间的变化情况。计算结果表明,桩侧剪力和孔压分层明显。     

横观各向同性土体中压力隧洞的应力和位移计算

基于Biot固结理论,考虑了土体和孔隙流体压缩性,通过对控制方程的解耦,得到在横观各向同性饱和土体中圆形隧洞边界上作用随时间变化的轴对称荷载或流体压力所引起的应力、位移和孔隙水压力场在拉普拉斯变换域中的解析表达式,运用拉普拉斯数值逆变换进行算例分析,得到在时间域中的解,讨论了单级加载和循环加载对计算结果的影响,并与瞬时加载条件下的结果进行了比较。同时也分析了土体的横观各向同性性质对应力、位移和孔隙水压力场的影响。     

饱和土体中排桩对移动荷载的被动隔振效果分析

利用Muki和Sternberg的虚拟桩法,研究了饱和土体地基中排桩对移动荷载引起振动的被动隔振效果。隔振桩作为一维杆,饱和土体满足Biot理论。利用已有的移动荷载作用下的饱和土体的自由波场解及饱和土体内部受竖向圆形分布荷载作用下的基本解,建立了频域内土-桩的第2类Fredholm积分方程。通过Fourier逆变换得到时间域内评价隔振效果的振幅比。与已知文献结果相比较,验证了方法的正确性。数值结果表明,荷载速度对排桩的隔振效果有一定影响,即在相同隔振系统情况下,单排桩对低速荷载引起振动的隔振效果比高速移动荷载效果好。同时,较高速时的最佳桩长比低速时要短。     

不同应力路径下超固结黏土试样变形局部化分析

基于改进伏斯列夫面超固结黏土三维本构模型,利用有限元软件ABAQUS材料子程序接口,采用回映应力更新算法,实现了该模型在有限元分析中的应用。通过该模型与比奥固结理论的耦合,对超固结比为8的超固结黏土在三轴压缩、三轴伸长及平面应变应力条件下的变形局部化问题,进行了水-土耦合弹塑性有限元分析。分析结果表明：剪切带带内、带外点经历不同应力路径;剪切带带外单元经历了体缩、剪胀及被吸水体缩过程,而剪切带带内单元一直保持剪胀趋势;剪切带的形成伴随着剪胀,剪切带内、外出现了负的孔压,且孔压的分布也具有局部化特性。关于剪切带带内、外的孔隙水压及体变变化趋势与剪切速率有关,而平面应变介于三轴压缩与三轴伸长之间,但平面应变较早出现剪切带。孔隙水的迁移速度影响剪切带带内单元的剪胀,进而影响剪切带的形成及发展;而围压和弱单元位置也对剪切带的形成也有影响。