粤西河台金矿床富硫化物含金石英脉锆石U-Pb 测年及成矿意义

河台金矿是一个强烈受韧性剪切带控制的金矿床,金的成矿主要发生在热液蚀变成矿期的金石英脉阶段和金硫化物阶段,形成的矿石有蚀变糜棱岩型和富硫化物石英脉型.富硫化物含金石英脉中单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素测年显示早加里东期是河台金矿床主成矿期,成矿年龄为492±16Ma;矿区燕山期伍村花岗岩的单颗粒锆石年龄为153.6±2.1Ma;结合已有的同位素资料,认为河台金矿床是华南加里东期构造-变质-岩浆作用及成矿作用的一个组成部分,是一个早加里东期造山作用同期的造山带型金矿床,并可能有燕山期的热液叠加成矿作用.     

粤西河台金矿锆石SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义

河台金矿是一个受剪切带控制的金矿床,成矿作用分为韧性剪切变质成矿期的韧性剪切变质成矿作用阶段和热液蚀变成矿期的金硅化石英脉阶段、金硫化物阶段以及方铅矿闪锌矿碳酸盐脉阶段,金的成矿主要发生在热液蚀变成矿期的金石英脉阶段和金硫化物阶段。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年显示赋矿围岩混合岩中继承性锆石的核部和幔部年龄为343.9~1732Ma,代表形成混合岩原岩的源区岩石的年龄;继承性锆石边部和混合岩化变质作用中新生锆石的年龄平均值为239.6±3.9Ma,属印支期,为混合岩化变质作用的年龄,这一年龄与印支期印支板块与扬子板块、扬子板块与华北板块的碰撞时代相一致,证实在中国华南存在印支期的混合岩化变质作用。韧性剪切变质成矿作用的年龄小于混合岩化变质作用的年龄(239.6±3.9Ma);富硫化物含金石英脉中热液锆石普通铅含量高,为0.65%~2.27%,Th/U值变化围很小,为0.306~0.557,其年龄为152.5±3.1Ma,属燕山期,代表河台金矿主成矿期年龄。     

胶东地区破碎带蚀变岩型金矿时代的测定及其地质意义

通过对胶东半岛西北部超大型破碎带蚀变岩型金矿 -新城金矿的强烈热液交代成因黄铁绢英岩 Rb- Sr等时线法测年 ,获得 116 .6± 5 .3Ma成矿年龄。结合本区焦家、仓上等大型 -超大型金矿蚀变矿物、石英流体包裹体的 Rb- Sr等时线年龄、K- Ar年龄 (10 5± 7Ma;10 6± 2 Ma;113.5± 0 .6 Ma)等前人成果 ,确定胶东半岛西北部破碎带蚀变岩型金矿成矿时代主要集中在 10 0～ 117Ma。与围岩花岗岩、花岗闪长岩的成岩年龄 (16 0～ 15 0 Ma;130～ 12 6 Ma)存在着近 10 Ma的时差 ,并根据(87Sr/ 86 Sr) i比值以及已有的 C、H、O稳定同位素资料表明 ,即使成矿物质部分来源于围岩花岗岩类 ,但成矿作用与岩浆活动无明显的成因关系 ,而是深部循环的大气降水或幔源 C- H - O流体参与成矿作用的结果     

柴北缘双口山金- 银- 铅矿床赋矿围岩及含金石英脉热液锆石U- Pb定年对成矿时代的限定及其成因启示

双口山金- 银- 铅矿床地处柴北缘西段,赋存在滩间山变基性- 超基性变火山岩中。矿体由金矿体和银铅矿体组成,成矿作用与热液活动密切相关。本文通过对双口山含金矿体赋矿围岩及含金石英脉进行LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年代学分析和研究。结果表明,赋矿围岩形成时代为443±2. 9Ma,与区域滩间山群火山岩形成年代一致(440~490Ma)。含金石英脉热液锆石U- Pb年代为402. 8±4. 2Ma,与区域金矿床成矿年龄以及韧性剪切带年龄相接近(~400Ma),代表了金矿体热液作用及成矿时代。结合地质特征及前人研究,表明双口山金银铅矿床是柴北缘造山带在不同造山带演化阶段,由不同成矿作用,在不同时期,相互叠加形成的复合型多金属矿床。金矿体具有典型造山型金矿床特征的变质热液型金矿,其成因主要与造山运动过程中的变质和变形作用有关, 成矿物质和流体来源于绿片岩相的滩间山群变基性- 超基性变火山岩。银铅矿体为岩浆热液型,成矿与后碰撞造山作用伸展- 构造转换有关的岩浆作用有关,成矿物质和流体来源于晚泥盆世深部含矿岩浆作用。     

四川缅萨洼金矿两类矿石绢云母^40Ar／^39Ar年龄及其地质意义

缅萨洼金矿位于扬子地台西缘龙门山锦屏山造山带南段,扬子地台与松潘甘孜造山带的过渡地带,是与剪切带有关的金矿床.本文通过对蚀变花岗岩和含金石英脉两类矿石中的绢云母进行40Ar/39Ar快中子活化年龄测试,获得蚀变花岗岩中绢云母坪年龄和等时线年龄分别为23.31±0.07 Ma和23.26±0.42 Ma;含金石英脉中绢云母的坪年龄和等时线年龄分别为22.98±0.31 Ma和22.58±0.31 Ma.这些数据表明缅萨洼金矿成矿作用主要发生在23 Ma左右,这对于认识扬子地台西缘金矿床形成的地球动力学背景具有重要意义.     

北祁连山白山子花岗闪长岩成岩时代

寒山大型金矿是近年来在北祁连山西段发现的与侵人岩有关的构造蚀变岩型金矿。笔者首次利用锆石U-Pb方法测得白山子花岗闪长岩的形成年龄为370±25 Ma，属于华力西期。寒山金矿的成矿主要在213.95~339 Ma间。在多期热液叠加，多期成矿作用中，早期成矿的热液很可能是白山子花岗闪长岩（370±25 Ma) ,寒山辉长岩(347.1±6. 4 Ma）共同提供的。由于该区有较多的中酸性岩体存在，它们可能为金的主要来源，因而，确定这些侵入体的形成年龄，对于在该区寻找蚀变岩型金矿不仅有重要的理论意义，而且有重要的现实意义。     

湖南雪峰山地区铲子坪和大坪金矿成矿作用年代学研究

湘西铲子坪和大坪等大型金矿是雪峰山地区颇具代表性的金矿床。本次研究获得该两矿床含金石英脉RbSr等时线年龄分别为205.6±9.4Ma和204.8±6.3Ma,矿区外围黄茅园黑云母花岗岩体锆石SHRIMP UPb年龄为222.3±1.7Ma,测定结果表明成岩和成矿作用均发生于印支期,成矿作用可能与区域性逆冲推覆作用及相伴生的酸性岩浆侵位密切相关;矿床成因类型应为岩浆热液型,而不宜归为韧性剪切带型或构造蚀变岩型。     

平顶山岩金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

黑龙江嘉荫平顶山岩金矿床的地质特征、形成条件和成因类型的研究表明:矿区内不同阶段的细晶闪长岩、闪长玢岩形成一个含金矿体的脉岩带;矿床范围内圈定5条呈脉状沿北北东向展布的矿体;矿石类型为石英脉型和蚀变岩型;金以裂隙金、晶隙金和明金为主,以银金矿的形式存在,且主要与石英、黄铁矿、毒砂和水云母共生;成矿作用分为热液期及表生期,其中热液期又分为4个成矿阶段,即纯石英阶段,黄铁矿毒砂石英阶段,黄铁矿毒砂水云母石英阶段和石英碳酸盐阶段。金矿体形成于Ⅱ、Ⅲ热液活动阶段,第Ⅲ阶段为主成矿期,成矿温度为100℃~180℃;金矿床的成因类型为岩浆中低温热液金矿床,形成于晚燕山期。     

新疆额尔齐斯金成矿带的40Ar/39Ar年龄及其地质意义

额尔齐斯大型剪切构造带是目前阿尔泰古生代造山带内最重要的金成矿带。对其玛尔卡库里段的多拉那萨依和赛都两个剪切带型金矿床含金蚀变岩中的云母类矿物进行了 4 0 Ar/39Ar快中子活化法同位素测年 ,获得坪年龄分别为 2 92 .8± 1.0 Ma和 2 89.2± 3.1Ma,对应的等时线年龄分别为 2 93.1± 4 .8Ma和 2 91.9± 8.4 Ma,表明含金剪切带韧脆性剪切活动的时代或主成矿期为 2 90 Ma左右。结合区域地质资料说明控矿剪切带经历了由深部构造层次的韧性变形到浅部构造层次的韧脆性变形的演化过程 ,并伴随两次构造—岩浆热事件 ,而成矿作用主要发生于造山带构造演化的后碰撞伸展构造环境 ,与晚阶段的构造—岩浆作用有关     

穆龙套金矿地质和地球化学

总结了世界最大造山型金矿穆龙套金矿（黄金储量〉6100t）的地质、地球化学特征。穆龙套金矿的赋矿围岩为晚奥陶世早志留世黑色碳质页岩,矿床产于剪切带和断裂的交汇部位,受韧性剪切带控制。下部有强烈蚀变的白岗岩（约287Ma）,矿体北部‘出露火成岩岩墙（273～286Ma）。金主要赋存于石英脉中,矿石及其围岩蚀变组合的地球化学特征指示了岩浆流体对成矿作用的贡献,但流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体中绝大多数He来自地壳,惰性气体主要来自大气。金矿年龄被确定为约275Ma（SmNd等时线）、226～254Ma（绢云母40Ar／39Ar坪年龄）和约290Ma（毒砂Re-Os）。在有限的地区内短时期形成巨型金矿需要特殊的机制和长期的流体演化过程。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the