北天山巴音沟蛇绿岩斜长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP测年及其意义

北天山巴音沟蛇绿岩中斜长花岗岩仅产于辉长岩顶部,二者呈突变或渐变接触关系。本文应用SHRIMP方法对斜长花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb定年,获得了324.8±7.1Ma(2σ)的年龄,这一年龄精确反映了巴音沟蛇绿岩形成于早石炭世。巴音沟蛇绿岩代表了天山晚古生代“红海型”洋盆的地质记录。     

蛇绿岩及蛇绿岩中浅色岩的SHRIMP U-Pb测年

文中简要评述了蛇绿岩的层状辉长岩,斜长岩和斜长花岗岩,以橄榄岩为主岩的花岗岩和蛇绿岩中的埃达克岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄的地质意义。层状辉长岩(或堆晶层状辉长岩)通常起源于洋脊下的岩浆房,因而它的形成年龄代表洋壳形成的时代。斜长岩与层状辉长岩的时代相近或略晚。斜长花岗岩年龄的解释极其依赖锆石组成和地球化学证据。橄榄岩为主岩的花岗岩,可能记录蛇绿岩的侵位时代。蛇绿岩中的埃达克岩是消减洋壳在深部的部分熔融的产物。文中发表了新疆扎河坝蛇绿岩SHRIMP定年的中间成果,并简略地介绍了滇川西部金沙江和内蒙古图林凯等地的研究实例。根据层状辉长岩的测定结果,扎河坝蛇绿岩形成于(489±4)Ma,金沙江蛇绿岩形成于(328±8)Ma。内蒙古图林凯蛇绿岩中埃达克岩形成于(467±13)Ma～(429±7)Ma。块状辉长岩、斜长花岗岩和橄榄岩为主岩的花岗质岩石记录了蛇绿岩的复杂演化。新疆扎河坝蛇绿岩中的块状辉长岩中存在多组锆石年龄值。较老的一组为468～511 Ma,与层状辉长岩和斜长岩相似,记录了蛇绿岩或洋壳的形成时代,但是,岩石中的大部分锆石年龄为396～419 Ma,加权平均年龄为(406±4)Ma,可能反映了一次部分熔融事件。滇川西部金沙江蛇绿岩中的斜长花岗岩的形成年龄为约300～285Ma,晚于层状辉长岩和?     

北天山巴音沟蛇绿岩形成于早石炭世:来自辉长岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄的证据

北天山巴音沟蛇绿岩中堆晶辉长岩的LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年结果确定:巴音沟蛇绿岩中辉长岩形成的同位素地质年代为344.0±3.4Ma。表明巴音沟蛇绿岩所代表的洋盆形成于早石炭世。综合前人天山石炭纪蛇绿岩及构造演化的研究成果,笔者认为巴音沟蛇绿岩是大陆板内强烈拉张的产物。     

吉尔吉斯南天山Djanydjer蛇绿混杂岩地质特征及辉长岩年代学研究

位于吉尔吉斯斯坦南天山缝合带附近的Djanydjer蛇绿混杂岩由蛇纹石化橄榄岩、辉长岩、玄武岩、硅质岩等组成。通过对辉长岩中锆石U Pb年代学研究获得两组年龄：(422.0±2.0) Ma (MSWD=1.2),(397.3±3.9) Ma (MSWD=0.6)。结合境内外南天山蛇绿混杂岩的年代学特征,认为前者代表辉长岩的形成时代,表明分割吉尔吉斯斯坦中天山和塔里木克拉通的洋盆在晚志留世早期已经存在。由辉长岩中获得的中泥盆世年龄可能与洋壳闭合蛇绿岩构造侵位或后期花岗质岩浆侵入作用相关。与Djanydjer蛇绿混杂岩产出于同一构造带上的变质沉积岩组合,一直以来被认为是前寒武纪的变质地体,文中对其中的白云母石英片岩的研究发现,其碎屑锆石记录了较宽的年龄范围（406~2 856 Ma）。通过与阿特巴什变质硬砂岩中的碎屑锆石和塔里木克拉通岩浆锆石的比较发现,白云母石英片岩与包裹榴辉岩的变质杂岩相似,原岩的沉积时代不早于早泥盆世,其部分物源可能来自吉尔吉斯中天山-北天山。     

新疆南天山大地构造研究新进展

扼要介绍了笔近期在南天山在地构造研究方面取得的新成果：①发现晚志留世单笔石化石；②根据黑云母透闪石石英片岩等６０６Ｍａ的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄，确认库尔干前寒武纪构造窗；③根据蛇绿混杂岩硅质岩中放射虫化石时代和辉长岩斜长石单矿物＾４０Ａｒ／＾３９Ａｒ法高温坪年龄３３３．５１±８．７７Ｍａ，确认南天山存在晚古生代蛇绿岩。     

藏北羌塘中部日湾茶卡地区堆晶岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

在藏北羌塘中部日湾茶卡地区发现蛇绿混杂岩,岩石单元包括堆晶辉长岩、辉长岩岩墙、玄武岩等。通过对该蛇绿岩中堆晶辉长岩的地球化学研究发现,它们属于E-MORB型,与桃形湖和果干加年山地区的蛇绿岩比较相似。堆晶辉长岩(R12T11)中用于LA-ICP-MS定年的锆石具有明显的Ce正异常和Eu负异常,属于典型的岩浆成因锆石;12个测试点的年龄加权平均值为442.7Ma±3.4Ma,表明日湾茶卡蛇绿岩形成于早志留世。日湾茶卡蛇绿岩是龙木错—双湖—澜沧江缝合带内一处新的早古生代洋壳残片,将为进一步揭示龙木错—双湖—澜沧江洋的构造演化提供新依据。     

青海尖扎—同仁地区隆务峡蛇绿岩的形成时代及意义——来自辉长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄的证据

隆务峡蛇绿岩位于青海省同仁县,大地构造位置处于西秦岭和南祁连造山带的结合部位。蛇绿岩年代学对于研究造山带构造演化和恢复古洋-陆板块构造格局至关重要。对隆务峡蛇绿岩中的辉长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为250.1Ma±2.2Ma(MSWD=0.7),代表了辉长岩的结晶年龄,表明隆务峡蛇绿岩是晚二叠世—早三叠世西秦岭与南祁连之间古洋盆扩张过程中岩浆活动的产物。而呈岩株侵入到蛇绿岩中的花岗闪长岩的年龄(244Ma±1.4Ma)晚于蛇绿岩中辉长岩的年龄,但早于区域上大量存在的印支期花岗岩,可能记录了蛇绿岩的侵位时代。     

甘新交界红柳河蛇绿岩形成和侵位年龄的准确限定及大地构造意义

采用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年方法,获得新甘交界红柳河蛇绿岩中的堆晶辉长岩年龄为516.2±7.1Ma,代表了红柳河蛇绿岩的形成年龄;侵入到红柳河蛇绿岩中未变形变质的黑云母花岗岩的年龄为404.8±5.2Ma,限定了红柳河蛇绿岩侵位的上限。作为南天山洋壳的残骸,红柳河蛇绿岩新的可靠年龄数据表明,南天山洋在早寒武世已经开始形成,并于早泥盆世埃姆斯阶之前在红柳河地区已经闭合。上述洋盆演化过程对进一步研究东天山的大地构造演化具有重要的意义。     

南天山库勒湖蛇绿岩地球化学特征及其年龄

南天山库勒湖蛇绿岩的形成环境和时代一直存有争议。本文通过对蛇绿岩基性熔岩的主量、微量和同位素地球化学研究,结果表明库勒湖蛇绿岩具N-MORB特征,推测其形成于小洋盆环境。基性辉长岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学的研究表明425±8Ma古亚洲洋南缘南天山一带存在一小洋盆。     

东天山大草滩北镁铁超镁铁岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

为探讨新疆北天山古生代大地构造格架及其演化,对吐哈盆地南缘古生代天窗新发现的大草滩北镁铁-超镁铁岩进行了地球化学和U-Pb定年研究。结果表明,该镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石由玄武岩、辉长岩、辉橄岩、辉石岩和蛇纹石化超基性岩组成。其轻稀土富集、重稀土相对亏损,有较弱的同化混染作用,玄武岩具有岛弧火山岩和洋中脊火山岩双重特性,可能与康古尔蛇绿岩一样产于弧后盆地环境的蛇绿岩(SSZ型)。本次研究获得的辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石~(206)Pb/U~(238)年龄为416.5±4 Ma,为晚志留世,说明古亚洲洋初始主碰撞持续到志留纪晚期。     

Ordovician volcanic and plutonic complexes of the Sakmara allochthon in the southern Urals

The Ordovician terrigenous, volcanic–sedimentary and volcanic sequences that formed in rifts of the active continental margin and igneous complexes of intraoceanic suprasubduction settings structurally related to ophiolites are closely spaced in allochthons of the Sakmara Zone in the southern Urals. The stratigraphic relationships of the Ordovician sequences have been established. Their age and facies features have been specified on the basis of biostratigraphic and geochronological data. The gabbro–tonalite–trondhjemite complex and the basalt–andesite–rhyolite sequence with massive sulfide mineralization make up a volcanic–plutonic association. These rock complexes vary in age from Late Ordovician to Early Silurian in certain structural units of the Sakmara Allochthon and to the east in the southern Urals. The proposed geodynamic model for the Ordovician in Paleozoides of the southern Urals reconstructs the active continental margin, whose complexes formed under extension settings, and the intraoceanic suprasubduction structures. The intraoceanic complexes display the evolution of a volcanic arc, back-, or interarc trough.     

Tectonic entities connection between West Junggar (NW China) and East Kazakhstan

West Junggar (NW China) and East Kazakhstan are situated in the southwest of the Central Asian orogenic belt (CAOB). Tectonic entities in the two areas share the same tectonic evolution history and make up the famous horseshoe-shaped orocline in Central Asia. This paper presents a newly compiled cross-border tectonic sketch map of West Junggar and East Kazakhstan and proposes the extension of the Chingiz–Tarbagatai belt and the North Balkhash-West Junggar belt.The Chingiz–Tarbagatai Belt in East Kazakhstan consists mainly of Middle-Late Ordovician differentiated volcanic rocks, pyroclastic sediments and flysch; while in the Tarbagatai Mountain in China, Tarbagatai (Kujibai) ophiolite is newly found with zircon (gabbro) age of 478 ± 3 Ma and the Ordovician flysch metamorphosed to a greenschist facies is distinguished from Devonian–Carboniferous rock associations. Therefore, the Early Paleozoic Chingiz–Tarbagatai belt of East Kazakhstan evidently extends to the northern part of West Junggar along the Tarbagatai orogenic belt.The North Balkhash-West Junggar belt lying south to the Chingiz–Tarbagatai belt is separated by the EW-trending Baiyanghe–Heshituoluogai depression in West Junggar. Early Ordovician–Early Silurian ophiolitic fragments and related pyroclastic sediments are widely exposed in Tekturmas, North Balkhash and Agadyr of East Kazashtan. Similarly, Early Paleozoic ophiolites have also been verified in Tangbale, Mayile, Baerluke, Darbut and Karamay of West Junggar in recent years. Therefore, nearly all ophiolites in West Junggar and East Kazakhstan are proved to have formed in Early Paleozoic, which suggests that the evolution of the paleo-ocean in the two areas reached its peak in the Early Paleozoic. Based on the ages of the Tangbale, Karamay and Hongguleleng ophiolites, an Early Paleozoic continental accretionary belt extending from Tangbale to Hongguleleng is determined at the NW margin of the Junggar basin for the first time. According to spatiotemporal comparison, ophiolites exposed in West Junggar and East Kazakhstan might originate from the same paleo-ocean tectonic region, and then the North Balkhash in East Kazakhstan and the West Junggar were offset for a long distance with respect to each other by the major Junggar dextral fault.Because of the large-scale accretion of continental crust before Silurian, the Late Paleozoic ocean in West Junggar and East Kazakhstan became smaller with residual nature, and extensive arc-basin-trench systems might be absent during the closure of this residual ocean.     

金沙江缝合带西段蛇绿岩与弧火山岩成对性关系——来自地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄证据

对金沙江缝合带西段青海治多地区的多彩蛇绿混杂岩和当江荣中酸性岛弧火山岩进行了研究,野外地质剖面显示,蛇绿岩主要由辉长岩、堆晶辉长岩和玄武岩组成,缺少地幔橄榄岩单元。通过对蛇绿岩内部细粒辉长岩、基性熔岩的地球化学测试及堆晶辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年发现,基性熔岩可分为2种类型,即洋岛玄武岩OIB型和MORB-IAT型。前者并非蛇绿岩组分,为构造就位时带入;后者为过渡类型,具有典型洋中脊—岛弧蛇绿岩地球化学特征。辉长岩具有明显的TNT槽等岛弧信号,与类型二均属于蛇绿岩成分。测得的堆晶辉长岩中锆石U-Pb年龄为252.50Ma±0.58Ma(MSWD=0.95),是蛇绿岩的形成年龄。研究认为,多彩蛇绿岩与当江荣火山岩具有成对性关系,结合造山带沟—弧—盆体系构造格局,认为前者形成于岛弧偏海沟的弧前构造背景,是晚二叠世金沙江洋持续俯冲的产物。     

青海可可西里地区蛇绿岩的时代及形成环境

青海可可西里地区发现两条蛇绿混杂岩带,它们沿逆冲带分布。古生物、地层和同位素定年资料表明其时代为早石炭世-早二叠世。其岩石组合代表大洋岩石圈残迹。镁铁质岩主要形成于洋岛环境。硅质岩形成于深海、半深海环境,部分生成于洋岛或洋脊附近热水活动区。这是一套弧前蛇绿混杂岩,是古特提斯洋壳俯冲过程中形成的增生楔。这些资料表明,可可西里地区至少在早石炭世就已存在古特提斯洋,洋盆中有一些洋岛,洋盆在早二叠世末期基本闭合。     

A brief review of ophiolites in China

Ophiolites are widely distributed in western, southwestern and northern China, where they fall into four principal age groups; Neoproterozoic, Early Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic–Cenozoic. Neoproterozoic ophiolites are known only in the North Qinling orogenic belt, in NE Jiangxi Province and in western Sichuan Province. Phanerozoic ophiolites are grouped into the Paleo-Asian, Tethyan and Circum-Pacific series. The Paleo-Asian ophiolites crop out in the western and northern parts of China between the Siberian and North China Blocks, and range in age from early to late Paleozoic. All of these ophiolites are of the Franciscan (formerly Cordilleran) type and many are superimposed on one another, suggesting repeated accretion of arc assemblages in an environment similar to the present-day western Pacific Ocean. Mediterranean-type (formerly Tethyan-type) ophiolites are confined to SW China, particularly Tibet and Yunnan Province. Paleo-Tethyan ophiolites are characterized by MORB-type lavas and are typically bounded by old continental lithosphere, suggesting that they formed in small, intercontinental ocean basins. Neo-Tethyan ophiolites contain a range of lava types including MORB, IAT and boninite, indicating formation in a variety of suprasubduction zone (SSZ) environments. Circum-Pacific ophiolites occur sporadically in Taiwan and NE China, where they form tectonic mélanges composed mainly of metaperidotite, gabbro and basalt.     

大兴安岭北部新林地区倭勒根群大网子组锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

大兴安岭位于中亚造山带的东段,自北向南划分为额尔古纳地块、兴安地块和松嫩地块。倭勒根群主体分布于额尔古纳地块,前人将其归属为新元古代-早寒武世。对新林地区倭勒根群大网子组的上部变火山岩段和下部变沉积岩段进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。测试结果显示：上部变火山岩的形成年龄为（430.7±4.1）Ma,属早志留世;下部变沉积岩中碎屑锆石的最小峰值年龄为（480.1±2.9） Ma,指示其沉积时间不早于早奥陶世。综合文献资料确定：新林地区倭勒根群浅变质岩系是一套时间跨距从寒武纪到早志留世的岩石地层组合,而非新元古代-早寒武世;新林蛇绿岩的构造侵位时间不早于早奥陶世;新林地区的大网子组、兴隆沟地区的早奥陶世沉积与多宝山-伊尔施早奥陶世火山弧构成了大兴安岭北部地区的早奥陶世弧-盆体系。     

北祁连边麻沟粉砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素特征

北祁连走廊南山边麻沟-大岔大坂一带保存了记录新元古代-晚古生代地质演化的众多构造-岩石单元。在边麻沟柴达诺岛弧花岗岩体之上, 不整合覆盖了一套由硅泥质岩、粉砂岩、杂砂岩、砾岩共同组成的浊流沉积组合, 其沉积时代缺乏可靠证据, 沉积物源区和构造属性也缺乏研究。粉砂岩中碎屑锆石具有典型岩浆锆石结构特征, 主要集中于529~484 Ma和466~442 Ma两个年龄群, 最年轻碎屑锆石为425 Ma。结合锆石Hf同位素特征和区域已有同位素年代学资料, 认为这些粉砂岩中的碎屑锆石主要来自柴达诺花岗岩体(516~505 Ma), 其次来自北祁连奥陶-志留纪岛弧中酸性岩浆岩, 少数来自寒武纪蛇绿岩及中元古代基底岩石。综合研究分析认为, 边麻沟浊积岩可能形成于志留纪弧前残余海盆环境。     

Contributions of basaltic underplating to crustal growth in island arc and extensional tectonic settings in the Chinese Tianshan Orogenic Belt,NW China

A mafic–ultramafic intrusive belt comprising Silurian arc gabbroic rocks and Early Permian mafic–ultramafic intrusions was recently identified in the western part of the East Tianshan, NW China. This paper discusses the petrogenesis of the mafic–ultramafic rocks in this belt and intends to understand Phanerozoic crust growth through basaltic magmatism occurring in an island arc and intraplate extensional tectonic setting in the Chinese Tianshan Orogenic Belt (CTOB). The Silurian gabbroic rocks comprise troctolite, olivine gabbro, and leucogabbro enclosed by Early Permian diorites. SHRIMP II U-Pb zircon dating yields a 427 ± 7.3 Ma age for the Silurian gabbroic rocks and a 280.9 ± 3.1 Ma age for the surrounding diorite. These gabbroic rocks are direct products of mantle basaltic magmas generated by flux melting of the hydrous mantle wedge over subduction zone during Silurian subduction in the CTOB. The arc signature of the basaltic magmas receives support from incompatible trace elements in olivine gabbro and leucogabbro, which display enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and prominent depletion in Nb and Ta with higher U/Th and lower Ce/Pb and Nb/Ta ratios than MORBs and OIBs. The hydrous nature of the arc magmas are corroborated by the Silurian gabbroic rocks with a cumulate texture comprising hornblende cumulates and extremely calcic plagioclase (An up to 99 mol%). Troctolite is a hybrid rock, and its formation is related to the reaction of the hydrous basaltic magmas with a former arc olivine-diallage matrix which suggests multiple arc basaltic magmatism in the Early Paleozoic. The Early Permian mafic–ultramafic intrusions in this belt comprise ultramafic rocks and evolved hornblende gabbro resulting from differentiation of a basaltic magma underplated in an intraplate extensional tectonic setting, and this model would apply to coeval mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the CTOB. Presence of Silurian gabbroic rocks as well as pervasively distributed arc felsic plutons in the CTOB suggest active crust-mantle magmatism in the Silurian, which has contributed to crustal growth by (1) serving as heat sources that remelted former arc crust to generate arc plutons, (2) addition of a mantle component to the arc plutons by magma mixing, and (3) transport of mantle materials to form new lower or middle crust. Mafic–ultramafic intrusions and their spatiotemporal A-type granites during Early Permian to Triassic intraplate extension are intrusive counterparts of the contemporaneous bimodal volcanic rocks in the CTOB. Basaltic underplating in this temporal interval contributed to crustal growth in a vertical form, including adding mantle materials to lower or middle crust by intracrustal differentiation and remelting Early-Paleozoic formed arc crust in the CTOB.     

新疆北部卡拉麦里斜长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

新疆北部卡拉麦里构造带发育与蛇绿岩伴生的斜长花岗岩,其时代、成因及与蛇绿岩的关系是目前还存在争议的问题。本文报道了该斜长花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和地球化学组成。研究表明,斜长花岗岩的成岩年龄为373Ma,εNd(t)与亏损地幔一致,与典型蛇绿岩中的斜长花岗岩有相似的微量元素特征,与卡拉麦里蛇绿岩中辉长岩有相似的平坦型稀土元素配分模式,两者在La/Sm-La图上符合结晶分异趋势。因此,卡拉麦里斜长花岗岩属于大洋斜长花岗岩,是来源于亏损地幔的基性岩浆通过结晶分异作用的产物,其成岩年龄373Ma代表了卡拉麦里蛇绿岩的形成时代。