高邮凹陷南坡真武—曹庄地区戴南组砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响

在详细岩心观察描述的基础上, 利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、压汞分析、X-射线衍射、埋藏史-热史模拟等多种分析测试手段, 对戴南组砂岩成岩作用特征进行了详细研究, 发现砂岩储层主要经历了压实、胶结、溶蚀和交代作用, 自生胶结物主要有高岭石等粘土矿物、铁碳酸盐、石英、长石及硬石膏等, 发生溶蚀则主要为长石和岩屑, 戴南组地层现今主要处于晚成岩的A期.戴南组砂岩储层主要受压实作用、高岭石胶结、铁碳酸盐胶结、石英次生加大及溶蚀作用的影响, 发育塑性组分溶蚀成岩相和高岭石充填成岩相的储层性质往往较好, 是有利的油气储集带; 而发育压实-充填成岩相和碳酸盐胶结成岩相的储层孔渗性能很差, 多为致密储层.      

Petrofacies, provenance and diagenesis of the dhosa sandstone member (Chari Formation) at Ler, Kachchh sub-basin, Western India

The sandstones of the Dhosa Sandstone Member of Late Callovian and Early Oxfordian age exposed at Ler have been analyzed for their petrofacies, provenance, tectonic setting and diagenetic history. These sandstones are fine to medium grained and poorly- to well sorted. The constituent mineral grains are subangular to subrounded. These sandstones were derived from a mixed provenance including granites, granite–gneisses, low- and high-grade metamorphic and some basic rocks of the Aravalli Range and Nagarparkar Massif. The petrofacies analysis reveals that these sandstones belong to the continental block-, recycled orogen- and rifted continental margin tectonic regime.The imprints of early and deep burial diagenesis of these sandstones include different stages of compaction, cementation, change in crystal boundaries, cement–cement boundaries, chertification and neomorphism. The sequence of cementation includes precipitation of calcite and its subsequent replacement by Fe calcite and silica cements. The typical intermediate burial (2–3 km depth) diagenetic signatures of these sandstones are reflected in the formation of suture and straight-line boundaries, and triple junctions with straight-line boundaries. The depositional environment, relatively low-energy environment that was below storm wave base but subjected to gentle currents, of the Dhosa Sandstone Member controlled the early diagenesis, which in turn influenced the burial diagenesis of these sandstones.     

成岩作用对河流-三角洲相砂岩储层物性演化的影响--以延长油区上三叠统延长组长2砂岩为例

延长油区上三叠统长 2地层河流相-三角洲相砂岩储层的物性明显受埋藏-成岩作用事件的影响。埋藏压实作用是导致砂岩孔隙丧失的主要原因,造成的平均孔隙度丧失为 17.8%。其中黑云母的早期成岩蚀变是造成原生孔隙丧失的一个重要原因。胶结作用造成的平均孔隙度丧失为 7.1%。其中碳酸盐胶结物和次生石英加大是造成砂岩物性降低的主要胶结物。碎屑颗粒周围绿泥石薄膜的存在阻止了一部分石英次生加大及碳酸盐胶结物的沉淀,使一部分原生粒间孔隙得以保存。晚期成岩阶段有机质分解形成的酸性流体及表生成岩作用阶段的大气降水是形成次生孔隙的主要原因,从而使长 2砂岩的物性得到改善     

惠民凹陷古近系砂岩储层物性控制因素评价

影响惠民凹陷古近系砂岩储集层物性主要因素有沉积条件、压实、碳酸盐胶结和溶蚀作用。沉积条件对物性的影响主要表现在对原生孔隙的发育程度和对溶蚀、胶结等成岩作用的控制方面;压实作用对孔隙度的影响主要表现在埋藏早期或碳酸盐胶结程度低的阶段,埋深每增加1 000 ｍ,孔隙度降低约8%~9%;胶结作用对储集层性质影响与成岩演化阶段有关,成岩演化程度越高,胶结对物性的影响越大;溶蚀作用对储集层性质改善很大,产生的次生孔隙最大可达20%。溶蚀作用在宏观上受区域构造背景和生油洼陷平面位置控制,断层较发育和临近生油中心（临南洼陷）的南部斜坡带和中央隆起带溶蚀最发育;微观上受岩石的粒度、分选及杂基含量控制,粒度越粗、分选越好、杂基越少的砂岩溶蚀作用越强。     

The Effects of Diagenesis on the Reservoir Characters in Ridge sandstone of Jurassic Jumara dome,Kachchh, Western India

Ridge sandstone of Jurassic Jumara dome of Kachchh was studied in an attempt to quantify the effects of diagenetic process such as compaction, cementation and dissolution on reservoir properties. The average framework composition of Ridge sandstone is Q₈₀F₁₇L₃, medium-to coarse grained and subarkose to arkose. Syndepositional silty to clayey matrix (3% average) is also observed that occurs as pore filling. The diagenetic processes include compaction, cementation and precipitation of authigenic cements, dissolution of unstable grains and grain replacement and development of secondary porosity. The major cause of intense reduction in primary porosity of Ridge sandstone is early cementation which include silica, carbonate, iron, kaolinite, illite, smectite, mixed layer illite-smectite and chlorite, which prevents mechanical compaction. The plots of COPL versus CEPL and IGV versus total cement suggest the loss of primary porosity in Ridge sandstone is due to cementation. Cements mainly iron and carbonate occurs in intergranular pores of detrital grains and destroys porosity. The clay mineral occurs as pore filling and pore lining and deteriorates the porosity and permeability of the Ridge sandstone. The reservoir quality of the studied sandstone is reduced by clay minerals (kaolinite, illite, smectite, mixed layer illitesmectite, chlorite), carbonate, iron and silica cementation but on the other hand, it is increased by alteration and dissolution of the unstable grain, in addition to partial dissolution of carbonate cements. The potential of the studied sandstone to serve as a reservoir is strongly related to sandstone diagenesis.     

Diagenesis impact on a deeply buried sandstone reservoir (Es1 Member) of the Shahejie Formation,Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

Diagenesis has a significant impact on reservoir quality in deeply buried formations. Sandstone units of the Shahejie Formation (Es₁ Member) of Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China is a typical deeply buried sandstone with large hydrocarbon accumulations. The methodology includes core observations and thin section studies, using fluorescence, scanning electron microscope (SEM), cathodoluminescence (CL), fluid inclusion and isotope and electron probing analysis as well as the numerical determination of reservoir characteristics. The sandstones consist of medium to coarse-grained, slight to moderate sorted lithic arkose and feldspathic litharenite. Porosity and permeability values range from 0.5 to 30% and 0.006 to 7000 mD, respectively. The diagenetic history reveals mixed episodes of diagenesis and deep burial followed by uplift. The main diagenetic events include compaction, cementation alteration, dissolution of unstable minerals and grain fracturing. Compaction resulted in densification and significantly reduced the primary porosity. Quartz, calcite and clay are the dominant pore-occluding cement and occur as euhedral to subhedral crystals. Alteration and dissolution of volcanic lithic fragments and pressure solution of feldspar grains were the key sources of quartz cement whereas carbonate cement is derived from an external source. Clay minerals resulted from the alteration of feldspar and volcanic lithic fragments. Porosity and permeability data predict a good inverse relationship with cementation whereas leaching of metastable grains, dissolution of cement and in some places formation of pore-lining chlorite enhanced the reservoir quality. The best reservoir is thicker sandstone bodies that are medium to coarse-grained, well-sorted sandstone with low primary ductile grains with a minor amount of calcite cement. The present study shows several diagenetic stages in the Es₁ Member, but the overall reservoir quality is preserved.     

泌阳凹陷核三下亚段砂岩成岩作用及储集性

泌阳凹陷东部核三下亚段砂岩储层由辨状河三角洲成因的长石砂岩及岩屑长石砂岩组成。主要成岩作用包括压实、石英和长石次生加大、晶粒状方解石胶结、溶解、自生绿泥石等，演化程度已达到晚成岩Ｂ亚期。成岩作用使砂岩原生孔隙体系发生强烈变化。各种成岩作用对储集性有不同影响，孔隙度的减少主要与压实及碳酸盐胶结作用有关；石英和长石次生加大及自生粘土衬边经常使喉道堵塞，对渗透率危害较大；溶解作用形成的次生孔隙及喉道对砂     

准噶尔盆地西北缘克-百地区侏罗系成岩作用及其对储层质量的影响

准噶尔盆地西北缘克拉玛依—百口泉地区侏罗系砂岩、砂砾岩储层经历了压实、胶结、溶蚀等多种成岩作用,其中压实和溶蚀作用是控制储层物性的主要成岩作用,其次为胶结作用。压实作用以机械压实为主,是孔隙减少的主要原因。胶结作用主要为碳酸盐胶结,少量黄铁矿胶结,偶见方沸石胶结和硅质胶结。溶蚀作用导致碳酸盐胶结物、长石颗粒和少量岩屑溶解流失。储层孔隙经历了由原生到次生的演化过程。在成岩演化过程中,长石的溶蚀作用、碳酸盐矿物的沉淀与溶解作用是影响储层孔隙发育的关键因素,早期方解石的胶结有利于后期次生孔隙的形成。在克-乌断裂带上、下盘地层中,断裂带上盘埋深浅,一般小于1200m,原生孔隙非常发育;断裂带下盘埋深较深,压实作用强,原生孔隙所占比例明显减少,次生溶蚀孔隙相对发育。次生孔隙的形成受流体及断裂控制。     

川东建南地区须家河组储层特征及其差异演化过程

川东建南地区须家河组储层非均质性极强,致密化程度极高,为了查明储层差异演化过程,剖析储层差异演化控制因素,运用岩石学和岩石地球化学的多种实验方法,在详细刻画储层岩石学特征的基础上,划分了储层成岩相类型,查明了不同类型砂岩的物性特征和孔隙结构特征,分析了储层的差异性演化过程.研究区砂岩可以划分为4种成岩相类型,即强压实相、溶蚀相、硅质胶结相和强钙质胶结相.溶蚀相砂岩物性最好,强压实相砂岩次之,硅质胶结相和钙质胶结相砂岩物性最差.碎屑组分的差异是造成储层非均质性强和差异性演化的重要原因.塑性岩屑含量的差异,导致早成岩时期压实减孔程度的不同;长石含量的差异,影响了砂岩中溶蚀强度和方解石胶结程度;石英含量的差异,控制了砂岩中硅质胶结作用的强弱;最终,使得储层演化有先有后,空间分布非均质.      

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬西部三叠系延长组长8油层组成岩作用与致密化过程*

利用岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、碳氧同位素及流体包裹体等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬西部三叠系延长组长8油层组致密储集层特征进行了研究,重点分析了储集层成岩作用特征和储集层致密化成因机制及过程。研究区长8油层组砂岩主要为岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,经历了压实—压溶、胶结、交代、溶蚀及构造破裂等成岩作用,整体处于中成岩A期晚期。典型成岩序列依次为机械压实、绿泥石黏土膜、早期(泥晶)方解石胶结、石英次生加大、长石、岩屑溶蚀、自生高岭石胶结、自生石英胶结、中期(含)铁方解石胶结。综合研究认为:(1)近物源伴随湖平面快速上升的沉积环境提供了储集层致密化的物质基础,不同沉积微相储集层物性差别较大,分流河道最好,分流间湾最差;(2)长8油层组原始孔隙度为41.35%,压实作用损孔率为50.67%,造成储集层孔隙度急剧降低,胶结作用损孔率为37.48%,导致孔隙度进一步减小,溶蚀作用仅增加了3.26%的孔隙度,难以有效改善储集层质量;(3)上述沉积与成岩因素共同导致储集层致密,致密化过程可分为压实孔隙骤减阶段、早期胶结减孔阶段、溶蚀作用增孔阶段和晚期胶结致密阶段共4个阶段;(4)油气大量充注期储集层孔隙度远低于10%,长8油层组先致密后成藏。     

塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩成岩演化与储层形成关系

塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩的地质演化，主要经历了大气淡水成岩环境，海水成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境的改造，形成丰富的储人间类型和4种典型的孔隙结构特征，即溶孔－晶间孔复合型，粒间孔－粒间溶孔型，缝合线－微裂缝型和致密微孔型，大气淡水淋滤溶解作用和各种类型白云岩化作用有利于优质储层的形成，而胶结作用及压实，压溶作用则阻碍了储集空间的形成，奥陶系微晶灰岩和生屑灰岩由于主要经历了海水成岩－埋藏成岩环境的改造，胶结和压实作用特征明显，未能形成有效储集空间，整体属Ⅳ类差储集层，石炭系碳酸盐岩储层特征具有分区性，麦盖提斜坡区的储层物性明显优于巴楚隆起区，这与斜坡区碳酸盐岩遭后期大气淡水淋溶改造有关，古近系卡拉尔组碳酸盐岩经去膏化作用和大气淡水淋溶作用的复合改造，储层整体面貌呈Ⅲ-Ⅰ类的优良储层。     

Classification and Diagenetic Characteristics of the Cretaceous Sandstones in the Southern Bredasdorp Basin,Offshore South Africa

A systematic petrographic and geochemical studies of 92 representative sandstone samples from exploration wells E-AH1, E-AJ1, E-BA1, E-BB1 and E-D3 in the southern part of the Bredasdorp Basin was undertaken to classify the sandstones as well as unravel the main diagenetic processes and their time relations. Petrographic study shows that the sandstones are largely subarkosic arenite and arkosic litharenite, which have underwent series of diagenetic processes as a result burial, rifting and subsequent uplift. The main diagenetic processes that have affected the reservoir properties of the sandstones are cementation by authigenic clay, carbonate and silica, growth of authigenic glauconite, dissolution of minerals and load compaction. The major diagenetic processes reducing the porosity are calcite cementation in the subarkosic arenite, and compaction and quartz cementation in arkosic litharenite. On the other hand, the formation of secondary porosity due to the partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cement, feldspars and minor grain fracturing has improved the reservoir property of the sandstone to some extent. The clay minerals in the sandstones commonly acts as pore choking cement, which reduces porosity. In general, there is no particular diagenetic process that exclusively controls the type or form of porosity evolution in the sandstones.     

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格东三区盒8段砂岩成岩作用及孔隙演化定量化分析

通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射、高压压汞等分析测试方法,系统研究了鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格东三区盒8段砂岩岩石学特征、成岩作用序列,并对孔隙演化过程进行了定量化分析。研究认为,盒8段储层砂岩类型主要为岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩、石英砂岩,结构成熟度较高,孔隙类型主要为溶蚀孔隙、剩余粒间孔隙;储层砂岩经历了压实、压溶、溶蚀、交代及破裂多种成岩作用,已达到中成岩阶段B期。早成岩阶段的压实作用损失了24.2%的孔隙度,是导致孔隙度降低的主要原因;早成岩B期—中成岩A期在酸性成岩环境下易溶组分溶解形成的次生溶孔增加了0.3%～5.6%的孔隙度,高岭石的交代作用产生的晶间孔也成为储集体空间的重要构成。     

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷文昌组砂岩孔隙定量演化模式--以HZ-A地区辫状河三角洲储层为例

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷HZ-A地区文昌组沉积一套重要的辫状河三角洲相的砂岩储层,现今埋深超过3 500 m.基于岩石薄片、阴极发光、X衍射、扫描电镜及储层物性等资料,对HZ-A地区文昌组砂岩储层特征、成岩作用和孔隙度演化进行了详细研究,采用孔隙度参数演化的定量分析方法,建立了储层孔隙度定量演化模式.研究表明,文昌组储层岩石类型以岩屑砂岩为主,成分成熟度和结构成熟低;储集层目前正处于中成岩A2阶段,先后经历了压实、早期胶结、溶蚀作用和晚期胶结作用.强烈的机械压实及晚期胶结作用对物性破坏性最大,酸性溶蚀是改善储层物性的唯一成岩因素.储层初始孔隙度约35.1%,持续性的埋藏压实导致原生孔隙减少15.4%,早期胶结减少孔隙3.4%,之后酸性流体进入发生溶蚀增孔7.2%,晚期胶结作用损失孔隙度11.5%,其中以黏土胶结和碳酸盐胶结为主,结果形成低孔低渗储层.     

安塞油田长2油层成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响

安塞地区长2油层储层以中细粒长石砂岩为主，主要成岩矿物为绿泥石环边、方解石胶结物、石英和长石加大生长、伊利石、伊一蒙混层、钠长石和高岭石等。绿泥石环边的发育对原生粒间孔的保存起到有利的作用。石英加大级别达Ⅲ级，加大边含有丰富的有机包体，均一温度范围48．1～76．5℃，烃类进入储层的时间为早白垩世中期至晚白垩世。储层发育多种孔隙类型，面孔率平均为11．60％．主要类型有粒间孔、骨架颗粒溶孔和微裂缝等。残余粒间孔和骨架颗粒溶孔是本区长2储层的主要孔隙类型。根据成岩作用的矿物岩石学标志、有机质成熟度及古温度，将长2油层砂岩的成岩作用划分为3个成岩阶段：早成岩阶段、晚成岩阶段和表生成岩阶段。储层性质明显地受到沉积微相和成岩作用的影响，沉积物粒度较粗、厚度较大的分流河道储集物性明显优于各种粒度较细、厚度较薄的分流间席状砂体。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长6油层组储集层成岩作用及其影响因素

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6油层组储集层是受沉积作用和成岩作用共同控制的典型低孔低渗储集层.长6油层组储集层主要为长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩.盆地北部砂体具有长石含量高和石英含量低的特点,西南地区具有长石含量低、石英含量高和杂基含量高的特点.储集空间以剩余粒间孔和次生溶蚀孔为主.主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、胶结作用...     

车镇北带古近系砂砾岩储层成岩作用特征及其对物性的影响

综合利用岩芯资料、铸体薄片、物性资料及相关分析测试资料,对车镇北带砂砾岩成岩作用特征及其对储层物性的影响进行了研究。研究表明:工区砂砾岩储层成岩作用主要有压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用、灰泥重结晶作用和交代作用;成岩环境经历了中性/弱碱性→酸性→碱性→酸性→碱性的变化,相应的成岩作用序列为:压实作用→长石溶蚀/早期石英加大→碳酸盐胶结/石英溶蚀→长石溶蚀/碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀/晚期石英加大→黄铁矿胶结;区内砂砾岩储集物性较差,储集空间以次生孔缝为主;不同亚相岩相和成岩作用的差异使其储集物性有所不同,扇根主要发育颗粒支撑和杂基支撑砾岩,成岩作用以压实和灰泥重结晶为主,物性较差,发育无效储层;扇中亚相溶蚀作用较为发育,储集物性得到很好地改善,有效储层比例较高;扇缘亚相以胶结作用为主,使物性变差,局部溶蚀作用发育,可成为有效储层。     

冀中坳陷廊固凹陷河西务构造带古近系沙河街组四段储集层孔隙度演化定量研究

薄片鉴定、流体包裹体分析、埋藏演化史与有机质热演化史分析、膏岩层脱水及黏土矿物转化分析等研究表明：河西务构造带古近系沙河街组四段储集层经历了碱性→酸性→碱性→弱酸性→弱碱性的成岩环境演化过程;成岩作用演化序列为：压实作用→长石溶蚀和(或)石英加大→碳酸盐胶结和(或)硬石膏胶结→少量碳酸盐胶结物溶解→少量黄铁矿胶结。利用“反演回剥”的原理, 以铸体薄片资料为基础, 计算了各关键成岩作用对储集层面孔率的贡献量, 并利用面孔率-孔隙度的函数关系, 结合机械压实校正, 定量地恢复了不同成岩特征储集层的实际孔隙度演化史。根据孔隙度演化史与油气成藏史匹配关系, 河西务构造带沙四段储集层第1期油气成藏时期储集物性较好, 孔隙度高达20％左右。第2期油气成藏时期, 北部区块储集层碳酸盐胶结强烈, 孔隙度急剧降低至7％左右, 不利于油气充注补充;而南部区块储集层碳酸盐胶结作用弱, 孔隙度仍以大于10％为主, 有利于油气充注补充和成藏, 成为有利勘探目标。     

Diagenetic Evolution and Formation Mechanisms of High-Quality Reservoirs under Multiple Diagenetic Environmental Constraints: An Example from the Paleogene Beach-Bar Sandstone Reservoirs in the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs (beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member) in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western (eastern) reservoirs experienced early open (closed), middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis (in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current). Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows: early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandstones. The closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow patterns of the diagenetic fluids controlled the differences in the reservoir properties among the fault blocks. With increasing distance from the oil-source faults, the RQI values in the west gradually decreased and in the east initially increased and then decreased.     

苏北盆地金湖凹陷腰滩地区古近系阜宁组储层物性特征及其影响因素

苏北盆地金湖凹陷腰滩地区古近系阜宁组储层岩石类型以岩屑长石砂岩和长石砂岩为主,其成分成熟度中等,结构 成熟度中等到好。腰滩地区储层成岩作用主要包括压实、胶结、溶蚀和交代四种类型, 目前处于晚成岩阶段A期。研究区储 层的储集物性受成岩作用和构造运动的共同影响,主要表现为对孔隙度和渗透率的影响, 其中压实和胶结作用使储层原生 孔隙迅速减少、渗透率降低、储集物性变差,而溶解作用则是导致次生孔隙发育及改善砂岩储集性能的主要因素。压实作 用主要表现为刚性颗粒发生脆性破裂、塑性颗粒挤压变形或刚性颗粒嵌入塑性颗粒中、颗粒之间呈线接触和凹凸接触、碎 屑颗粒呈明显的定向排列等; 溶蚀作用表现为碳酸盐矿物的溶解; 胶结物主要为自生黏土矿物、碳酸盐和自生石英。交代作 用主要为碳酸盐胶结物交代石英、长石及岩屑颗粒及碳酸盐胶结物之间的相互交代等。构造运动使局部的储层物性得到改 善。