压密注浆工艺在处理浜填土地基中的应用

通过对压密注浆工艺的技术和经济分析比较,并介绍该工艺在处理浜填土地基中的成功经验,从而得出压密注浆工艺是一种造价低、施工操作简便、周期短、加固效果良好的处理地基方法。     

古城区隐蔽工程施工中的障碍物及其排除法

在古城区隐蔽工程施工中，常碰到一些不同类型和分布特点的地下障碍物，其可分为：浜填土中的石，砖，混凝土碎块；原建筑物的基础，地坪，杂填土；各种管线；木桩等。排除障碍物的方法主要为机械法，人工法及联合排障法。排除障碍物后，需回填处理后方可进行下道工序，通常使地下障碍物的情况下，合理安排施工顺序，有的放矢地使用排障方法，如在排除障碍物过程中发生了突发事件，一定要果断处理，保证工程顺利进行。     

大面积新填土引起地基的附加沉降计算及相应的工程措施

大面积新填土引起地基的附加沉降计算及相应的工程措施崔楷（轻工部西安设计院设计二室，７１００４８）１前言在房屋结构设计中，经常会遇到因场地平整或工艺流程要求而产生的大面积填土问题，在这种情况下，设计人员往往把注意力集中在如何保证填土夯实质量却忽略了另外...     

装电容器节约电能

经过长时间的观察，发现地质队施工单位的用电功率因数都低于0.5，无功功率相当大，线路上耗散大量的热能。根据初步实验测算55千瓦的发电机至少有10千瓦以上的电能往返在线路中，转变为无功电能白白的消耗在线路的发热上。勘探设备的负荷率大多在     

岩溶中低山区岩石路堑填土路基塌陷危险性判识研究

铁路在通过岩溶中低山区时大量采用了岩石路堑和人工填土路基，在路堑施工过程中，可能会有一部分原来未在原坡面开口的溶洞被部分揭露或顶板被削薄，同时爆破施工可能恶化浅埋溶洞顶板的结构及物理力学性质，从而使回填部分土石方形成的路基坐落于开口岩溶形态或溶洞的薄顶板上，具有发生岩溶塌陷的危险性。本文总结了岩溶中低山区岩石路堑填土路基岩溶塌陷发育的基本特点，分析了可溶岩边坡岩溶系统的发育规律，并结合南昆铁路部分区段开口岩溶的野外判别，提出使用逐步判归方法对岩石路堑填土路基的塌陷危险性进行评价。     

重力式加筋土挡墙的工作性能和土压力计算

“重力式加筋土挡墙”在实际工程中已有不少应用,但由于缺乏对其工作性能的系统研究,目前我国相关规范尚无其设计方法,实际工程中一般根据经验设计,缺乏理论依据。采用FLAC2D程序,模拟一个施工顺序为“先筑墙,后填加筋土”的重力式加筋土挡墙,分墙后填土到墙顶和墙顶堆载完成两个阶段,分析加筋土工格栅对挡墙的水平位移和墙后填土的水平位移、水平应力的影响;土工格栅拉力及拉应变随墙后填土和墙顶堆载的变化。在此基础上,对采用“先筑墙,后填加筋土”工序的重力式加筋土挡墙墙后土压力的计算方法提出了初步建议     

压实粘土斜坡的软化与蠕变

本文基于南加里弗尼亚地价昂贵且土地逐渐减少，大部分建筑开始修建填土斜坡上这一事实，对压实粘土斜坡进行地下勘探和现场测试，并对压实粘土做了室内试验。从而探讨了压实粘土软化和蠕变的规律及其影响因素。     

素填土地基的承载力和沉降估算

阐述素填土地基的工程特性，提出确定素填土地基承载力和沉降估算方法，并对素填土地基的工程察进行探讨。     

应用注浆技术加固地基明（暗）浜的方法及其效果

应用注浆技术加固地基明（暗）浜的方法及其效果黄跃进江苏地质基桩工程公司，镇江，２１２１１１关键词：注浆，明（暗）浜，工程地质，地基承载力，上海ＴｈｅＯｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＥｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓｏｆＵｓｉｎｇＳｌｕｒｒｙＭｅｔｈｏｄｔｏＣｏｎｓｏ...     

钻孔瓦斯压力测定仪的研制与试验

在煤田勘探阶段,准确地掌握煤层瓦斯资料是经济合理地进行矿井设计的重要依据之一。但目前,在勘探阶段仍缺乏获得准确瓦斯资料的有效工具,以致造成一些勘探报告中没有瓦斯资料或所提供的瓦斯资料准确性较差。为此,我们在重庆煤炭研究所协助下研制了一种钻孔瓦斯压力测定仪(简称“测压仪”),通过在勘探钻孔中测定煤层瓦斯压力参数的方法,以实现获得比较准确的煤层瓦斯含量的目的。试验证明,该仪器基本上是成功的。现将仪器及测量效果简介如下,供有关单位参考,不当或错误处希予批评指正。     

搅拌桩内套打钻孔灌注桩在暗浜深基坑围护工程中的应用

在暗浜地层内施工钻孔灌注桩时,易产生钻孔扩径、孔内塌方事故,产生“叉腿桩”及诱发搅拌桩次生“叉腿”,造成钻孔灌注桩与搅拌桩之间的产生大的缝隙.基坑开挖时,基坑外侧的地下水沿缝隙渗入,造成基坑外侧土体压缩变形,引起地表开裂、产生不均匀沉降.搅拌桩内套打钻孔灌注桩系先用低渗入量水泥将暗浜土搅拌成复合土,提高暗浜土的质量,然后在复合土内钻进成桩,其作用是避免钻孔灌注桩在暗浜土段的扩径、塌方超灌事故,确保了基坑桩基围护工程施工质量.     

A radioisotope tracer investigation to determine the direction of groundwater movement adjacent to a tidal creek during spring and neap tides

A radioisotope tracer (⁸²Br) was injected into a sand aquifer adjacent to a tidal creek at Hat Head, New South Wales, Australia. The injection was timed to coincide with the falling limb of a spring tide in August 2001 and was repeated in July 2002 during a period of neap tides. The tracer movement was detected using gamma logging and fixed gamma detectors in a bore 0.9 m from an injection bore and in a line approximately perpendicular to the creek. Movement of the tracer was detected by comparing measured gamma activity with calibrated activities determined under laboratory conditions. Net movement of the tracer indicated approximately 0.001 m/day laterally towards the creek and 0.07 m/day vertically upward during spring tide conditions. This pattern is reversed during neap tide conditions with little net vertical movement but horizontal movement of 0.15 m/day. The measurements indicated an oscillatory motion coinciding with the tide but lagging the tide by approximately 4.5–6.5 h. The vertical flow during spring tides indicates that vertical movement of the saline interface occurs and results in mixing of different water types beneath the banks of the creek.     

探地雷达在岩土工程中的应用

介绍了探地雷达在岩土工程中的实际应用领域及推广应用前景,在岩土工程施工检测中,如特殊地层的桩基施工中遇到的花岗岩风化孤石,隐伏奇异岩溶,地下古旧建筑基础影响桩基设计及施工;桩周空洞引起大量涌水及漏浆,造成桩基施工困难,软土强夯加固改良中的抛镇块石及块石土强夯质量检控问题等,探地雷达都是可为提供有效服务。     

崇明东滩盐沼潮沟水动力过程观测与分析

2007年7月在上海崇明东滩盐沼内部采用复合测量手段进行了现场观测,对取得的盐沼水动力过程数据进行了较系统的分析。崇明东滩盐沼内部的观测及分析结果表明:(1)潮沟及盐沼表面对潮波产生严重阻尼作用,潮波传播至盐沼内部时,潮沟水位波动明显异于外海,水位上升极快,而下降慢。当潮沟有退水时,涨潮初期的当地水位上升并不是潮水进入潮沟的结果,而是流向相反的潮沟进口涨潮水和潮沟内退潮水形成的水位壅高;(2)潮波进入盐沼内部时,风具有一定作用,向岸风可抬高潮沟及盐沼内部水位,离岸风反之;(3)潮沟水流流速与潮沟水位变化率、外海潮位变化率都不存在相关关系;(4)潮沟水位低时,过流断面较小,涨潮水进入潮沟时,潮沟水一旦改变流向,就具备很高的流速并伴随流速峰值的出现。潮沟水向盐沼表面漫溢时,过流断面突变,潮沟流速出现峰值。由于潮沟退潮水位变化慢,盐沼表面水归槽时并没有产生潮沟流速峰值。根据崇明东滩观测结果,概括了盐沼水动力过程的影响因素,指出了以后研究应重视的问题。     

Geochemical characteristics and genetic type of a lithium ore (mineralized) body in the central Yunnan Province,China

Lithium ore (mineralized) bodies in the area A of central Yunnan Province belong to a sedimentary-type, which are controlled by stratum. The studied ore (mineralized) body mainly occurs in the Middle Permian Liangshan Formation. This work described the morphology, structures, main ore types and geochemical characteristics of this ore body in detail, and discussed the ore-forming material source, occurrence state of lithium and the formation mechanism of lithium ores to clarify the prospecting marks. In the further exploration, comprehensive evaluation of the lithium resources of known bauxite ore bodies in central Yunnan Province should be strengthened, and the exploration of hidden lithium ore bodies should be intensified in order to discover more large and super-large lithium orebodies, which will fill the gap of the national demand for lithium resources, and promote the national defense construction and new energy industry development.     

大冶铁山地区河流水体及水系沉积物中重金属元素分布特征

矿产资源的长期勘探、开采和冶炼活动给大冶铁山地区的自然生态环境造成了严重破坏.对该区西港河、东港河河水和水系沉积物中重金属元素分布特征的研究结果表明,该区矿山开采和冶炼活动形成的重金属污染元素主要为Cd、As、Zn;其主要污染源为冶炼厂排放的废水,其次是采矿废弃物堆积渗漏水;重金属元素在河水与水系沉积物中的空间分布特征较相似,但水系沉积物中元素质量分数比河水中的普遍增高,元素变化的剧烈程度加剧.     

The transport and fate of Fe,Mn, Cu,Zn, Cd,Pb and SO4 in a groundwater plume and in downstream surface waters in the Coeur d'Alene Mining District,Idaho, U.S.A.

The controls on metal concentrations in a plume of acidic (pH 3.29–5.55) groundwater in the Moon Creek watershed in Idaho, U.S.A., were investigated with the use of property-property plots. A plot of Ca vs S demonstrated that a plume of contaminated groundwater was being diluted by infiltration of rain and creek water at shallow depths and by ambient groundwater near bedrock. The small amount of dissolved Fe (2.1 mg/l) was removed while dissolved Pb was added, reaching a maximum concentration of 0.37 mg/l. The other metals (Zn ≤ 16, Al ≤ 6.2, Cu ≤ 2.1 and Cd ≤ 0.077 mg/l) in the shallow groundwater were essentially conserved until they emerged as a seep along the creek bank. Upon mixing with the creek water, groundwater was diluted by factors between 11 and 50, and the pH of the mixture became neutral. Metals originating from the contaminated groundwater were removed in the creek in the following order: Fe > Al > Pb ≫ Cu > Mn > Zn = Cd.Pb and Cu continued to be removed from solution even as the creek passed adjacent to a tailings pile. In contrast, Zn concentrations in the creek increased adjacent to the tailings area, presumably as a result of the reemergence of the upgradient plume as the creek lost elevation.Below the tailings dam, contaminated creek water (400–800 μg Zn/l) was diluted by both smaller side streams and a creek of equal flow. The presence of 3 distinctive water masses required the use of two tracers (dissolved Si and S) to distinguish between mixing and geochemical reactions. The removal of metals was greater during low flow conditions. Pb was removed to the greatest extent, falling below detection limits (0.5 μ/l) at the first sampling location. Copper and Mn were removed to a lesser extent during low flow conditions and approached conservative behavior during high flow conditions. During a 5-km journey through two hydrological regimes, less than 10% of the dissolved Zn and Cd was lost.     

开敞式潮滩-潮沟系统发育演变动力机制——Ⅰ.物理模型设计及潮沟形态

为研究潮沟发育演变动力机制,建立了以江苏中部粉砂淤泥质潮滩-潮沟系统为原型的降比尺物理模型,模拟在潮汐作用下,潮沟系统从平坦滩面逐渐形成、发育演变至动态平衡状态的过程,并分析了潮沟系统在不同阶段的形态特征。研究结果表明:潮沟系统发育速率先快后慢,最终达到动态平衡状态。采用潮沟发育各阶段潮沟系统的总长度与终态潮沟总长度的比值以及潮沟及其相邻处潮滩的高程变化速率两种方法,均可以衡量潮沟系统的发育程度。潮沟系统发育达到动态平衡后,各级潮沟个数占潮沟总数量的比例基本固定。潮沟的宽度、深度、宽深比均符合对数正态分布。潮沟的宽度与宽深比、深度与宽深比之间均具有幂函数关系。     

峰峰矿区九龙矿隐伏突水陷落柱治理实践

峰峰矿区九龙矿的隐伏突水陷落柱发育于奥陶系石灰岩含水地层,发育高度至石炭系大青灰岩、伏青灰岩。由于其发育范围小,又隐伏于可采煤层以下。一般勘探手段很难给予精确解释,导致矿井开采过程中发生突水灾害。通过对矿区隐伏突水陷落柱的治理工作实践,介绍了其探查及治理过程：按照”探治结合”的治理原则,首先采取对矿区工作面三维地震资料进行精细解释,然后以注浆钻孔定向钻探施工技术进行验证的方法,确定突水构造的类型和空间发育形态,进而实施注浆治理,达到堵截突水通道、保障矿井安全生产的目的。本方法的成功实践,为今后华北型煤矿突水灾害的治理工作提供了的范例。     

Geo-environmental appraisal of the Meda creek,Saurashtra, Gujarat

Water chemistry, sediment texture, clay mineralogy and foraminiferal contents from the bottom of Meda creek were studied to assess the geo-environmental status of the creek. Water quality data for three seasons suggests domination of marine environment as pH remained above 8 and salinity above 35‰ throughout. Clay dominate the bottom sediments, except near mouth. Montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite are the major clay minerals in the sediments. In absence of any source rock in the catchment of the Meda creek, the presence of illite and kaolinite indicates their transportation and depositions from near coastal waters during high tides. Ammonia sp. is the most dominating foraminifera. Reworked forms as well as angular asymmetric forms of foraminifera were dominant in clay rich areas of the creek.