川西北松潘—阿坝地区油气勘探进展与初步评价

位于青藏高原东北部松潘-甘孜构造带中央部位的松潘-阿坝地区是目前中国石化公司油气勘探与探索的全新领域.2002年以来中国石化南方勘探开发分公司对该区进行了系统的石油地质、重、磁、电、震、遥感、化探等综合勘探与评价研究,发现了相对稳定的若尔盖隐伏地块、多个局部构造显示和化探异常区域,认为该区可能存在下古生界生烃、上古生界储集、三叠系封盖的油气地质条件,评价优选出了若尔盖坳陷的中部凸起及其向北侧凹陷带过渡的斜坡地带为近期油气勘探的有利地区并实施了红参1井的钻探.各项勘探成果资料表明该区应该具有油气勘探前景,但三叠系巨厚且经历了多期形变改造,油气勘探的难度较大,加强随钻跟踪分析、深化油气地质研究并开展物探技术攻关是近期工作的重点.     

川西北松潘-阿坝地区油气勘探进展与初步评价

位于青藏高原东北部松潘-甘孜构造带中央部位的松潘-阿坝地区是目前中国石化公司油气勘探与探索的全新领域。2002年以来中国石化南方勘探开发分公司对该区进行了系统的石油地质、重、磁、电、震、遥感、化探等综合勘探与评价研究，发现了相对稳定的若尔盖隐伏地块、多个局部构造显示和化探异常区域，认为该区可能存在下古生界生烃、上古生界储集、三叠系封盖的油气地质条件，评价优选出了若尔盖坳陷的中部凸起及其向北侧凹陷带过渡的斜坡地带为近期油气勘探的有利地区并实施了红参1井的钻探。各项勘探成果资料表明该区应该具有油气勘探前景，但三叠系巨厚且经历了多期形变改造，油气勘探的难度较大，加强随钻跟踪分析、深化油气地质研究并开展物探技术攻关是近期工作的重点。     

洛阳-伊川盆地构造演化特征及含油气远景评价

洛阳-伊川盆地是南阳油田近期油气勘探的新地区和新领域之一,主要勘探目的层系为中生界三叠系.研究认为,该区三叠系埋藏较浅,残存厚度大,分布面积广,其中暗色泥岩发育,具有一定的生油潜力.并且盆地的构造演化对地层的保存、构造发育、油气分布以及油气藏的形成有明显的控制作用.因此明确了该区下步油气勘探的方向和目标.     

贵州黔南坳陷安顺斜坡油气地质特征及勘探潜力

通过对黔南坳陷安顺斜坡石油地质特征、油气成藏条件、油气勘探潜力等进行分析认为:安顺斜坡位于黔中隆起南斜坡地带,构造运动较为稳定,具十分有利的油气成藏背景,是油气勘探有利地区.斜坡上烃源岩、储层、圈闭发育,盖层及保存条件较好,具十分优越的油气成藏条件;勘探目的层主要为下古生界侵蚀面,次为中泥盆统生储盖组合、石炭系生储盖组合,二叠系煤层(成)气及三叠系相变带储渗体;中部安顺三叠系构造带是有利勘探区带,最有利勘探目标有O1—∈2+3侵蚀面、安顺构造及T1-2相变带附近类似羊昌河地区.     

新疆博格达山前带油气调查进展

博格达山前带位于准噶尔盆地南缘冲断带东段,构造变形复杂、沉积演化认识不清、成藏主控因素不明等关键地质问题制约了该区油气勘探进程。中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心新疆项目组在博格达山前带开展了一系列野外地质调查、地震资料处理解释、烃源岩地球化学分析等综合研究,厘清了该区构造变形样式和演化过程,明确了二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩沉积中心,评价了油气资源潜力,提出了该区复式油气成藏模式。钻探实践进一步证实了该区良好的油气资源潜力,推动了该区油气勘探进程,对类似地区开展油气勘探具有一定的借鉴意义。     

新疆博格达山前带油气调查进展

博格达山前带位于准噶尔盆地南缘冲断带东段,构造变形复杂、沉积演化认识不清、成藏主控因素不明等关键地质问题制约了该区油气勘探进程。中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心新疆项目组在博格达山前带开展了一系列野外地质调查、地震资料处理解释、烃源岩地球化学分析等综合研究,厘清了该区构造变形样式和演化过程,明确了二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩沉积中心,评价了油气资源潜力,提出了该区复式油气成藏模式。钻探实践进一步证实了该区良好的油气资源潜力,推动了该区油气勘探进程,对类似地区开展油气勘探具有一定的借鉴意义。     

若尔盖盆地岩石物性参数特征

若尔盖盆地是松潘一甘孜构造带的一个二级坳陷构造单元,是青藏高原重要的油气资源远景区之一.依据中石化勘探南方分公司2002年以来在该区进行的综合地球物理勘探等资料,分析总结了该区各时代地层和火成岩的声波速度、电阻率、密度、磁化率等岩石物理性质参数及特征.这些岩石物理参数既是分析认识该区地壳结构特征的基础,也是分析解释地球物理场观测数据的依据.     

鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区油气化探特征及含油气远景评价

在研究鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗区域地球化学特征的基础上,依据化探异常特征及评价,结合油气地质条件,对该区进行含油气远景评价,指出了该区有利天然气聚集区带,为下一步天然气勘探部署提供了可靠依据.     

改造型盆地评价及其油气系统研究方法——以中国南方中、古生界海相地层为例

通过对中国南方中、古生界油气地质的综合研究及勘探总结,初步提出了一套改造型残留盆地或叠合盆地评价及其油气系统研究的方法。其基本思路是强调进行油气地质的“动态演化”研究,主要通过拟三维盆地模拟反演主要烃源岩的时空演化、生烃过程以及不同地质阶段中的生烃强度、资源量;结合古今油气藏的解剖,总结油气成藏—破坏规律;结合古构造的分析,研究油气运聚指向;结合主要构造运动期对中国南方中、古生界主要油气系统的影响分析,进行分阶段的动态演化研究。认为中国南方中、古生界油气勘探的现实对象是次生油气系统及再生烃油气系统,现存的原生油气系统很少。提出中国南方新区中、古生界油气勘探的有利区为石柱复向斜西侧高陡背斜带、苏北盆地阜宁—盐城—海安—兴化—宝应地区、江汉盆地沉湖地区南部潜江—仙桃—牌州—汉参1井地区、江西南鄱阳盆地及楚雄盆地北部凹陷,这一认识已经得到苏北盆地盐城凹陷朱家墩气田及江汉盆地沉湖地区南部开先台西含油构造勘探发现的证实。     

塔北地区含油气区带评价

含油气区带评价是油气远景评价系列中的一个重要环节,这项工作对塔北地区进一步油气勘探具有重要意义。据塔北地区圈闭类型及分布规律,本文划分出9类(18个)含油气区带。综合地质评价得出最有利区带6个,有利区带10个、较有利区带2个。近期勘探应集中在库喀含油气区带、牙哈含油气区带、阿克库勒中生界背斜圈闭区带、阿克库勒石炭系复合圈闭区带、波斯坦石炭系构造圈闭区带和阿克库勒地区古生界潜山、岩溶圈闭区带等6个最有利的区带上。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Shock-induced amorphous textures in plagioclase,Manicouagan, Quebec,Canada

The textural relationships and structural states of optically isotropic labradorite from the Manicouagan, Quebec, impact structure have been examined by light (optical) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy. Two distinct diaplectic glasses have been recognized based on their contrasting morphology, timing and the inferred modes of formation. The earliest isotropic bands and grain-scale isotropism (maskelynite) optically exhibit a gradational,in situ transformation from crystalline plagioclase with preservation of relict textures (twins, grain boundaries). The same transformation from crystalline to amorphous structure is observed in TEM to occur heterogeneously at scales on the order of the unit cell. The progressive transformation of optical properties reflects an increase in the volume fraction and eventual coalescence of these amorphous units. This maskelynite-type diaplectic glass is interpreted to form in the solid-state directly from crystalline material during the compressional phase of the shock wave. The other isotropic material occurs in spatially discrete tensiongashes and planar deformation features (PDFs) that overprint the maskelynite-type glass. This second type of diaplectic glass (PDF-type) is developed homogeneously within a given glass band and exhibits sharp crystal-glass boundaries, in contrast to the gradational boundaries of the maskelynite-type glass. PDF-type glass is interpreted to form by melting in tensional release zones during passage of the rarefaction wave. These observations emphasize the ability of naturally shocked rocks to preserve subtle evidence of variations in the shock process from highly transient events.     

A catastrophic rockslide-debris flow in Wulong, Chongqing, China in 2009: background, characterization, and causes

On June 5, 2009, a catastrophic rockslide-debris flow occurred at the crest of the Jiweishan Mountain in Wulong, Chongqing, China. Approximately five million cubic meters of limestone blocks slid along a weak interlayer of bituminous and carbonaceous shale. The source mass descended from the upper part of the slope rapidly, crossing a 200-m wide and 50-m deep creek in front of it. Blocked by the opposite steep creek wall, the sliding mass changed its direction and traveled a further 2.2 km along the creek in debris-flow mode, finally forming a large accumulation zone with an average depth of 30 m. This is one of the most catastrophic rockslide events in recent years in China. It buried 12 houses and the entrance of an iron mining tunnel where some 27 miners were working inside. Ten people died, 64 missing, and eight wounded. Immediately after this disaster happened, the government organized an expert team to assist the rescue work. As one of the geological experts, the author did a lot of field investigations and collected first-hand information. Multi-methods including the remote sensing, 3D laser scanning, geophysical exploration, and numerical modeling were used for analyzing the characteristics and the triggering mechanism of the Wulong rockslide. The preliminary investigation results reveal that this rockslide with poor geological conditions was mainly induced by the gravitation and the karst effect and also affected by the previous mining activities. The research in this paper is meaningful and useful for further research on such kind of rockslides that are geologically similar to the Wulong rockslide.     

丘北普者黑岩溶地貌景观特征

通过介绍普者黑地区的岩溶地貌特征,借鉴石林和桂林的研究模式,对普者黑的岩溶地貌形成机理进行了深入研究,并针对普者黑独特的亚热带高原岩溶地貌的特征,阐述了其研究的科学价值。     

Analysis of F, Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ca and Mg concentrations in brick teas from main producing areas in China

Brick-tea-type fluorosis is a peculiar endemic disease in China, which had been discovered in minority areas of western China since 1980, and distributed mainly in Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai and parts of Sichuan Province. The prevalence rate of fluorosis in Tibetan and Mongolian nationality people was higher. Epidemiological investigation showed that fluorosis morbidity and degrees were different in different brick-tea drinking areas, and it was probably caused by drinking various kinds of brick tea from different regions. Therefore, we collected 33 samples of brick tea from six provinces where minority nationalities were accustomed to drinking a large quantity of brick tea. F concentrations were determined by the combustion hydrolysis-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that among the brick teas, the F concentrations ranged from the minimum 74.1 mg/kg in Yunnan Province to the maximum 991.2 mg/kg in Sichuan Province. Besides, there was a great difference among the various kinds of brick tea, and F concentrations decreased in the order of Kang brick tea, Green brick tea, Black brick tea, Mi brick tea, Fu brick tea, Chitsu ping tea, Puerh tea, and Tuo tea. The average F concentration in brick teas was 431.92 mg/kg.     

日本北海道音调津的球状石墨

本文利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜等手段对日本北海道音调津球状石墨的成因、结构等进行研究,认为日本北海道音调津球状石墨中除了石墨外,还存在镍黄铁矿﹑黄铜矿﹑磁黄铁矿等金属硫化物矿物。通过透射电子显微镜观察发现音调津石墨中大部分是椭圆状石墨颗粒,高分辨晶格条纹主要是非晶态结构,但是同时也发现了结晶良好的石墨。高结晶度石墨的存在可能是在硫化物Fe-Ni-Cu的触媒作用下形成的。天然球状石墨的微结构和性状研究对天然石墨的形成和开发应用有重要意义,对新型碳材料的制备技术有重要科学意义。     

夏季长江河口潮间带反硝化作用和N2O的排放与吸收

采用培养箱乙炔抑制和现场静态箱法,于夏季(7月)在长江河口潮滩潮间带进行了采样,研究表明,长江河口潮滩水体自身N2O产生速率很低,在潮汐淹没期沉积物是上覆水体N2O的来源,其来自沉积物中反硝化、硝化等氮素循环的多个反应过程,沉积物中N2O自然产生速率在0.10～8.50μmol/(m2·h)之间,反硝化速率在21.91～35.87μmol/(m2·h)之间。退潮出露期中潮滩是大气N2O的排放源犤交换速率在-11.03～13.17μmol/(m2·h)之间犦,5～10cm地温是影响N2O排放速率的显著性因素;低潮滩-大气界面N2O排放、吸收速率在-5.75～0.49μmol/(m2·h)之间。总体上看,中潮滩是大气N2O的排放源;而低潮滩对大气N2O有明显的吸收作用。潮滩植被(海三棱草和底栖藻类)的光合作用明显抑制了N2O的排放并可能导致吸收,而其呼吸作用则增加了N2O的排放,潮间带-大气界面N2O的排放和吸收与CO2的排放、吸收有显著的正相关关系。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

冀北张家口地区汉诺坝玄武岩中麻粒岩捕虏体的硫化物相

捕虏体麻粒岩是了解下地壳形成和演化的重要样品。汉诺坝新生代玄武岩中的二辉麻粒岩捕虏体样品中富含各种硫化物相,主要类型有:①孤立产出的球状出溶硫化物;②矿物颗粒之间或颗粒内的粗晶硫化物;③次生硫化物包裹体群;④裂隙充填硫化物。电子探针分析表明,硫化物的矿物成分均为贫镍磁黄铁矿,(Ni+Co+Cu)/Fe(原子比)远小于0.2;(Fe+Cu+Co+Ni)/S(原子比)比地幔岩的磁黄铁矿小,多小于0.875,反映了一种S过饱和环境。各种产状的磁黄铁矿中Au、Ag都有一定的含量,其平均值分别为0.19%～0.22%(Au)、0.01%～0.02%(Ag),反映下地壳的麻粒岩化与金矿化的成因联系。磁黄铁矿的Ni、Co、Cu含量与S正相关,说明微量重金属元素与S具有同源的关系,由于地幔去气伴随S而进入下地壳。     

Compositional evolution in Ca-amphibole in the Karmutsen metabasites, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

Abstract The 6-km-thick Karmutsen metabasites, exposed over much of Vancouver Island, were thermally metamorphosed by intrusions of Jurassic granodiorite and granite. Observations of about 800 thin sections from the Campbell River and Buttle Lake area show that the metabasites provide a complete succession of mineral assemblages ranging from the zeolite to pyroxene hornfels facies around the intrusion. The most important observations are as follows. (1) The compositional change of Ca-amphiboles with increasing metamorphic grade is not straightforward. The tremolite component decreases from the prehnite–actinolite facies to the greenschist facies with a compensating tschermak component increase, but the tendency is not clear thereafter. Instead, the edenite component increases from the amphibolite facies to the pyroxene hornfels facies. (2) The most pargasitic Ca-amphibole occurs in high-Fe²⁺/Mg metabasite from the greenschist/amphibolite transition zone. (3) The reasons for such irregular compositional trends, even in the rather uniform MORB-like composition of the Karmutsen metabasites, are non-ideal solid solutions of Ca-amphibole at low temperature and the effective control by bulk rock composition in the amphibolite facies. (4) The data from this study support, but do not prove, a transition loop for the actinolite–hornblende compositional gap rather than a solvus. If the gap is a solvus, its shape is asymmetric, and is highly dependent on the other compositional parameters such as Fe³⁺/Al and Fe²⁺/Mg. (5) The X_NaA/X_A±X_Ab) ratios between Ca-amphibole and plagioclase are most useful as an indicator of metamorphic grade even within the amphibolite facies, and these change systematically from 0.2 to 0.5 from the greenschist to pyroxene hornfels facies. (6) The compositional trend of Ca-amphibole from the Karmutsen metabasites indicates a typical low-P/T metamorphic facies series on a Rbk–Gln–Tr–Ts diagram.