一种改进的星载GPS周跳探测与修复方法

周跳探测与修复是星载GPS数据预处理的重要内容。首先使用SWARM卫星实测数据对TurboEdit算法的有效性进行了分析,针对算法在观测噪声较大情况下无法有效探测小周跳的问题,提出了一种改进算法。该算法利用载波相位观测值对伪距组合观测值进行平滑,降低了观测噪声对宽巷模糊度的影响,提高了周跳探测能力。实验结果表明,改进算法能够有效提高小周跳的探测能力。      

星载GPS观测数据预处理模型研究

星载GPS不同于地基GPS。为了进行基于星载GPS的低轨卫星精密定轨和地球重力场模型解算,本文研究了星载GPS观测数据的钟差改正、整周模糊度解算、周跳探测、卫星跟踪点改正、GPS天线相位中心偏移和改正等的模型,给出了对应的处理公式和处理过程。     

星载双频GPS二次周跳探测方法研究

在利用W-M宽巷组合进行周跳初步探测的基础上,加入了新方法进行二次周跳探测。该方法通过利用来自同颗GPS卫星的无电离层影响L3组合相位观测值在相邻历元间的变化量与dm级精度的先验轨道坐标,计算得出星载GPS接收机历元间的钟差变化值。对于存在周跳的载波相位观测值,其计算结果会与同历元其他无周跳观测值解算的钟差变化量存在较大差异。实验结果表明,二次探测可以发现新的周跳并对初步探测结果进行检核。     

一种顾及电离层约束的非差周跳的实时探测与修复方法

提出了一种顾及电离层约束的非差周跳实时探测与修复方法。通过构造3个线性无关的组合观测量,按逐级模糊度确定的思路,分别对超宽巷、宽巷和窄巷进行探测与修复;然后联合三步的探测结果,将周跳恢复到原始载波值上。在宽巷组合上进行了改进,将宽巷波长放大了5.34倍(GPS为3.4倍),由于窄巷波长较短需考虑电离层的影响,对不敏感周跳组合引入电离层残差法辅助窄巷的探测与修复。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地进行周跳的实时探测和修复。     

网络RTK流动站整周模糊度的单历元解算

传统网络RTK模糊度解算方法需要多个历元的观测数据,并且要进行周跳的探测和修复,影响模糊度解算的效率。本文提出一种单历元确定网络RTK双差整周模糊度的新方法。首先利用测码伪距观测值和载波相位观测值的单历元数据组成双差联合观测方程,采用改进LABMDA算法进行两步搜索确定GPS双差相位观测值的宽巷模糊度。确定宽巷模糊度后,再用宽巷模糊度值和载波相位观测值组成新的联合观测方程,大大改善了方程的状态,可以准确解算出GPS双差整周模糊度,显著提高了网络RTK整周模糊度固定的效率。     

基于双频观测值的星载GPS低轨卫星定轨中模糊度求解方案研究

详细探讨基于星载GPS双频观测值的相对定轨中模糊度解算方案、数学模型等问题,并用CHAMP低轨卫星的实测数据对模糊度解算方案进行验证.结果表明,采用Bootstrapping方法先全部或部分解算Melboune-Wubbena(MW)组合的宽巷模糊度,进而求解窄巷模糊度的方法,可以有效提高定轨精度.     

长距离GPS/BDS参考站网多频载波相位整周模糊度解算方法

长距离网络RTK是实现GPS/BDS高精度实时定位的主要手段之一,其核心是长距离参考站网GPS/BDS整周模糊度的快速准确确定。本文提出了一种长距离GPS/BDS参考站网载波相位整周模糊度解算方法,首先利用GPS双频观测数据计算和确定宽巷整周模糊度,同时利用BDS的B2、B3频率观测值确定超宽巷整周模糊度。然后建立GPS载波相位整周模糊度和大气延迟误差的参数估计模型,附加双差宽巷整周模糊度的约束,解算双差载波相位整周模糊度,并建立参考站网大气延迟误差的空间相关模型。根据B2、B3频率的超宽巷整周模糊度建立包含大气误差参数的载波相位整周模糊度解算模型,利用大气延迟误差空间相关模型约束BDS双差载波相位整周模糊度的解算。克服了传统的使用无电离层组合值解算整周模糊度的不利影响。采用实测长距离CORS网GPS、BDS多频观测数据进行算法验证,试验结果证明该方法可实现长距离参考站网GPS/BDS载波相位整周模糊度的准确固定。     

一种GPS周跳探测与修复的组合算法

周跳是影响GPS定位精度的一个重要因素,对周跳的探测与修复一直是个重要问题。首先研究了电离层残差法、宽巷相位减窄巷伪距法两种经典方法的优缺点,提出了一种探测周跳的组合算法。根据周跳的整数特性,利用搜索整数解的思想确定周跳的大小进而修复周跳。经实测数据检验,该算法有效可行,有很强的实用性。     

基于无几何电离层滤波模型的北斗三号系统相位周跳与中断修复方法

高精度位置服务依赖模糊度正确固定的载波相位观测值,而复杂环境的相位周跳和中断给模糊度固定和数据处理带来了巨大挑战。北斗三号系统向全球播发四频和五频信号,为提升周跳处理性能提供了机遇。本文建立了探测多频超宽巷周跳的伪距-相位无几何组合模型,以及探测窄巷周跳的相位-相位无几何组合模型,并以周跳探测成功概率最大为准则确定了多频最优超宽巷和窄巷组合。由于电离层延迟制约了数据中断和电离层变化剧烈情况下的窄巷周跳探测,进而建立了顾及电离层延迟的窄巷周跳探测滤波模型。试验结果表明,对30 s采样间隔,基于无几何组合模型探测周跳的成功率均优于96%;对于3 min的数据中断,基于无几何组合模型的周跳探测成功率仅为70%,但补偿电离层延迟的滤波模型将成功率提升至95%以上。     

BDS/GPS组合单历元基线解算方法

阐述了BDS/GPS单历元解算函数模型的相关理论,并进行了相应的公式推导。在此基础上,利用基于正则化的载波相位解算模型,解算宽巷模糊度。首先将BDS卫星宽巷模糊度值作为约束固定出IGSO和MEO卫星的模糊度;然后再将IGSO和MEO卫星模糊度值作为约束来固定GEO卫星模糊度。通过实测数据对该方法进行测试和分析,结果表明:BDS/GPS组合系统单历元宽巷模糊度成功率为100%;基频模糊度成功率90%以上;N、E、U方向定位精度达到了毫米至厘米级。     

A new automated cycle slip detection and repair method for a single dual-frequency GPS receiver

This paper develops a new automated cycle slip detection and repair method that is based on only one single dual-frequency GPS receiver. This method jointly uses the ionospheric total electron contents (TEC) rate (TECR) and Melbourne–Wübbena wide lane (MWWL) linear combination to uniquely determine the cycle slip on both L1 and L2 frequencies. The cycle slips are inferred from the information of ionospheric physical TECR and MWWL ambiguity at the current epoch and that at the previous epoch. The principle of this method is that when there are cycle slips, the MWWL ambiguity will change and the ionospheric TECR will usually be significantly amplified, the part of artificial TECR (caused by cycle slips) being significantly larger than the normal physical TECR. The TECR is calculated based on the dual-frequency carrier phase measurements, and it is highly accurate. We calculate the ionospheric change information (including TECR and TEC acceleration) using the previous epochs (30 epochs in this study) and use the previous data to predict the TECR for the epoch needing cycle slip detection. If the discrepancy is larger than our defined threshold 0.15 TECU/s, cycle slips are regarded to exist at that epoch. The key rational of method is that during a short period (1.0 s in this study) the TECR of physical ionospheric phenomenon will not exceed the threshold. This new algorithm is tested with eight different datasets (including one spaceborne GPS dataset), and the results show that the method can detect and correctly repair almost any cycle slips even under very high level of ionospheric activities (with an average Kp index 7.6 on 31 March 2001). The only exception of a few detected but incorrectly repaired cycle slip is due to a sudden increased pseudorange error on a single satellite (PRN7) under very active ionosphere on 31 March 2001. This method requires dual-frequency carrier phase and pseudorange data from only one single GPS receiver. The other requirement is that the GPS data rate ideally is 1 Hz or higher in order to detect small cycle slips. It is suitable for many applications where one single receiver is used, e.g. real-time kinematic rover station and precise point positioning. An important feature of this method is that it performs cycle slip detection and repair on a satellite-by-satellite basis; thus, the cycle slip detection and repair for each satellite are completely independent and not affected by the data of other satellites.     

基于载波相位差分的北斗/GPS双模定位系统研究

基于载波相位差分技术的北斗/GPS双模定位系统,提出能够精确定位用户位置的完整相对定位算法。文中详细分析卫星导航的定位监测机理,开发北斗/GPS数据融合的双模式信号采集系统。利用星站在历元间的距离增量为参考值来检测周跳,给出判断周跳的标准。对整周模糊度确定的问题进行研究,给出利用LAMBDA法来快速搜索整周模糊度的算法,编写监测点三维位置的定位监测程序。基于上海司南接收机北斗/GPS相对定位实验得到的数据,验证给出双模导航系统的精确性、可用性和可靠性。     

由星载GPS双差相位数据进行CHAMP卫星动力学定轨

为了确定CHAMP卫星的轨道，由星载GPS数据和IGS跟踪站的GPS数据构造星地相位双差观测量，利用EOP、SGO、时间等数据，对GPS数据进行预处理，包括钟差改正、模糊度解算和周跳探测、卫星姿态改正、天线偏差和相位中心改正等，采用CHAMP卫星受力摄动模型，根据动力学原理，对CHAMP卫星进行实际定轨。与德国GFZ定轨结果PSO相比，本方法定轨结果径向精度为0．2857m。对于1d的重叠轨道，径向轨道差异的RMS为0．0958m。对于轨道端点比较，径向轨道差异平均为0．0666m。     

CORS基准站周跳探测与修复方法研究

在高精度GNSS测量中,周跳的存在直接影响到整周模糊度的解算及最终定位精度。针对目前各省市连续运行基准站网多系统观测数据的获取导致周跳探测工作量增加,该文基于甘肃省卫星定位连续运行基准站网(GSCORS)双频观测值提出了一种满足普遍条件的多系统周跳探测方法。采用相位减伪距结合电离层残差法分别对GPS和BDS原始观测值进行周跳探测与修复,通过对相应载波的模拟周跳探测发现,BDS较大的卫星钟差和伪距噪声影响了数据质量,其周跳检测量时间序列波动大于GPS,对7周以上周跳探测的精度较GPS会有1周的偏差,但电离层残差法能对BDS相位减伪距法探测残留的1周小周跳进行二次探测并修复。实验最终证实该方法能够有效探测并且正确分离GPS和BDS每个频率1周以上的周跳。     

小波技术在GPS基线解算数据预处理中的应用

采用小波技术对GPS观测数据进行处理。应用小波变换技术对GPS相位观测值进行周跳的探测和修复。GPS相位观测值可以作为时间序列来进行分析,作为时间函数,它所表现出来的是一条光滑度很好的曲线,一旦出现周跳,这种光滑性就被破坏,从发生周跳的历元开始,后继相位观测值序列发生等量阶跃,通过小波变换的信号特性检测原理,能够有效地探测出周跳的发生,这种方法对于缩小模糊度搜索空间及提高模糊度解的有效性有明显的作用,从而提高基线解算的精度。     

无初始化的GPS辅助空中三角测量

简要介绍了以航线为单元 ,通过相位平滑递推算法在航求解双差载波相位观测量整周相位模糊度 ,进而确定各摄站空间位置的无初始化GPS动态定位原理 ,对某测区一组实际航摄资料进行GPS数据处理和GPS辅助光束法区域网平差 ,证实所介绍的算法是正确的、有效的 ,所获取的GPS摄站坐标可满足空中三角测量的精度要求 ,并且用该数据与经初始化GPS动态定位获取的GPS摄站坐标数据进行GPS辅助光束法区域网平差的总体精度是完全一致的。     

Zero-difference GPS ambiguity resolution at CNES–CLS IGS Analysis Center

CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales) and CLS (Collecte Localisation Satellites) became an International GNSS Service (IGS) Analysis Center (AC) the 20th of May 2010. Since 2009, we are using the integer ambiguity fixing at the zero-difference level strategy in our software package (GINS/Dynamo) as an alternative to classical differential approaches. This method played a key role among all the improvements in the GPS processing we made during this period. This paper provides to the users the theoretical background, the strategies and the models used to compute the products (GPS orbits and clocks, weekly station coordinate estimates and Earth orientation parameters) that are submitted weekly to the IGS. The practical realization of the two-step, ambiguity-fixing scheme (wide-lane and narrow-lane) is described in detail. The ambiguity fixing improved our orbit overlaps from 6 to 3?cm WRMS in the tangential and normal directions. Since 2008, our products have been also regularly compared to the IGS final solutions by the IGS Analysis Center Coordinator. The joint effects of ambiguity fixing and dynamical model changes (satellite solar radiation pressure and albedo force) improved the consistency with IGS orbits from 35 to 18?mm 3D-WRMS. Our innovative strategy also gives additional powerful properties to the GPS satellite phase clock solutions. Single receiver (zero-difference) ambiguity resolution becomes possible. An overview of the applications is given.     

A strategy for GPS data processing in a precise local network during high solar activity

This paper presents the analyses connected with reduction of errors from ionospheric refraction using GPS data from local satellite networks. This is particularly essential during rising solar activity. The Bernese GPS Software v. 4.2 was used, as an analytical tool. The test data included measurements from a geodynamic network SUDETES situated in the Sudety Mountains across the border between the Czech Republic and Poland. A local ionospheric activity model developed from a regional model augmented with data from a local network has been tested at three levels. The criteria included comparison with a global model, the success rate of ambiguity determination using the quasi-ionosphere free and wide-lane/narrow-lane strategies, and in the position domain through analysis of residuals. The results show that the local model increases the success rate for ambiguity determination for the wide-lane/narrow-lane strategy and is available sooner than the global models. The output of the SUDETES network processing including the models of local ionospheric and tropospheric activity have been used to process data from a number of relatively small networks situated in the Sudety mountains.