开源GIS进展及其典型应用研究

近年来，开源GIS软件取得迅猛发展，越来越多的科研机构、企业和组织开展了开源GIS软件开发和应用研究。本文首先综述了当前主流的开源G1S软件及其典型应用，讨论了开源GIS软件版权许可形式；其次，分别从模块功能、体系架构和开发使用环境等方面分析了主流开源桌面GIS软件和WebGIS的特点，并提出研发和教学方面开源GIS软件选择的建议；最后，讨论了基于GeoServer、Nasa World Wind、MapServer和SharpMap四种开源GIS软件在地图制图、3维可视化表达、网络地理信息服务和移动GIS软件等方面的典型应用实例，对开源GIS的应用和发展前景进行了展望。     

基于开源GIS类库开发DLG入库整合系统

介绍了开源GIS软件的特点与优势,并结合DLG生产的实际情况,采用C＃语言在AutoCAD 平台下,实现了基于开源GIS类库NTS的数据入库整合系统的研发,阐述主要关键模块的实现方法。     

GIS开源软件应用探讨

回顾了GIS开源软件的发展现状，分析了当前业内对GIS开源软件的认识误区，指出了GIS开源软件的优势以及引进和利用的可能性和必要性，并针对国内GIS应用的现状介绍了一个基于GIS开源软件的地理信息服务架构，以期推动GIS开源软件在国内的进展。     

跨平台开源桌面GIS软件的设计与实现

GIS软件开源可有效促进GIS软件技术的发展,这也是GIS技术发展的趋势之一。目前,国内还没有跨平台的专业桌面GIS开源软件。本文研究并实现了跨平台的开源桌面GIS软件-SuperMap iDesktop Cross,采用C++语言实现了GIS功能内核,同时基于OSGi框架,采用Java语言实现了用户界面开发。该软件具备数据管理、数据处理、三维可视化、空间分析等GIS功能,同时提供应用程序编程接口（API）,支持定制开发。这将使专业桌面GIS软件广泛应用于包括Linux在内的更广泛的操作系统,使更多的人参与到GIS软件技术的发展中来,共同推动国产GIS软件技术的发展。     

基于开源软件的GIS教学研究

对开源GIS软件用于GIS基础理论和开发实践教学的必要性和可行性进行论证,从功能、开发应用环境和成熟度等方面提出不同知识点GIS理论教学对开源GIS软件选择方法,设计一个基于开源MapServer软件的WebGIS教学案例.结果表明,开源GIS软件用于GIS教学能够加强学生对知识的全面了解,取得了预期的效果.     

未来GIS发展的技术趋势展望

基于对最新IT的追踪,提出了GIS技术的6大发展趋势。Linux操作系统、云计算、ARM低功耗计算平台、物联网、移动互联网、大数据技术、开源软件等的突飞猛进,推动智慧城市、地理智慧的发展,使得GIS功能为大众所用,拉开了新一轮GIS技术的变革,改变了GIS软件研发和应用模式。     

开源体系在GIS软件开发课程中的应用

商用GIS软件在GIS教学中的应用削弱了学生对原理和算法的认知和探索,有必要采用开源GIS体系进行代替。本文针对GIS软件开发系列课程的教学目标和知识点,对开源GIS软件体系进行了分类,并从许可协议、开发模式等方面提出了一套涉及GIS软件底层开发、桌面端开发、WebGIS开发和移动GIS开发的开源解决方案。通过教学实践证明,本文提出的开源解决方案能够显著提升学生的GIS软件开发技能。     

基于开源框架的WebGIS设计与实现

GIS的发展方向是开放,包括体系结构的开放,数据模型的开放,以及开发者思想观念的开放。GIS与开源的结合无论从理论还是实践上都将GIS推向大众之路。基于开源的WebGIS建设已经成为当前GIS界的研究发展方向,应用前景广阔。鉴于此,本文重点提出了基于开源体系架构建设WebGIS的关键技术、数据建模、系统架构以及实现方法。     

开源WebGIS软件应用开发技术和方法研究

本文探讨了GIS开源软件的原理及功能,使用开源软件建立了WebGIS体系结构.通过对GIS开源软件的详细对比、分析后,从功能、是否支持规范与标准、软件兼容性、发展前景等方面考虑,最终选取了OpenLayers作为客户端、GeoSetver作为服务器端、PostGIS作为数据库建立了WebGIS体系结构.本文以某市为例,...     

开源GIS在WebGIS中的应用初探

由于开源GIS的快速发展和功能逐步的完善,尝试利用开源GIS软件实现在网络GIS中的应用,通过运用空间数据库PostGIS、开源OGC服务器GeoServer和WebGIS客户端OpenLayers实现全球H1N1流感疫情地图的发布。目的在于为小型地理信息系统项目探索一些免费开源的解决方法和思路。     

基于开源平台构建WebGIS应用系统

本文介绍了开源GIS平台Geoserver及开源客户端OpenLayers,在此基础之上架构了一个三层B/S结构的WebGlS的应用系统,分析了各层的基本功能;对WebGIS系统的GIS服务器配置、空间数据库创建、客户端实现过程中涉及的部分关键技术及解决方法进行了详细的阐述.实验结果表明,基于开源GIS平台可以开发低成...     

基于MapServer的教育地理信息系统构建

基于Web的教育地理信息系统(EDUGIS)是教育信息化建设的重要组成部分.本文以WebGIS开源平台MapServer为框架,设计了教育地理信息系统的框架和功能结构.引入Ajax技术的组织结构,并结合开源数据库PostgreSQL开发了网络教育地理信息系统.该系统可以直观地对各种形式的教育地理信息进行显示和查询,对教...     

Modeling of Landslide‐Generated Tsunamis with GRASS

The following research aims to enhance and spread the capacity of assessing risk due to landslide‐generated tsunamis by fostering the use of a GIS (Geographic Information System), and in this particular instance, an Open Source GIS (where “Open Source” can be loosely defined as freely available source code). For this purpose, we tested a procedure to be spatially implemented in the Open Source GRASS GIS through developing a module named r.impact.tsunami that simulates landslide‐generated tsunami. In this article we present its application in a case study performed on Como Lake (Lago di Como) in northern Italy. The review of the results identified sources of uncertainties while the model sensitivity outlined the influence of the parameters governing the model. Moreover, in order to verify the model validity, we implemented a new module (r.swe), that simulates the tsunami propagation and run‐up with the shallow water equations, and compared the results. Notwithstanding non‐negligible differences, the two models produced results of the same magnitude; this confirmed the validity of both models, although a rigorous validation of the models could not be performed due to the lack of observed data.     

Building Web-Based Spatial Information Solutions around Open Specifications and Open Source Software

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are moving from isolated, standalone, monolithic, proprietary systems working in a client‐server architecture to smaller web‐based applications and components offering specific geo‐processing functionality and transparently exchanging data among them. Interoperability is at the core of this new web services model. Compliance with Open Specifications (OS) enables interoperability. Web‐GIS software's high costs, complexity and special requirements have prevented many organizations from deploying their data and geo‐processing capabilities over the World Wide Web. There are no‐cost Open Source Software (OSS) alternatives to proprietary software for operating systems, web servers, and Relational Database Management Systems. We tested the potential of the combined use of OS and OSS to create web‐based spatial information solutions. We present in detail the steps taken in creating a prototype system to support land use planning in Mexico with web‐based geo‐processing capabilities currently not present in commercial web‐GIS products. We show that the process is straightforward and accessible to a broad audience of geographic information scientists and developers. We conclude that OS and OSS allow the development of web‐based spatial information solutions that are low‐cost, simple to implement, compatible with existing information technology infrastructure, and have the potential of interoperating with other systems and applications in the future.     

Who's Watching Your Food? A Flexible Framework for Public Health Monitoring1

By responding to potentially life‐threatening emergencies such as foodborne illnesses and water contamination, U.S. public health agencies play a vital role in promoting human health and protecting the environment. Local, state, and federal partners must collaborate to strategically plan initiatives, allocate resources, and evaluate emergency response activities. These collaborative decision‐making processes can be improved by using web‐based mapping applications for visualization and analysis. We developed a web‐based GIS framework which is applied to public health data for North Carolina's (NC) Department of Health and Human Services. The application visualizes all state‐regulated food service facilities and supports query and analysis tools crucial for food recalls or radiation contamination tracking. Built with PostgreSQL/PostGIS, GeoServer, and a customized GeoExplorer map viewer, the framework delivers a web‐based mapping tool that is flexible and Open Source. The flexibility of the framework is an important dimension of its scalability, allowing it to be customizable, modular, and portable so that it is easily configurable to support additional research and education initiatives. This approach reverses a trend toward application‐specific web mapping development in Open Source GIS. To demonstrate flexibility, we configured an additional website for forest landowner management to be used by another state agency, the NC Forest Service.     

Web Geoservices and Ancient Cadastral Maps: The Web C.A.R.T.E. Project

In the State Archive of Como, Northern Italy, about 15,000 historical maps belonging to different national cadastral productions are preserved. The Web C.A.R.T.E. project was started to enhance the accessibility of this valuable cartographic heritage using FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) technologies. The system, which implements specific web geoservices for cataloguing and visualization, should assist the State Archive of Como in the digital management of its cartographic resources and related information. After the high‐resolution digitization step, maps undergo a georeferencing operation. A special statistical procedure for choosing the best mathematical model was developed, verifying also strengths and weaknesses of georeferencing with a common free and Open Source GIS. Next, metadata consistent with current Italian standards were added to the georeferenced maps using an ad hoc localized version of GeoNetwork Opensource (recently provided as the official Italian version of the software). A dedicated WebGIS system was built for publishing the georeferenced cadastral maps. This system is capable of navigating large raster data in a georeferenced framework and easily retrieving their metadata. The WebGIS system for the State Archive of Como is an important contribution for the preservation of the original historical paper maps and also a great modernization and simplification of the end user's access to this archive.     

基于开源平台的中小型WebGIS应用研究

侧重分析了开源WebGIS平台的技术特点,并根据其成本低廉和良好的扩展性、部署的灵活性,提出采用开源平台构建中小型WebGIS应用的解决方案,对于普及GIS应用,促进地理空间信息共享具有借鉴意义。     

Virtual Coast Guard: An Open and Crowdsourced GIS Portal for Stewardship of India's Coast

India's coastline is under tremendous pressure. The current processes of development are becoming a threat to the ecology and livelihoods housed on the coast. If left unchecked, there will not be much of a coast left for our future generations. GIS provides tremendous opportunities to map spatial information for better decision‐making. Government agencies generate maps, but they are localized and inaccessible, preventing an actual assessment of the damage that is already happening to our coast. The Coastal Area Mapping Project (CAMP) envisions creating a collaborative GIS platform using open source technologies. CAMP's vision is to use Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) for collaboration and cocreation and collective problem solving. CAMP foresees a vision for India's coastline where power is equalized among all constituencies (Government, corporations, media, communities, civil societies, etc.), by capturing the big picture and patterns, thus enabling the creation of strategies for stewardship of India's coastline for human wellbeing, coastal protection and sustainable coastal development.     

基于开源软件的WebGIS服务器构建

随着Internet的发展,WebGIS已经成为GIS发展的必然趋势.开源软件具有成本低、稳定性和安全性高的优点,成为许多中小型WebGIS项目的首选.本文先是介绍了WebGIS的基本原理,然后选择了需要的开源软件:开源操作系统Linux、开源应用软件Apache、MapServer、PostgreSQL/PostGIS,之后使用这些软件构建了WebGIS服务器并论述了服务器工作流程,最后介绍了开源WebGIS的一个具体应用.     

Can Free (and Open Source) Software and Data be Used to Underpin a Self‐Paced Tutorial on Spatial Databases?

University College London's Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering (CEGE) offers a number of Masters programmes in topics related to Geomatics, including Surveying, Hydrographic Surveying, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Science. Data management, and in particular the technology and applications of Spatial Databases, forms a key part of the curriculum on these courses. Interest in Spatial Databases is, however, more widespread – especially with the increasing understanding of the relevance of geospatial techniques to fields as diverse as anthropology and architecture. This article describes the development and evaluation of a self‐paced hands‐on course on Databases and Spatial Databases for CEGE students, presented to students to complement and enhance in‐class teaching. The article focuses on both pedagogical elements of self‐paced learning and the suitability of Free and Open Source Software and Open Data (PostgreSQL/PostGIS, Quantum GIS, Open Street Map) for the Spatial Databases curriculum. The resulting material was evaluated by a cohort of 25 students in 2010, and their feedback (very positive) and the overall results provide an interesting insight into suitable methods to employ when teaching technical subjects to a cohort having differing background skill levels.