新疆沙雅县新垦农场水源地工程开发方案比选分析

在水文地质测绘、勘探、现场试验和TEM地球物理勘探等工作基础上，建立三维含水结构模型，通过数值模拟方法对水源地开发规模进行比选分析。通过 3个不同提水方案比选，结果表明：每年 1000×10 4 m 3的地下水开采量所形成的地下水位最大降深位为 9．67m，水位恢复后地下水位降深介于 1～1．5m（地下水埋深 3～5m），对减少蒸发、降低土壤盐渍化作用显著。长期预测模型显示：在工程实施的第三年，地下水位控制在临界深度附近并保持稳定。经方案比选后新疆沙雅县新垦农场水源地地下水开采量确定为 1000×10 4 m 3／a，可以满足春灌及控制地下水位到临界深度的需要。     

塔里木与扬子新元古代热-构造事件特征、序列和时代——扬子与塔里木连接(YZ-TAR)假设

淄博市大武水源地是中国北方罕见的特大型岩溶-裂隙地下水水源地,地下水开采量为52×10~4m~3/d。为了对岩溶地下水进行有效监测,需要建立最优的地下水监测网。文中在对岩溶地下水流系统分析的基础上,建立了地下水流系统确定性-随机性数学模型,运用有限元与卡尔曼滤波耦合的模拟递推算法,对大武水源地地下水监测网进行了优化设计,结果显示:现有地下水位动态监测网难以达到监测目标,最优地下水位监测网由14个监测井,每月监测一次的监测频率组成,比现有地下水位监测网减少了2个监测井。     

峄城东郊水源地地下水资源量均衡评价

水是经济发展和社会进步的生命线,研究地下水资源赋存规律,计算地下水资源量,对于地下水可持续开发利用及水环境保护具有重要意义。峄城东郊水源地上部为第四系粘性土,下部为奥陶系马家沟组石灰岩,马家沟组石灰岩是主要含水岩层,地下水运动受到峄城断裂、吴林断裂、泥沟断裂和肖桥断裂的影响。根据水源地地下水特征建立均衡方程式,经计算水源地地下水补给量为1.58×10~4m~3/d、排泄量为7.91×10~3m~3/d,当地下水位降深20 m时静储量为1.06×10~7m~3、弹性储量为8.80×10~4m~3。     

南乐县睢庄水源地地下水资源评价

睢庄水源地属黄河冲洪积平原,地势平坦,海拔在44.3~49.2 m之间,自西南略向东北倾斜,比降为0.25‰。在分析睢庄地区水文地质条件及地下水开采现状的基础上,结合开采方案,采用解析法及水均衡法,对水源地中层和深层地下水允许开采量进行评价。计算结果显示,中层地下水允许开采量10 360.16 m~3/d;深层地下水允许开采量10 186.25 m~3/d;中、深层地下水各新增开1×10~4m~3/d是有保证的。水源地建成后,中、深层地下水降落漏斗的半径为5 300 m、7 100 m。     

石家庄市应急水源地开采方案设计与优选

通过对石家庄市应急水源地设计不同开采规模的开采方案,进行水位预报,并对预报结果从水源地供水安全、对当地城市、农业用水影响等不同方面进行分析,优选出两种建议开采方案:小水量方案,即正定南化水源地的开采量为10×104m3 d,新乐曲都水源地的开采量为10×104m3 d,新乐西五楼水源地的开采量为5×104m3 d,总开采量为25×104m3 d;大水量方案,即正定南化水源地的开采量为10×104m3 d,新乐曲都水源地的开采量为15×104m3 d,新乐西五楼水源地的开采量为10×104m3 d,总开采量为35×104m3 d。     

降水、河流径流量与开采对西安地区潜水流场影响分析

为定量分析降水、径流和开采对西安地区潜水流场影响程度,应用小波变换、最小二乘相关分析等研究方法,对区域平均地下水位,水源地漏斗中心水位及漏斗面积与降水、径流和开采变化之间的特征进行了研究。结果表明:1986—2010年期间,平均地下水位随降水量的增大呈线性函数递增趋势,降水量每增加100 mm,平均水位上升0.77 m,漏斗中心水位变化速率随降水量的增大呈直线下降趋势,年均降水量每增加100 mm,漏斗中心水位上升0.7 m(灞河水源地)、0.27 m(沣皂河水源地)和0.14 m(渭滨水源地);1986—2010年期间,径流量每增加1×10~8m~3,区域平均水位上升0.9~1.98 m,漏斗中心水位上升0.32~2.36 m,漏斗面积减小0.019~13.2 km2;1998—2010年期间,地下水开采量每增加0.1×10~8m~3,区域平均水位降幅达1.14~5.37 m,水源地漏斗中心水位降幅0.94~5.76 m,漏斗面积扩大0.44~27 km2;关联度分析表明,降水、开采是西安地区潜水流场变异的主导因素。     

河南濮阳市傍河水源地地下水资源评价

为摸清河南濮阳市傍河水源地浅层地下水资源状况,对地下水资源总量进行计算和评价。结果表明,利用水均衡法计算区内地下水补给量为6.122×10~4m~3/d,排泄量为6.126×10~4m~3/d,排泄量略大于补给量,均衡差为0.004×10~4m~3/d,计算水位与实测水位基本接近,表明计算所选参数比较合理,计算的补给量和排泄量比较可靠;采用数值法计算和评价新增水源地允许开采量,水源地地下水补给量与排泄量基本平衡,水位达到稳定状态,水位降深在约定范围之内,说明水源地设计新增1.6×10~4m~3/d是可靠的。     

Modflow在新疆博州地下水资源评价中的应用研究

地下水过量开采已经引起新疆博州平原区地下水位持续下降,降落漏斗逐年扩大,艾比湖湿地萎缩以及一系列环境问题。在分析平原区水文地质条件的基础上,建立了博州平原区水文地质概念模型和地下水流数学模型。进一步利用Processing Modflow建立了平原区地下水数值模拟模型,并利用地下水位长期监测资料对模型参数进行了识别验证,使模型具有较好的模拟仿真度。利用识别后的模型预测了在两种开采方案下,研究区地下水位变化情况,结果可知:在地下水均衡分析的基础上, 2014年博州平原区地下水补给资源量为58 775×10~4 m~3/a,若维持现状开采,地下水水位将持续下降,形成更大的降落漏斗;提出将地下水开采量减少到40 000×10~4 m~3/a,可作为博州平原区适宜的地下水开采量,有助于区域地下水位得到逐渐恢复。     

基于GMS的傍河应急水源地地下水资源评价

依据铜陵太平－钟仓应急水源地水文地质条件构建水文地质概念模型.在此基础上,利用三维可视化软件GMS建立水源地地下水流数值模拟模型,并对模型进行了识别和验证.模型模拟期为一个应急供水周期180 d（2017－01～2017－06）,水源地开采层位为承压水.模拟结果表明：在采用均匀布井方案和限定开采井水位降深不超过承压含水层顶板的条件下,水源地允许开采量为11.94×10⁴ m³/d,达大型水源地规模（5×10⁴ m³/d<允许开采量<15×10⁴ m³/d）;水源地承压水在应急开采条件下,激发了长江侧渗补给量,袭夺量占水源地开采总量的27.82%.同时,通过模型模拟数据对傍河水源地地下水与地表水转换规律进行了初步探讨.     

岩溶塌陷易发区地下水安全开采控制——以珠三角广花盆地城市应急水源地为例

以珠三角广花盆地城市应急水源地为例,通过野外现场抽水和室内临界水力梯度试验对比,分析了地下水安全开采的控制条件。结果显示:广花盆地的岩溶塌陷是可通过控制水位降深等方法进行防控的,当地下水开采水位降深控制在9 m以内时,可大幅度降低岩溶塌陷概率。该结果可直接作为企业进行地下水安全开采的控制性指标和政府管理部门安全管控的决策性指标。由于地质条件的差异性,在实际开采地下水过程中,不能机械地依赖单一的地下水水位降深控制指标,应根据抽水影响半径以及各地不同的临界水力坡度分地段控制地下水位降深,或者改变开采方式,以达到充分利用地下水资源的目的。建议在实际抽水期间制订突发灾害预案,加强地下水监测工作,实时掌握地下水和其他影响因素变化动态。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of