高拱坝体系整体抗震安全评价方法研究

采用非线性地震波动反应分析方法，将坝体、地基、库水的强震反应本质上作为满足体系中接触面边界约束条件的波传播问题，在时域内以显式有限元方法求解。在不同概率水平的地震波作用下进行高拱坝与地基体系的有限元时程分析，并建议了以坝体位移反应发生突变为依据的拱坝体系整体失稳判断准则，从而建立了进行高拱坝体系整体抗震安全评价的方法，并以小湾拱坝为算例，对其抗震安全度作出初步评价。     

双曲砌石拱坝的静力和抗震性能分析

采用三维有限元方法,分析了双曲砌石拱坝在不同工况下的变形和应力变化规律,以了解坝体在设计条件下的工作性态和对坝体的抗震安全性能进行评估。结果表明,坝体的应力及变形基本满足承载要求,其结论和成果对于其他同类拱坝结构分析具有参考价值。     

比例边界有限元子结构法研究

比例边界有限元法最初应用于土-结构的相互作用分析，经过近几年的完善和发展，如今已经能够应用到其他很多领域。但是因为比例边界有限元理论是基于相似性要求的，使得其在处理几何形状复杂的结构时，会有很大的局限性，从而在某些领域的应用仍旧受到限制。同时由于其全时空耦合，导致大量计算量和工作量，也是其应用受限的一个原因。采用子结构法，打破这些局限性，并且分别针对有限域、无限域的问题，对比例边界有限元子结构法进行了研究，得出了有利于比例边界有限元法在工程实践中应用的结论，为其在实际工程应用中提供了可靠的依据和规律。     

库水-淤砂层-坝体-坝基体系地震响应分析

针对我国西部水利工程结构面临的地震安全问题，特别是混凝土高拱坝的抗震安全设计，以小湾水电站混凝土高拱坝为研究对象，进行了库水-淤砂层-坝体-坝基体系的耦合动力分析，同时考虑了复杂的坝基地形、正常蓄水位的库水以及常年运行而堆积的淤沙层的影响。主要内容有：(1)基于传递矩阵法及二维有限元，实现了复杂峡谷地形的自由场计算；(2)基于水-饱和多孔介质-固体的统一计算框架，实现了库水-淤沙层-坝体-坝基体系的三维地震响应分析算法。最后，分别以脉冲波和地震波作为输入，探讨了小湾拱坝的地震响应规律及库水淤沙层对拱坝地震响应的影响。结果表明：坝体顶部中心区域会承受较大的拉、压应力；而库水底部淤砂层对坝体的位移及应力影响并不显著。     

土-结构动力相互作用问题分析中地震动输入的一种新方法

为实现地震作用下土-结构动力相互作用问题的有限元模拟,需要在人工边界上完成地震动的有效输入,目前工程和科研中常用的地震动输入方法有两种:波动输入方法和振动输入方法。波动输入方法的模拟精度高,但实施上相对复杂且耗时,而振动输入方法处理简单,但模拟精度较低。针对应力型人工边界提出一种在人工边界上实现地震动输入的新方法,该方法通过对土-结构有限元模型中由人工边界节点及相邻节点组成的局部子结构施加自由波场位移时程并进行动力分析,从而直接获得可实现地震波动有效输入的等效地震荷载,然后在土-结构有限元模型的人工边界节点上施加等效输入地震荷载并完成动力计算,由此完成土-结构动力相互作用问题的地震动输入和地震反应计算。与原有波动输入方法相比,新方法避免了原方法需分别计算人工边界上自由场应力和由引入人工边界条件引起的附加力,以及需要根据不同人工边界面的外法线方向确定荷载作用方向等较为复杂的处理过程,具有等效地震荷载计算简便、地震动输入过程更易于实施的特点。采用均匀弹性半空间和成层弹性半空间一维地震反应算例初步验证新方法的正确性和可靠性。     

有横缝拱坝的非线性动力模型试验和计算分析研究

本文通过在大型三向地震模拟振动台上进行的设置伸缩横缝的某拱坝非线性动力模型试验，应用非线性有限元动力分析程序同时进行计算分析，全面系统地研究了拱坝横缝对坝体动力特性和地震反应的影响，并对计算程序进行了改进。试验与计算结果相互印证，验证了试验成果的可靠性和计算分析模型、计算程序与计算结果的合理性。     

基于高阶双渐近透射边界的大坝-库水动力相互作用直接耦合分析模型

高阶双渐近时域透射边界能够同时模拟行波和快衰波的传播,并且能够在全频范围内迅速逼近准确解,具有优良的收敛性能和计算效率.本文将动水压力波高阶双渐近透射边界直接嵌入到近场有限元方程中,建立了大坝-库水动力相互作用的直接耦合分析模型.该模型的整体控制方程保留了近场有限元方程系数矩阵对称稀疏的优势,可以方便地利用现有的通用有限元求解器求解.基于有限元开源软件框架体系OpenSees（Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation）,编程实现了直接耦合分析模型,并将其应用于二维重力坝、三维拱坝与库水动力相互作用分析.数值算例表明,该直接耦合分析模型具有很高的精度和计算效率.     

高拱坝伸缩横缝间布设阻尼器对坝体地震反应影响的研究

对设置伸缩横缝的小湾高拱坝结构，应用子结构理论，分别就正常高水位与常遇低水位两种水位工况，考虑坝体伸缩横缝在地震交变荷载作用下反复开合引起的缝面间滑移、接触等效应的影响，坝体-库水的相互作用而产生的动水压力的影响，对坝体的抗震性能进行了地震反应分析。对伸缩缝间设置阻尼器这新的设计思想进行了可行性的研究，论证推导了阻尼器的计算模型，探讨了阻尼器对坝体抗震性能的影响。     

土-结构动力相互作用人工边界分析及试验验证

利用有限元软件Ansys二次开发语言apdl进行二次开发,将多次透射边界(MTF边界)和弹阻边界(V-S边界)添加到软件中,从而实现对土-结构动力相互作用问题中无限域场地的模拟。以野外大比例(1/2)土-箱基-框架结构试验模型的牵引释放自由振动试验(波源问题)和爆破震动试验(散射问题)数据为基础,通过有限元数值计算结果和试验结果的对比可知,施加了人工边界的土体模型可以较好地模拟波在无限域土体中的传播,有效地减少有限元计算模拟时的计算规模。同时多次透射边界在计算精度以及散射问题中地震波输入的便捷性方面要优于弹阻边界。     

考虑坝体材料非线性的混凝土拱坝地震反应分析

本文基于可信概率水准的破坏性强震作用,针对小湾高拱坝进行了考虑坝体材料非线性的拱坝地震反应分析。在分析模型中,同时考虑了无约束域地震能量辐射效应和近域地基材料非均匀性的影响。为了实现非线性条件下的静、动力组合分析,利用显式有限元结合修正的黏弹性人工边界的开放系统时域静、动力统一分析方法进行了求解,对在自重作用下的初始静力解计算采用了动力松弛技术。     

Dynamic interaction numerical models in the time domain based on the high performance scaled boundary finite element method

Consideration of structure-foundation-soil dynamic interaction is a basic requirement in the evaluation of the seismic safety of nuclear power facilities. An efficient and accurate dynamic interaction numerical model in the time domain has become an important topic of current research. In this study, the scaled boundary finite element method （SBFEM） is improved for use as an effective numerical approach with good application prospects. This method has several advantages, including dimensionality reduction, accuracy of the radial analytical solution, and unlike other boundary element methods, it does not require a fundamental solution. This study focuses on establishing a high performance scaled boundary finite element interaction analysis model in the time domain based on the acceleration unit-impulse response matrix, in which several new solution techniques, such as a dimensionless method to solve the interaction force, are applied to improve the numerical stability of the actual soil parameters and reduce the amount of calculation. Finally, the feasibility of the time domain methods are illustrated by the response of the nuclear power structure and the accuracy of the algorithms are dynamically verified by comparison with the refinement of a large-scale viscoelastic soil model.     

Three-dimensional nonlinear seismic analysis of concrete faced rockfill dams subjected to scattered P,SV, and SH waves considering the dam–foundation interaction effects

In this study, the nonlinear seismic analysis of a typical three-dimensional concrete faced rockfill dam is reported. Three components of the Loma Prieta (Gilroy 1 station) earthquake acceleration time history are used as input excitation. The dam under study is considered as if it were located in a prismatic canyon with a trapezoidal cross-section. A nonlinear model for the rockfill material is used, and contact elements with Coulomb friction law are utilized at the slab–rockfill interface. Vertical joints in the face slab are also considered in the finite element model. A substructure method, in which the unbounded soil is modelled by the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM), is used to obtain the scattered motion and interaction forces along the canyon. The dam is subjected to spatially variable P, SV, and SH waves, and the effect of dam–foundation interaction and the reservoir water effects are considered. The results are compared with the non-scattered input motion analysis. Results of the analyses indicate that due to applying the scattered motion to the canyon the response of the dam and concrete face slab significantly increases. The reservoir water pressure affects the tensile stresses induced in the face slab by reducing the uplift movement of the concrete panels.Large horizontal axial forces are induced in the face slab due to out-of-phase and out-of-plane motions of the abutments. Although the normal movements of vertical joints are reduced due to the reservoir water confinement, the opening movements are still significant, and the local failure of construction joints is inevitable.     

An efficient approach for frequency-domain and time-domain hydrodynamic analysis of dam–reservoir systems

An efficient procedure is developed for the hydrodynamic analysis of dam–reservoir systems. The governing equations of hydrodynamic pressure in the frequency as well as time domain are derived in the framework of the scaled boundary finite element method. The water compressibility and absorption of reservoir sediments can be conveniently taken into consideration. By extending the reservoir to infinity with uniform cross-section, only the dam–reservoir interface needs to be discretized to model the fluid domain, and the hydrodynamic pressure in the stream direction is solved analytically. Several numerical examples including a gravity dam with an inclined upstream face and an arch dam with a reservoir of arbitrary cross-section are provided to demonstrate the computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Transient analysis of wave propagation in non‐homogeneous elastic unbounded domains by using the scaled boundary finite‐element method

The scaled boundary finite‐element method has been developed for the dynamic analysis of unbounded domains. In this method only the boundary is discretized resulting in a reduction of the spatial dimension by one. Like the finite‐element method no fundamental solution is required. This paper extends the scaled boundary finite‐element method to simulate the transient response of non‐homogeneous unbounded domains with the elasticity modulus and mass density varying as power functions of spatial coordinates. To reduce the number of degrees of freedom and the computational cost, the technique of reduced set of base functions is applied. The scaled boundary finite‐element equation for an unbounded domain is reformulated in generalized coordinates. The resulting acceleration unit‐impulse response matrix is obtained and assembled with the equation of motion of standard finite elements. Numerical examples of non‐homogeneous isotropic and transversely isotropic unbounded domains demonstrate the accuracy of the scaled boundary finite‐element method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

有缝拱坝-地基系统非线性地震波动反应分析方法

拱坝坝体中缝界面在地震作用下的开、合模拟对拱坝地震反应有重要影响。目前在拱坝地震反应分析中应用的一些模型,如Ｆｅｎｖｅｓ模型、Ｄｏｗｌｉｎｇ的三参数模型,存在对缝界面的接触状态模拟精度不高的问题,这对于准确评价工程上关心的缝界面最大张开率是不足的。此外,坝基中存在的断层、节理、裂隙待软弱夹层的非线性力学特性和无限地基能量辐射作用对拱坝地震反应也有重要影响。在拱坝地震反应分析中同时考虑这三种影响因素     

Nonlinear seismic response analysis of arch dam-foundation systems- part I dam-foundation rock interaction

The arch dam–foundation rock dynamic interaction and the nonlinear opening and closing effects of contact joints on arch dam are important to the seismic response analysis of arch dams. Up to date, there is not yet a reasonable and rigorous procedure including the two factors in seismic response analysis. The methods for the analysis of arch dam–foundation rock dynamic interaction in frequency domain are not suitable to the problem with nonlinear behaviors, in this paper, so an analysis method in time domain is proposed by combining the explicit finite element method and the transmitting boundary, and the dynamic relaxation technique is adopted to obtain the initial static response for dynamic analysis. Moreover, the influence of arch dam–foundation dynamic interaction with energy dispersion on seismic response of designed Xiaowan arch dam in China is studied by comparing the results of the proposed method and the conventional method with the massless foundation, and the local material nonlinear and nonhomogeneous behaviors of foundation rock are also considered. The reservoir water effect is assumed as Westergaard added mass model in calculation. The influence of the closing–opening effects of contact joints of arch dam on the seismic response will be studied in another paper.     

Three-dimensional boundary element reservoir model for seismic analysis of arch and gravity dams

The boundary element method has been successfully applied in the past to the analysis of hydrodynamic forces in two-dimensional infinite as well as two- and three-dimensional finite reservoirs subjected to seismic ground motions. This paper presents the results of more recent research on the application of the constant boundary element method to the 3D analysis of reservoir vibration. Special boundary conditions, previously used in the 2D case, to treat infinite radiation damping and damping from foundation soil and banks have been incorporated in this formulation. Numerical results for vibration of a 3D infinite rectangular reservoir as well as of a 3D infinite reservoir impounded by an arch dam are presented and compared with some existing results obtained by other researchers.     

基于Marc二次开发实现粘弹性人工边界和振型分解反应谱法

新版《水电工程水工建筑物抗震设计规范》（NB35047-2015）中规定:"抗震设防类别为甲类的混凝土坝应考虑远域地基的辐射阻尼效应"。针对通用商业有限元软件Marc在振型分解反应谱法中的不足,且缺少时程分析法中模拟地基辐射阻尼效应的粘弹性人工边界,采用Fortran语言编制相应的独立程序及二次开发程序,以便在Mrac软件中精确实现新规范要求下的混凝土坝抗震安全评价。数值算例和工程实例分析结果验证了基于Marc二次开发实施思路和自编程序的正确性;重力坝抗震薄弱部位主要为坝体断面突变处,考虑无限地基的辐射阻尼效应后,坝体地震动力响应明显下降。