岩体粗糙单裂隙渗流及溶质运移研究

与多孔介质相比,裂隙介质中的渗流、溶质运移要复杂得多,许多学者在这方面进行了深入的研究,他们在模型的建立、求解、验证等方面都取得很大突破,但仍有许多难点没有解决。着眼于粗糙单裂隙开度变化的实质特性,将原有裂隙介质渗流、溶质运移方程进行修改,建立粗糙单裂隙渗流、溶质运移数学模型,并进行数值模拟。     

连续时间随机游动理论模拟多孔介质中溶质运移的研究进展

近年来,基于连续时间随机游动(Continuous Time Random Walk, CTRW)理论所建立的模拟非均质多孔介质中溶质运移的方法已在大量的数值实验、室内实验、野外实验中得到了广泛的验证,为非均质多孔介质中的溶质运移行为提供了一种有效的模拟方法。简述了提出和发展CTRW的研究背景、基础理论以及与经典的对流-弥散方程等其他模拟方法的关系,综述了该理论在模拟溶质运移中的发展和应用,分析了实际应用中的关键问题,并展望了将其进一步发展应用于模拟反应性溶质运移的前景。     

吸附–解吸状态下煤层气运移机制

带吸附作用的煤层气运移规律一直是煤层气地质学界关注的焦点问题之一。为研究吸附-解吸状态下的煤层气运移机制,推导了气体吸附-解吸方程并分析了多孔介质扩散-渗流理论,开展了煤层气运移实验并对实验结果进行了分析。研究结果发现:煤体孔隙结构对煤层气运移具有"容阻效应","容储""阻降"二重特性并存构成了煤基质的基本功能;气体运移过程中煤体对CO₂和CH₄吸附能力的差异体现在吸附响应时间、吸附速率增长率、吸附平衡时间和最大吸附体积等4项指标;煤层气运移过程中扩散和渗流两种方式并存,当裂隙及大孔内气体压力较中-微孔隙系统气体压力高时,气体运移速率以渗流为主,否则以扩散为主。      

毛细管渗流模型在黄土渗透性中的应用探讨

黄土作为一种典型的多孔介质,多孔性是其重要特性之一。多孔性不仅影响着黄土的物理力学及化学特征,也严重影响着黄土的水理性质,特别是黄土的渗透特性。然而,作为多孔介质渗流理论的经典模型——毛细管模型,已经广泛应用于油气田开采、煤成气开采以及岩土工程等领域,但将多孔介质渗流理论模型引入表征黄土的多孔构造,这方面的资料尚欠缺。因此,本文以黄土的渗透性作为研究示例,在总结分析目前相对较为成功的多孔介质毛细管渗流模型的基础上,选取适于定量表征黄土渗透性的渗流模型,结合计算结果和渗透试验结果的对比,探讨将多孔介质毛细管渗流模型引入描述黄土渗透性这一方法的适用性。并提出孔隙的“香肠”构造（或称为“莲藕”构造）,为黄土的渗透性研究提供可借鉴的理论依据。     

基于孔隙网络模型的非水溶相液体运移实验研究进展

进行多孔介质中非水溶相液体（Non Aqueous Phase Liquids，NAPLs）运移的微观机理研究，微观孔隙网络模型实验是目前应用比较广泛且行之有效的方法。通过网络模型实验，获得对NAPLs在多孔介质中运移更深入的认识。从多孔介质孔隙结构测量、孔隙网络模型制作、NAPLs运移网络模型实验和数值模拟4个方面评述了该方向的研究进展，结果显示测量孔隙结构方法、图像刻蚀技术、可视化测量实验数据方法等有力地促进了本实验研究的发展。分析了孔隙网络模型实验存在的问题以及未来的发展趋势，对开展孔隙网络模型实验研究有一定的启发作用。     

断裂多孔岩石中的复杂反应流体动力学

:断裂多孔介质中的流体流动和组分输运过程对于理解金属成矿过程、油气运移、污染物质的输运和分布十分重要 ,近 2 0年来得到了广泛的研究。文中综述了这一领域的进展 ,涉及断裂多孔介质中的流体流动和组分输运的连续介质模型、多孔介质和断裂多孔介质的渗透率关系 ,特别是重点介绍了渗滤理论及其在断裂多孔介质中的流体流动和组分输运中的应用     

基于分布式光纤传感技术的渗流监测理论研究

从阐述多孔介质传热过程出发,逐一分析了在非渗流及渗流情况下,光纤与多孔介质之间的传热过程,详细分析了光纤与水流对流的传热过程,推导了多孔介质中渗流水和光纤之间的换热系数计算公式。在一定假设条件下,推导了导热系数（渗流流速）、加热功率和温升的非渗流情况与渗流情况监测理论方程,为分布式光纤传感技术监测渗流的应用提供了坚实的理论基础。     

基于分形理论的赫巴流体在多孔介质中的渗流模型

泥浆是一种用途广泛的工程浆液，在工程施工过程中会渗流进入地层，给工程带来一定的影响。为深入研究泥浆的渗流机理，把地层模拟为多孔介质，泥浆模拟为能更全面地反映其流变性能的赫巴流体，基于分形理论，建立赫巴流体在多孔介质中的渗流模型。基于渗流模型计算结果，详细分析压力梯度、流性指数、稠度系数及孔隙率等参数对多孔介质中赫巴流体瞬时平均流速的影响，指出流速变化与压力梯度、流性指数及稠度系数的变化均呈幂指数关系，与孔隙率变化呈二项式关系，且流性指数是一个影响赫巴流体渗流速度的极敏感因素。渗流模型计算结果为相关工程中泥浆方案的设计与施工奠定了一定的理论基础。      

非饱和土渗流与变形耦合问题的有限元分析

基于多孔介质力学原理,建立能模拟非饱和土两相流动与变形耦合问题的理论模型。利用Galerkin法对控制方程进行离散,得到控制方程的有限元计算格式。在此基础上,自主开发了有限元计算程序U-DYSAC2,并对Liakopoulos两相流动试验这一经典算例以及重非亲水相流体（DNAPL）在饱和多孔介质中迁移的离心模型试验进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,理论预测与试验结果基本吻合,验证了所提出的分析方法在模拟非饱和土渗流以及变形问题时的有效性,从而为定量研究饱和-非饱和渗流以及变形问题提供了一条有效途径。     

混合润湿孔隙介质中油自吸实验研究

混合润湿孔隙介质普遍存在, 使得多相流体渗流过程十分复杂, 但对其研究和认识至今仍很肤浅, 是油气运移成藏、剩余油气分布等方面研究中必须解决的关键难题。本文通过对饱和水的混合润湿模型进行油自吸实验, 观察不同混合润湿程度条件下油自吸运移过程, 分析认识混合润湿孔隙介质中多相渗流的机理。实验结果表明, 在混合润湿孔隙介质中油是否能够自发地运移与介质中亲油颗粒的比例关系密切, 但并非简单的单调变化关系。研究认为, 亲油颗粒与亲水颗粒随机分布, 导致多种与喉道配位颗粒的亲油-亲水关系, 当亲油颗粒比例占优才表现为亲油喉道。机理上, 混合润湿孔隙介质中油自吸运移的发生与否及程度取决于亲油喉道在空间上的连通程度, 后者与孔隙介质中亲油颗粒比例相当。仅有当孔隙介质中亲油颗粒足够多, 且组成的亲油喉道能够相互接触形成连续亲油通道时, 油才能够通过自吸运移进入多孔介质。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of