Monte Carlo simulation for pulsed neutron-neutron logging in fractured and cavernous carbonate formation

The influence of carbonate formation on Pulsed Neutron logging(such as Pulsed Neutron-Neutron logging)is quite different from that of sandstone due to the complexity of reservoir architecture and the development of fracture in carbonate reservoir.To study the factors affecting Pulsed Neutron-Neutron(PNN)logging in carbonate formation,the responses on fracture or cave are simulated by Monte Carlo method,getting the relationships among the macroscopic capture cross section(Σ),the count ratio of the thermal neutron at far spacing and near spacing detectors(RATIO),the fracture porosity,oil-bearing and shale content of fracture.The results show that PNN logging can be used to detect caves,and there exist linear relationships among the macroscopic capture cross section(Σ),the count ratio(RATIO)and the above factors.The research findings in this paper provides theoretical basis for the interpretation and data correction of the PNN logging in carbonate reservoirs.     

利用测井资料识别国外L油田流体性质

基于交会图法和岩心资料,分析国外中亚地区L油田的常规测井曲线特征与岩性和流体类型的关系.首先,对测井资料进行整理归纳,消除不同时期测井系列的差异,进行归一化、标准化及其他预处理;然后,以岩心资料为基础,建立测井资料交会图版,利用图版进行岩性和流体识别,其中岩性主要依据自然电位SP、中子伽马NRAT、感应电阻率ILD交会图版识别,流体类型主要依据含水饱和度Sw和电阻率交会图版识别;最后,确定该油田不同类型的岩性和流体识别标准:(1)砂岩自然电位SP<45mV,中子伽马NRAT>1.4CU;泥岩60mV2.8Ω.m;水层的有效孔隙度10%<w<30%,但Sw>55%,1Ω.m相似文献   

海陆过渡相优质页岩测井识别: 以鄂尔多斯盆地大宁-吉县地区山2段为例

鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘海陆过渡相地层矿物组成复杂,页岩与砂岩、煤等岩性频繁交互,岩性纵向变化快。由于常规测井曲线分辨率较低,且扩径现象普遍,导致海相页岩气评价中常用的岩性识别与优质页岩识别方法效果较差。首先利用反褶积技术提高自然伽马、无铀伽马和铀测井曲线分辨率,然后通过测井交会图组合图版分别识别海陆过渡相地层岩性和页岩岩相,进一步通过新提出的铀-自然电位曲线重叠法识别海陆过渡相优质页岩。结果表明:反褶积技术能有效提高自然伽马、无铀伽马和铀曲线分辨率,利用自然伽马-密度测井交会图识别海陆过渡相地层岩性效果较好;铀-无铀伽马交会图能进一步识别3种岩相页岩（钙质硅质页岩、硅质黏土质页岩和黏土质页岩）;在海陆过渡相地层中,新提出的铀-自然电位重叠法比传统ΔlogR法识别优质页岩效果更好。本研究可为海陆过渡相页岩气储层测井评价提供理论支持,提高优质页岩识别准确率。      

渤海海域中生界火成岩岩性测井识别技术及应用

渤海海域中生界火成岩具有岩石类型多样,岩石结构复杂的特点,识别难度较大。钻井统计表明,研究区中生界以中基性喷出岩和酸性侵入岩为主,综合地质学分类以及测井响应特征,建立了研究区火成岩“成分-结构-构造”三端元分类方案,并提出了岩石成分、结构、构造单因素并行识别,综合命名的识别思路:成分上,由基性岩到酸性岩,元素测井上表现为由高铁低硅向高硅低铁变化,伽马能谱上铀、钍、钾以及总的自然伽马均不断升高,常规测井上酸性岩具有高伽马低密度的特点,基性岩与之相反;结构上,常规测井资料可初步判别岩石结构,成像测井可对熔岩结构、角砾结构、凝灰结构以及岩石蚀变结构进行精细识别;成像测井上可识别出块状构造、似流动构造以及气孔、杏仁构造,对有效判别侵入岩与喷出岩具有重要指示意义。利用该方法对重点井进行了分析,识别结果与壁心薄片鉴定结果一致,说明效果可靠。      

一种识别异常中子、密度孔隙度测井曲线新方法:以中东W油田Mishrif储层为例

测井曲线质量检查是储层测井评价必不可少的一个环节。在评价中东W油田Mishrif储层的过程中,声波曲线频率图峰值都近似一致,但相邻几十口井的密度曲线测量值偏高,中子曲线测量值偏低,密度和中子曲线交会所得到的孔隙度比声波计算的孔隙度要小,在井数较多的情况下利用频率图来检查曲线质量是个巨大的耗时工程。基于此,研究了一种自动识别异常中子、密度曲线的新方法,即利用中子、密度曲线重构一条新曲线,通过该曲线与正常声波曲线之间的距离大小来自动识别具有异常曲线的井,结果表明当该值大于或等于0.4时,中子、密度曲线正常,反之则异常。在自动识别异常曲线之后,结合曲线在测井道上的刻度与响应特征,根据前人校正的不足又提出了新的校正方法,引入新的校正公式,将异常中子、密度曲线校正到正常的位置,校正后的中子、密度曲线交会得到了合理的总孔隙度。      

山东阳谷-茌平煤田阿城井田山西组煤岩层对比研究

通过对山西组沉积特征及聚煤变化规律的研究,采用煤岩层组合特征、标志层、层间距、测井曲线形态和地震物性特征等方法,对井田内山西组的煤、岩层进行综合对比。确定了山西组主采煤层的赋存层位、形态及区内的构造方案,对周边地区找煤工作具有指导作用。     

Array processing-a new method to detect and correct errors on array resistivity logging tool measurements

In recent years more and more multi-array logging tools, such as the array induction and the array lateralog, are applied in place of conventional logging tools resulting in increased resolution, better radial and vertical sounding capability and other features. Multi-array logging tools acquire several times more individual measurements than conventional logging tools. In addition to new information contained in these data, there is a certain redundancy among the measurements. The sum of the measurements actu- ally composes a large matrix. Providing the measurements are error-free, the elements of this matrix show certain consistencies. Taking advantage of these consistencies, an innovative method is developed to de- tect and correct errors in the array resistivity logging tool raw measurements, and evaluate the quality of the data. The method can be described in several steps. First, data consistency patterns are identified based on the physics of the measurements. Second, the measurements are compared against the consis- tency patterns for error and bad data detection. Third, the erroneous data are eliminated and the measure- ments are re-constructed according to the consistency patterns. Finally, the data quality is evaluated by comparing the raw measurements with the re-constructed measurements. The method can be applied to all array type logging tools, such as array induction tool and array resistivity tool. This paper describes the method and illustrates its application with the High Definition Lateral Log (HDLL, Baker Atlas) instru- ment. To demonstrate the efficiency of the method, several field examples are shown and discussed.     

双探测器碳氧比测井技术及其应用

通过向地层发射快中子并测量中子反应产生的伽玛射线能谱能够确定套管外面地层的含油饱和度。非弹性中子反应产生的伽玛射线能谱可以给出地层中碳、氧含量信息,进而可以得到含油饱和度。在地层水矿化度非常低或未知时,该测井技术在套管中尤为有用。     

陆相泥页岩层系岩相测井识别与预测:以南堡凹陷拾场次洼为例

泥页岩层系岩相研究是页岩油勘探的基础工作，由于钻井取心较为困难且陆相湖盆范围小，相变快，使岩相精细识别与预测较为困难。测井曲线精确度高，纵向连续性好，可以准确识别与预测岩相。利用全岩X衍射（XRD）、薄片鉴定及地球化学分析测试等实验数据，将岩相按"三级次-三单元"划分方案进行划分，将测井曲线与TOC值、矿物含量等参数进行拟合，综合识别岩相，最后在高分辨率层序格架下建立岩相旋回叠加模式，从而进行岩相展布研究。结果表明该地区为一套以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ₁型干酪根为主生油湖相烃源岩，可划分为18种岩相，其中富有机质黏土质层状泥岩、富有机质混合质纹层状泥岩、页岩为页岩油优势岩相。岩相各评价指标可通过测井曲线计算与预测。岩相与层序存在耦合关系，在等时地层格架下具可预测性。沙三4亚段泥页岩层系岩相在此格架下，形成了MSC1中部与MSC2两个有机质富集层，以及SQ5~SQ8上升半旋回4个沉积构造发育带。      

气测录井在页岩气勘查中的应用——以潍北凹陷昌页参1井为例

潍北凹陷是昌潍坳陷的次一级凹陷盆地,也是传统油气开采区。潍北凹陷孔店组二段沉积了较厚的暗色泥岩、泥页岩,多为良好的烃源岩,也是凹陷内页岩气的主要生、储层位。通过分析昌页参1井气测录井数据,并结合现场解析实验数据,系统阐述了应用录井采集数据综合判别油气层的方法,以及该方法在实际油、气层判别中的应用情况。研究表明,利用该方法可对页岩气富集层段含油气情况作出较为准确的判断。     

综合测井在胶东西岭金矿床深部开采技术条件研究中的应用

西岭金矿床位于三山岛金矿床深部,是目前我国勘查深度最大的矿床,随着矿床勘探开发深入,已有评价结果已无法满足深部矿体勘探开发要求。本文通过三侧向电阻率、密度和声波测井成果,结合钻孔工程地质编录、岩石物理力学性质样品测试,研究矿床深部工程地质条件。通过自然电位、三侧向电阻率和井径测井成果,结合钻孔水文地质工程地质编录,研究矿床水文地质条件。应用井温、自然伽马测井技术,结合深井实验室资料,研究矿床开采可能引起的热害、放射性伤害及冲击地压与岩爆等井下灾害等环境地质条件。总结了矿床深部的开采技术条件变化规律,为深井开采和热防护工程提供可靠的技术参数和技术指导。     

塔里木盆地顺北地区一间房组台地碳酸盐岩异常泥质含量与断裂带距离及裂缝发育关系

在塔里木盆地顺北地区奥陶系走滑断裂带寻找碳酸盐岩"断溶体"型油气藏成为近年来油气勘探的热点。多口钻井显示顺北1号主走滑断裂带"断溶体"裂缝发育部位普遍具有异常高的自然伽马测井值。因此,可以根据异常高泥质含量参数来反映裂缝发育程度,进而指示含泥"断溶体"储层的发育位置。首先利用GeoEast软件提取了顺北1号走滑断裂带T₇4界面（一间房组顶）相干体属性并进行了断裂解释。根据5口井一间房组自然伽马测井数据,探讨了台地碳酸盐岩走滑断裂带断核和损伤带异常高泥质含量值与主干断裂带距离和裂缝发育程度之间的关系。结果表明:顺北地区奥陶系一间房组台地碳酸盐岩沉积环境稳定,背景泥质含量较低;NE向主走滑断裂带核部和裂缝发育部位的泥质含量远高于台地碳酸盐岩背景值,具有随着离主干断裂带距离增大和裂缝发育程度下降而降低的变化趋势,最终接近其背景值。由此表明,可利用自然伽马测井计算泥质含量,间接指示走滑断裂带"断溶体"储层发育程度。该研究为深层-超深层走滑断裂带储层评价提供了一种新的思路。      

中子活化测井原位测定氟化钙含量技术及应用

在萤石矿勘探工作中,因为萤石性脆,在钻探过程中易破淬,岩(矿)芯采取率难以达到要求。当萤石与硬岩石共存时,因选择性磨损,以及萤石分布不均匀等原因,使矿芯分析结果失去了代表性。中子活化测井工作的目的,是在钻孔中原位测定CaF_2含量,以弥补钻探取芯分析资料的不足,提高地质工作质量。根据方法原理,研究了适应连续测井方式及定点测量方式的技术条件和资料解释方法。对萤石矿可达到三定(定矿层、定位置、定厚度)和计算CaF_2含量的目的,工作效率可达到常规测井水平,含量测定精度、灵敏度和准确度均可满足萤石矿地质普查、勘探的要求。     

细粒岩层序地层学研究方法综述

为了探索非常规油气优质细粒岩储层在地层中的展布规律,对国内外细粒岩层序地层学的研究现状进行了调研和探讨。结果表明,前人提出了多种研究方法与思路,包括运用矿物成分、岩相、地球化学、测井曲线及古生物等指标对细粒岩进行三-四级层序划分。少数学者关注五级层序(准层序)的研究,并依据测井及地球化学等指标进行划分。本文认为深度解析细粒岩的沉积学特征(岩相及成因等)是解决其层序问题的基础。对于三-四级层序的划分,可以分为垂向综合划分与横向对比追踪2个步骤进行。在所建立的三-四级层序格架内,以岩相及其组合为主线,结合矿物成分、地球化学元素含量与比值、测井、小波等指标,多方法共同分析、相互验证来划分准层序,最终建立从浅水至深水、从常规砂砾岩体至非常规细粒岩、贯穿全盆的各级层序格架。      

THE BACKGROUND VALUES OF RARE EARTH AND RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS IN WATER SYSTEM OF SOURCE AREA OF THE CHANG JIANG RIVER

Using neutron activation analysis method we determined contents of rare-earth and radioactive elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Cs, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Ba, U, Th) in source water system of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, which is mainly composed of the Tuotuo River, the Chumaer River, and the Buqu River. The contents of these elements in the unflltered water have a great variation and a close correlation with the water turbidity. The contents of these elements in filtered water only have a little variation and are lower than those in the unflltered water. The variations in contents of these elements in sediments are also very little. These elements in the unifiltered water are in geometric distribution, except Sc. Most of the elements in sediments are in arithmetic distribution, but Cs, Sb, Th, are in deviation distribution. The contents of most of these elements in the river source area correspond to the contents of fresh water of the earth. Most of these elements have a little variation in their c     

中子活化测井在萤石矿勘探中应用效果

本文简要叙述了中子活化测井原位测定萤石矿(CaF_2)含量的原理及方法技术,以及在两个萤石矿区试生产的成果实例。并着重指出: 1.该方法适用于各种不同类型的萤石矿。选择F作为CaF_2的特征指示元素,在萤石矿无其它元素干扰,方法反映单解。 2.工作证明:该方法可防止由于岩矿心破碎造成的地质取心中漏失的矿体,发现地质工作未确定的薄矿层。并能提供CaF_2含量。 3.在取心率很低的钻孔,提供了真实可靠的CaF_2含量和矿层上下顶板确切位置,避免了钻孔报废、取得了良好的经济效益。最后文章指出:该方法的精度、灵敏度和工作效率完全满足生产工作的需要。     

鄂尔多斯盆地高自然伽马异常特征

为了加深对盆地深部和浅部高自然伽马异常特征综合分析研究,揭示高自然伽马异常地质成因,从而促进盆地多种能源矿产协同开发研究,针对收集大量的地球物理测井资料、地质资料及其他相关成果,绘制并分析了相关成果图。研究中遵循从单孔测井曲线特征分析到典型剖面研究,并按层对高自然伽马的平面分布特征进行分析研究。化验测试结果和自然伽马能谱测井成果研究表明,在本区,自然伽马异常增大主要是由于铀的活化和聚集,导致铀元素增加而引起。相关研究表明,盆地深部和浅部的铀异常具有一定的关系,盆地历经的沉积环境变迁是铀元素富集的主导因素。     

A Preliminary study on traditional level-trench method to prevent rill initiation in the Three Gorges region, China

The level-trench method is a traditional tillage operation to develop a drainage system on slope land in the Three Gorges region.Before crops are planted,farmers prepare the land with level trenches spaced 3-10 m apart,depending on the slope gradient:steeper slopes require shorter distances.Little scientific analysis has been done on the use of traditional level trenches for soil conservation.We conducted a field investigation and simulation experiments,and present a comparison between the spacing of level trenches and the slope length required for rill initiation.The results indicate that the spacing of level trenches in farmland is close to the slope length required for rill initiation in the experimental plots,and regression models of trench spacing with the gradient and the slope length required for rill initiation with the gradient have similar formats;the coefficients of determination (R2) for the two equations are 0.99 and 0.88,respectively.There were some differences between the field survey and experiments,but we conclude that the traditional level-trench method has an important role in preventing rill initiation.     

A theoretical analysis of the bearing performance of vertically loaded large-diameter pipe pile groups

This paper aims to present a theoretical method to study the bearing performance of vertically loaded large-diameter pipe pile groups. The interactions between group piles result in different bearing performance of both a single pile and pile groups. Considering the pile group effect and the skin friction from both outer and inner soils, an analytical solution is developed to calculate the settlement and axial force in large-diameter pipe pile groups. The analytical solution was verified by centrifuge and field testing results. An extensive parametric analysis was performed to study the bearing performance of the pipe pile groups. The results reveal that the axial forces in group piles are not the same. The larger the distance from central pile, the larger the axial force. The axial force in the central pile is the smallest, while that in corner piles is the largest. The axial force on the top of the corner piles decreases while that in the central pile increases with increasing of pile spacing and decreasing of pile length. The axial force in side piles varies little with the variations of pile spacing, pile length, and shear modulus of the soil and is approximately equal to the average load shared by one pile. For a pile group, the larger the pile length is, the larger the influence radius is. As a result, the pile group effect is more apparent for a larger pile length. The settlement of pile groups decreases with increasing of the pile number in the group and the shear modulus of the underlying soil.     

Log evaluation of fractured igneous reservoirs in Songliao Basin

The petrophysical parameters are bad in most igneous reservoirs of Songliao Basin because of the very low porosity and permeability. The evaluation of igneous reservoirs has not been fully studied so far. The current technique of formation evaluation and interpretation used in sedimentary formations face a series of prob- lems and difficulties. In this study, The PCA was used to identify lithology, a multi-mineral model “QAPM” was proposed. “Surface effect” must be considered when evaluating saturation. A software “SIMPLE” was developed and was used to deal with the logging data in over 70 wells with good results were achieved.