基于GIS信息量模型的地热潜力区评价研究——以云南腾冲地区为例

一个准确的地热潜力评价模型有助于降低开发风险和减少投入。基于GIS平台,文章通过量化地热分布与周围控制因素的空间关系,构建信息量模型对云南腾冲地热潜力区进行评价。应用的公开数据包括地震震中数据、断层分布、布格重力数据、Landsat7 ETM+影像、航磁数据和SRTM高程影像;分别转换为古登堡-李斯特"b"值图、到断层距离图、到主地堑距离图、地表温度图、磁异常图和水系分布图。在构建数学预测过程中,提出结合信息量值的因子分析法检验影响因子独立性问题,保证评价可靠性。指数分析和面积比分析结果表明,信息量模型能够很好地应用于地热潜力区评价。预测出尚未开发且面积较大的地热潜在区4处,分布于龙川江流域、南底河流域和怒江流域;统计出未开发地热田总面积为1835.6 km2,占整个研究区的6.72%。本研究可以为缺乏调查信息区域初步确定地热潜力区,降低经济风险。     

基于GIS证据权重法的陕西旬阳地区铅锌成矿远景区定量预测

针对工作区铅锌矿成因类型利用GIS空间信息系统对地质、物探、化探、遥感等各类异常综合分析与成矿要素的信息提取,并在矿产资源评价分析系统（MORPAS3．0）下建立了陕西旬阳地区铅锌矿证据权重法模型证据图层：赋矿地层、控矿构造、化探异常等18个,通过条件独立性检验确定证据权因子层15个,绘制了陕西旬阳地区铅锌矿资源远景预测区后验概率图,给出了陕西旬阳地区铅锌矿产远景定量预测区评价结论,取得了良好的预测效果。     

应用面金属量法预测虹螺山一五指山地区铅锌矿产资源潜力

在应用多元综合信息找矿预测的证据权重模型的基础上,圈定了找矿有利地段,运用以地球化学数据为依据的面金属量法,充分考虑成矿物质来源之外的地质因素的影响,对预测远景区内铅锌矿潜在资源量进行估算,从量的角度表明该区铅锌矿资源潜力。本次资源潜力预测确定了3个远景区级别,共圈定13处远景区,其中包括目前尚未发现矿产地的I、Ⅱ级远景区共6处。     

新疆塔尔巴哈台-萨吾尔地区多重分形地球化学异常提取及成矿预测

塔尔巴哈台-萨吾尔地区位于中国新疆西北部,目前已发现若干处铜、金矿床,具有很好的成矿潜力。成矿定量预测方法常被用于综合成矿标志信息,进行成矿远景区的定量预测和评价。本文首先结合多重分形理论-奇异性指数模型进行地球化学异常提取,之后通过对区域成矿条件进行综合分析,基于地球化学异常以及构造、岩浆岩、地层与矿化的相关关系构建了塔尔巴哈台-萨吾尔地区铜-金成矿预测模型;研究进一步基于新近的找矿成果,以已知矿床和新近发现的矿化点信息作为依据,利用证据权重方法对研究区铜-金矿化的远景区进行了定量预测。预测结果显示出塔尔巴哈台-萨吾尔地区具有良好的找矿前景,区内存在多个新的成矿远景区,可作为新的找矿勘探的目标,开展进一步找矿勘查工作。     

贵州铜仁地区锰矿定量预测与评价

应用地质、化探、物探、遥感等手段和资料进行多元信息成矿预测已成为找矿工作的重要方法。以贵州铜仁地区锰矿为研究对象,基于研究区与成矿相关的多元信息,建立区域找矿模型;运用GIS技术对多元信息进行综合处理并提取有利成矿信息,形成找矿标志专题图层,构成找矿预测指标集;利用证据权重法建立锰矿综合预测模型,结合研究区成矿地质条件、已知锰矿床（点）等因素,确定找矿有利地区,并圈定7个远景区,为发现大规模锰矿产地提供参考。     

基于GIS的证据权法在三江北段铜多金属成矿预测中的应用

在建立三江北段地质矿产空间数据库的基础上,运用GIS技术,分析提取矿产地质、地球物理、地球化学等综合信息中的成矿异常信息,运用多学科信息综合研究地质异常与成矿之间的相互关系,运用证据权重法建立该区的证据权重成矿预测模型,圈定出7个找矿远景区。     

河南老和尚帽预查区资源量及靶区预测

老和尚帽预查区位于桐柏地区围山城金银成矿带以南,老湾金矿带以北,圈有大量1∶ 1万土壤地球化学衬值异常.在大调查桐柏地区银多金属调查评价项目中,以桐柏地区已探明银资源储量的8个矿床、矿点形成的银(衬值)异常为模型单元,采用矿床模型法,建立预测模型;然后对老和尚帽预查区40个预测单元(衬值综合异常)进行资源定量预测与靶区定位预测,确定了8个找矿靶区.经对确定的靶区进行初步查证,发现了矿体和矿化体,取得了一定找矿效果.     

基于证据权-奇异性-灰色理论的山西五台地区金矿成矿研究

山西五台地区位于华北陆台中部,是山西省内重要的金矿成矿区域,地质条件复杂,近年来找矿突破较小。在矿产预测中,可以结合证据权快速筛选地质变量,求取权重,计算地质奇异性指数,提取局部地质弱异常;利用灰色理论只需少量信息进行预测的特点,圈定找矿靶区,寻找突破。应用证据权-奇异性-灰色理论方法圈定了研究区预测靶区,靶区内通过已知矿床的验证,提取了4个一级靶区,1个二级靶区,确定了该区域金矿找矿突破口,明确了证据权-奇异性-灰色理论关联分析预测法在矿产预测评价中的重要应用价值和独特的应用效果。     

非线性理论和模糊证据权方法在内蒙古达来庙草原覆盖区钼多金属矿产预测中的应用

内蒙古达来庙地区是重要的钼多金属矿成矿区,草原覆盖面积达研究区总面积的58.44%。本文对达来庙地区已知矿床(点)地质特征、控矿要素进行总结,建立了研究区钼多金属矿综合信息找矿模型。在GeoDAS GIS平台上,利用非线性理论、奇异性理论以及分形滤波技术,实现了对该区隐伏构造、隐伏岩体、物化探异常等弱缓信息的提取。在找矿模型的构建以及找矿信息提取的基础上,确定9个预测变量,开展基于模糊证据权方法的综合信息矿产预测,圈定成矿远景区25个,对覆盖区找矿具有指示意义。     

基于证据权重法的虹螺山—五指山地区钼成矿远景预测

文章在阐述辽西虹螺山—五指山地区钼矿床成矿特征、建立该区空间数据库的基础上,提取了12个成矿有利证据因子,应用证据权重法对研究区进行了多源综合信息的成矿远景预测;确定了3级17处远景区,其中包括目前尚未发现矿产地的远景区6处.     

天津滨海新区深部地热资源评价及有利勘探区圈定

天津滨海新区地热与石油资源同盆共存。为了更合理地开发油田地区地热资源,有效降低深部地热资源的开发风险,通过对油区深部东营组的地热资源热储、地温场、沉积相和流体化学等特征进行综合分析,总结了研究区东营组热储的富集规律。在此基础上利用数值模型计算了区内东营组地热资源100 a热流体开采资源量,并进行资源开采潜力评价。以开采潜力评价分区为基础,集成分析了地热资源有利勘探区应具的富油程度、规模大小、温度高低等要素的权重,对区内东营组地热资源有利勘探区进行分区。该研究对油区内深部地热资源的勘查及降低开发风险具有指导意义。     

Evaluation of deep geothermal resources and delineation of favorable exploration areas in Binhai New Area,Tianjin

The geothermal resources and petroleum coexist in Binhai New Area, Tianjin. In order to exploit and reduce the exploitation risk of the geothermal resources in oil field, the authors analyzed the thermal storage, geothermal field, sedimentary facies and fluid chemistry, and summaried the enrichment mechanism of thermal reservoir in Dongying Formation. The thermal fluid exploitation resources for 100 years were calculated by the numerical model, and the exploitation potential was evaluated. Then on the basis of the exploitation potential, the factor weight of oil-rich degree, size and temperature of geothermal resources in the favorable exploration areas was analyzed. The favorable exploration areas were partitioned. This research has important significance in the exploration of deep geothermal resources and the reduction of development risk in the oil area.     

基于2m测温法的地热异常区探测及地温预测

地热异常区的探测对于地热能开发利用至关重要。利用2 m测温法和相关仪器对厦门东山某热泉地区进行实地探测,获取1~2m深度地层温度和导热系数数据,绘制研究区2m深度温度等值线图和浅层热流密度分布云图,圈定地热异常区。运用一维稳态热传导模型对研究区20 m深度地温进行反演,并与研究区20m深度实测温度进行对比分析。结果表明,2m测温法对地热异常区探测效果明显,一维稳态热传导模型对于20m深度地温的预测结果与实测结果较为一致。该方法可以作为地热探测初期的有效手段。     

黑龙江林甸地区深部咸水层CO2地质储存条件与潜力评估

CO₂地质储存是减少碳排放、缓解温室效应的有效措施。经地热勘探与综合研究,黑龙江林甸地区埋藏深度940～2062 m的中生代白垩系泉头组三四段、青山口组和姚家组砂岩层状地层中蕴含丰富的咸水,溶解性总固体可达2000～9000 mg/L,孔隙发育较好,水流速缓慢,其上盖层以白垩系嫩江组、四方台组、明水组的层状泥质岩为主,厚度为800～1300 m,未被主要断裂带穿透,封闭良好,决定了其可以作为储存CO₂的良好地质储体。同时,大庆市紧邻林甸地区,化工企业众多,碳源集中且充足,规模大,距离短,为研究区的CO₂地质储存提供了有利条件。因林甸地区油气资源匮乏,缺少石油井,本次工作首次利用地热勘探井,根据CO₂地质储存技术机理,采用国际权威潜力评估公式,开展了深部咸水层CO₂地质储存的潜力评估。结果表明,其深部咸水层CO₂理论储存量为478.91×108 t,有效储存量为11.49×108 t,储存潜力较大,未来可作为大庆、齐齐哈尔等邻近城市减碳的地质储存场所。此项工作的开展,为林甸地区下一步实施CO₂地质储存适宜性评价、目标靶区筛选和场地选址及示范工程建设提供了技术支撑。     

Entropy theory-integrated information model for the assessment of geothermal potential: a case study of Tengchong County,Southwest China

Geothermal energy remains a largely undeveloped natural resource because of the high risk associated with its development. An accurate prediction model for easy identification of potential regions can help to lower the risk and cost associated with development. In this study, geothermal potential regions were identified through the relationship between geothermal emergencies and their controlling factors in Tengchong County, China. Publicly available databases for this analysis including epicenters, active faults, Bouguer gravity, Landsat7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus images, the magnetic data and digital elevation model data were extracted as the b-value map, distance to faults map, distance to main grabens map, land surface temperature map, magnetic anomaly map and distance to rivers map, respectively. Based on the platforms within geographic information system, an entropy theory-integrated information model was established to evaluate the geothermal potential sites within the region. Moreover, factor analysis method was applied to test the conditional independence between the map pairs before modeling application. The results of the weighted information model show that the model shows perfect performance in discovering potential geothermal regions. In the final maps, undeveloped or unexploited geothermal regions can be observed along the Mingguang River and Nu River. Undeniably, these models will help to find undiscovered geothermal regions with limited geological information publically available.     

青海省木里煤田预测区圈定及资源潜力评价

木里煤田是祁连山赋煤带的主要煤炭资源聚集区,其资源储量占全省总探明资源储量的70%以上。本次研究是通过综合运用地质构造、物探成果、聚煤规律及生产勘探成果资料,在木里煤田聚乎更、弧山、外力哈达、热水及默勒地区共圈定了40个煤炭资源有利聚集区。预测区面积达600.85km2,合计预测资源量1 054 561万t,其中,优（A）等资源量70 891万t,主要分布在聚乎更-哆嗦公马矿区的东西延伸部位,良（B）等资源量420 016万t,主要分布在已知矿区的外围和深部,差（C）等资源量563 655万t,主要分布在预测依据不太充分的区域。通过对木里煤田煤炭资源潜力的深入研究,对煤田煤炭资源的开发利用前景作出初步了评估,为煤炭资源勘查近期及中长期部署提供了依据,同时对全省煤炭资源潜力评价具有重要的指导意义。     

Chatham Rise nodular phosphate — Modelling the prospectivity of a lag deposit (off-shore New Zealand): A critical tool for use in resource development and deep sea mining

After almost five decades of episodic exploration, feasibility studies are now being completed to mine the deep-water nodular phosphate deposit on the central Chatham Rise. Weights of evidence (WofE) and fuzzy logic prospectivity models have been used in these studies to help in mapping of the exploration and resource potential, to constrain resource estimation, to aid with geotechnical engineering and mine planning studies and to provide background geological data for the environmental consent process. Prospectivity modelling was carried out in two stages using weights of evidence and fuzzy logic techniques. A WofE prospectivity model covering the area of best data coverage was initially developed to define the geological and environmental variables that control the distribution of phosphate on the Chatham Rise and map areas where mineralised nodules are most likely to be present. The post-probability results from this model, in conjunction with unique conditions and confidence maps, were used to guide environmental modelling for setting aside protected zones, and also to assist with mine planning and future exploration planning. A regional scale fuzzy logic model was developed guided by the results of the spatial analysis of the WofE model, elucidating where future exploration should be targeted to give the best chance of success in expanding the known resource. The development work to date on the Chatham Rise for nodular phosphate mineralisation is an innovative example of how spatial data modelling techniques can be used not only at the exploration stage, but also to constrain resource estimation and aid with environmental studies, thereby greatly reducing development costs, improving the economics of mine planning and reducing the environmental impact of the project.     

扬州市江都区地热资源前景分析

江都区位于宁通隆起与苏北坳陷接合部,具有良好的地热地质开发利用前景。地热资源主要为传导型,分为孔隙型和岩溶裂隙型2个地热系统。根据地热地质条件分为北部、中部及南部3个地热资源分区。北部以孔隙型为主,中部、南部以构造裂隙型为主。预测可采地热水资源总量约11.18万m3/d,地热水温度40～68℃。     

Landsat8卫星数据在安徽黄山汤口-寨西地热资源调查中的应用

遥感大数据分析与应用正成为地球信息科学领域重要的研究内容。利用热红外遥感技术进行地热异常信息的提取可以为地热资源勘查评价提供重要的依据。Landsat系列卫星数据拥有长时间的数据积累和较高的空间分辨率,是地表热环境时空序列大数据分析的重要数据。最新一代的Landsat8 卫星热红外数据在延续了较高分辨率的同时,敏感性更强,更加适合于对地表热环境空间分布进行精确分析。本文以安徽黄山汤口-寨西工作区为研究区,分别选用2016年12月9日Landsat8 的热红外遥感数据和2009年12月6日Landsat5 TM 数据,采用大气校正方法进行地表温度的反演和对比分析,通过密度分割分析提取地热异常信息,并综合遥感地质解译信息、气象、地形等数据,对工作区地热资源有利区进行了预测。结果表明：两个时相地表温度反演结果的空间分布基本一致,利用Landsat8 热红外数据的地表温度反演结果可以有效地获取地热异常信息,所圈定的地热异常较为合理,与工作区内主要的断裂构造分布一致,且和物探勘查和钻孔实验结果相对应,可以为地热资源勘查大数据分析提供重要的数据源。     

Omnibus Weights of Evidence Method Implemented in GeoDAS GIS for Information Extraction and Integration

Weights of evidence (WofE) is an artificial intelligent method for integration of information from diverse sources for predictive purpose in supporting decision making. This method has been commonly used to predict point events by integrating point training layer and binary or ternary evidential layers (multiclass evidence less commonly used). Omnibus weights of evidence integrates fuzzy training layer and diverse evidential layers. This method provides new features in comparison with the ordinary WofE method. This new method has been implemented in a geographic information system-geophysical data analysis system and the method includes the following contents: (1) dual fuzzy weights of evidence (DFWofE), in which training layer and evidential layers can be treated as fuzzy sets. DFWofE can be used to predict not only point events but also area or line events. In this model a fuzzy training layer can be defined based on point, line, and areas using fuzzy membership function; and (2) degree-of-exploration model for WofE is implemented through building a degree of exploration map. This method can be used to assess possible spatial correlations between the degree of exploration and potential evidential layers. Importantly, it would also make it possible to estimate undiscovered resources, if the degree of exploration map is combined with other models that predict where such resources are most likely to occur. These methods and relevant systems were validated using a case study of mineral potential prediction in Gejiu (个旧) mineral district, Yunnan (云南), China.