中国铅锌矿产资源成矿特征与资源潜力评价

近年来经济的快速发展导致铅锌矿产资源需求大量增加,使得我国的铅锌资源储备形势依然严峻。基于此,在全国开展铅锌矿产资源潜力评价工作,通过总结铅锌矿地质矿产成果,掌握铅锌矿产资源现状,预测未查明的铅锌矿产资源潜力,能够更好地满足未来铅锌矿产资源规划部署及合理利用的需要。在系统梳理全国29个省级行政单位铅锌矿产资源潜力评价成果的基础上,总结中国铅锌矿时空分布规律特征,结合传统的矿床模型以及全国重要矿产预测类型划分方案划分了铅锌矿矿产预测类型,将全国铅锌矿划分为9类矿产预测类型,分别是层控碳酸盐岩型（MVT）、碳酸盐岩细碎屑岩型（SEDEX）、砂砾岩型、沉积改造型、陆相火山岩型、海相火山岩型、岩浆热液型、夕卡岩型和风化壳型;分析了重要成矿区带的铅锌矿矿产预测类型、成矿时代,总结了各成矿区带主要类型铅锌矿区域预测要素,建立了主要类型铅锌矿区域预测模型。结合全国大地构造相图、全国成矿区带图以及全国各级预测区分布图等资料,划分了15个铅锌矿成矿省和47个Ⅲ级成矿区带,以成矿省(成矿区带)为主线开展矿产资源潜力评价和预测工作,为勘查部署提供依据。     

华北地区铅锌矿资源特征及成矿规律

华北地区铅锌矿资源丰富、类型多样,是我国铅锌矿床的重要产区。本文在总结资源禀赋、矿床类型、时空特征、主要控矿因素、资源潜力等要素基础上,较全面分析了华北地区铅锌矿的主要特征和成矿规律。研究表明,从矿床成因角度,华北地区铅锌矿可划分为岩浆热液型、碳酸盐岩—细碎屑岩型、陆相火山岩型、矽卡岩型、斑岩型、碳酸盐型等6种类型,并可划归"层控"型和"岩控"型两大类;从矿产预测角度,又可划分为26个矿产预测类型,其中以碳酸盐岩—细碎屑岩型、岩浆热液型铅锌矿最为重要。基于华北地区铅锌成矿演化规律,华北地区铅锌成矿期可划分为中元古代、早古生代、晚古生代和中生代4个主要时期,中元古代、中生代是铅锌成矿的高峰期。华北地区铅锌成矿受控于区域构造、沉积-火山岩系、中酸性侵入岩等多种因素,经历了长期且复杂的构造演化,"层控"型和"岩控"型矿床的成矿环境各有不同,成矿作用特征具有明显差异。经综合评价,华北地区的铅锌成矿可划分为34个铅锌找矿远景区,显示出良好的找矿资源潜力。     

新疆东天山铅锌矿成矿规律及区域预测

东天山是中国西部重要的成矿区带,具备极佳的成矿条件。东天山的铅锌(银)矿主要分布于塔里木古陆块,部分产于阿奇山早石炭世裂谷带,矿床类型可分为层控-热液改造型、矽卡岩型、热液型和火山岩型4种,以层控-热液改造型为主。通过对研究区彩霞山等典型矿床的研究,总结了该区铅锌矿的成矿规律,确定了预测要素。在此基础上运用证据权法划分了68个预测区,并对预测区进行了评述,认为东天山具有很好的寻找层控-热液型铅锌矿的前景。     

中蒙克鲁伦—满洲里成矿带铅锌矿地球化学特征及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄对比

中蒙克鲁伦—满洲里成矿带矿产资源丰富,潜力巨大。中国境内满洲里及其南西一线集中产出查干不拉根、哈拉胜格拉陶勒盖铅锌矿和甲乌拉银铅锌矿,蒙古国毗邻地段产出查夫、乌兰铅锌矿,形成中蒙边境铅锌矿矿集区。采集研究区铅锌矿床样品进行地球化学研究及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试。结果表明,上述铅锌矿床与成矿相关的火山岩—次火山岩—侵入岩大多属亚碱性系列;微量元素分布模式具有相似性;乌兰铅锌矿具有明显的负Eu异常,其他3个铅锌矿则具较弱的负Eu异常。根据锆石U-Pb测年结果认为,晚侏罗世—早白垩世应代表成矿年龄,成矿带铅锌矿床均为形成于拉伸环境下的次火山热液型铅锌矿。对比分析了位于同一成矿带内的两国铅锌矿,揭示该矿集区铅锌矿的成矿特征及成矿规律,为进一步指导中国境内该矿集区的铅锌矿找矿工作提供理论依据。     

湖南铅锌矿床地质特征与资源潜力评价

铅锌是湖南优势矿产资源,成矿地质条件优越,资源潜力巨大。开展湖南铅锌资源潜力评价,预测铅锌矿产资源潜力,以更好地指导铅锌矿产资源的规划和利用。根据重要矿产预测类型划分方案,结合铅锌矿床地质特征和成矿模型,将湖南铅锌矿产预测类型划分为4类：碳酸盐型（李梅式、董家河式、江家垭式）、矽卡岩型（水口山式、黄沙坪式）、岩浆热液型（桃林式、枞树板式）和沉积改造型（玛瑙山式）。以湖南四级大地构造单元为基础,结合铅锌矿产的分布特征,划分为20个Ⅳ级成矿带和16个Ⅴ级成矿区,提出19个重点勘查部署建议区。     

陕西省铅锌矿资源特征及时空分布规律概论

陕西省铅锌矿产资源丰富,为省内优势矿种。笔者在《中国矿产地质志·陕西卷》研编成果的基础上,对陕西省铅锌矿的矿床类型、资源特点及其时空分布规律等进行了较全面的总结。依据主要成矿作用,将铅锌矿床(成因/工业)类型划分为4个类型(三级分类)、7个亚类型(四级分类),并对各矿床类型作了简要阐述。铅锌矿的资源特点是:矿产地数量多,但地理分布不均衡;矿床类型多样,但以层控热液型为主;大中型矿床数量少,但资源量占比大;共、伴生铅锌矿床数较多,但资源量占比小。铅锌矿成矿时代跨度大,从新元古代到中生代均有产出,但以晚古生代(华力西期)最为重要。在空间分布上,大、中型规模的铅锌矿床主要集中分布于南秦岭成矿带(Ⅲ-66B)的凤县-太白成矿亚带(Ⅳ-66B-1)和镇安-旬阳成矿亚带(Ⅳ-66B-3),并分别形成凤县-太白铅锌矿集区和旬阳泗人沟-南沙沟矿铅锌集区2个重要矿集区。     

论中国铅锌矿床的主岩+成因综合分类

铅锌矿床分类是铅锌矿床地质学的最主要研究课题之一。在《中国矿产地质志·铅锌矿卷》研编过程中,笔者对国内外有关铅锌矿床分类的文献进行了较详细的调查、研究和梳理,并且根据对国内外许多重要铅锌矿床的研究实践,提出了中国铅锌矿床的主岩+成因分类。该分类将中国铅锌矿床划分为11个类型,包括： 沉积岩为主岩喷流沉积型、碳酸盐岩为主岩（后生）型、砂岩铅和砂砾岩铅锌矿床、火山岩为主岩块状硫化物型、与侵入岩有关的铅锌矿床、陆相火山岩型、非岩浆成因中低温热液型、非硫化物型、砂矿型、复合型和叠生型。笔者总结提出的中国铅锌矿床综合（主岩+成因）分类表能较好地涵盖全国的铅锌矿床类型、亚型、矿床式及其代表性矿床。复合型和叠生型是中国铅锌矿床特色,找矿前景良好,应加强勘查、开发和研究。     

山东省铅锌矿床类型、地质特征及找矿远景

根据已有山东省铅锌矿的找矿科研成果及山东省铅锌矿产资源利用现状调查成果,分析了山东省铅锌矿资源分布、储量现状和不同铅锌矿床类型地质特征。在参考借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,归纳总结将山东省铅锌矿床类型划分为斑岩型、热液充填脉型、碳酸盐岩型、共伴生型4种,其中,前三种是主要类型,储量占比较大。在此基础上,结合铅锌矿资源形成地质背景、物化探异常和时空分布特征,划分出了威海-荣成、安丘-诸城、烟台福山-栖霞、沂源-沂水县、五莲县七宝山等5个找矿远景区。     

东昆仑成矿带成矿特征与资源潜力分析

东昆仑地处中国中央造山带的西段,横跨青海、新疆两省(区),不仅是我国重要的金属成矿带,也是我国新的黑色有色金属资源基地。该区构造-岩浆活动强烈,成矿地质条件优越,新近发现或扩储了一批大(中)型矿床。区内主攻矿种为钨、锡、金、铁、铜、镍、铅锌等;主攻矿床类型为岩浆熔离型铜镍硫化物矿、造山型金矿、云英岩-矽卡岩-热液脉型钨锡矿、矽卡岩-斑岩型铁铜铅锌多金属矿。本文在综合分析已有各类工作成果基础之上,划分了成矿谱系和矿床成矿系列,开展了资源潜力评价分析,提出了4个一般远景区及4个普通远景区,为进一步找矿工作提供支撑。     

河南卢氏—栾川地区铅锌矿成矿多样性分析及成矿预测

河南省卢氏-栾川地区位于华北陆块南缘与秦岭造山带的衔接部位,是中国重要的钼、钨、铅、锌多金属成矿区。通过控矿地质条件与成矿环境多样性分析,将研究区铅锌矿划分为3种成因类型:岩浆热液交代型铅锌矿床、MVT型铅锌矿床和SEDEX型铅锌矿床。在此基础上,利用“成矿专属性”和“成矿多样性”相结合的找矿思路,对矿区不同类型矿床成矿进行远景评价,指出具有良好的找矿前景。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of