Eoarchean to Mesoarchean crustal evolution in the Dharwar craton,India: Evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopes

The formation and evolution of continental crust in the Early Earth are of fundamental importance in understanding the emergence of continents, their assembly into supercontinents and evolution of life and environment. The Dharwar Craton in southern India is among the major Archean cratons of the world, where recent studies have shown that the craton formation involved the assembly of several micro-continents during Meso- to Neoarchean through subduction-accretion-collision processes. Here we report U-Pb-Hf isotope data from detrital zircons in a suite of metasediments (including quartz mica schist, fuchsite quartzite and metapelite) from the southern domain of the Chitradurga suture zone that marks the boundary between the Western and Central Dharwar Craton. Morphology and internal structure of the zircon grains suggest that the dominant population was derived from proximal granitic (felsic) sources. Zircon U-Pb data are grouped into Paleo-Mesoarchean and Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic with peaks at 3227 Ma and 2575 Ma. The age spectra of detrital zircon grains, in combination with the Lu-Hf isotopic analyses indicate sediment provenance from magmatic sources with model ages in the range of ca. 3.67 to 2.75 Ga. A transition from dominantly juvenile to a mixture of juvenile and recycled crustal components indicate progressive crustal maturity. The results from this study suggest major crustal growth events during ca. 3.2 Ga and 2.6 Ga in Dharwar. Our study provides insights into continental emergence, weathering and detrital input through river drainage systems into the trench during Eoarchean to Mesoarchean.     

U-Pb SHRIMP ages of detrital zircons from Hiriyur Formation in Chitradurga greenstone belt and its implication to the Neoarchean evolution of Dharwar craton,south India

We report newly obtained U-Pb SHRIMP ages of detrital zircons from metagreywackes in the Hiriyur Formation (Chitradurga Group, Dharwar Supergroup) from the central eastern part of the Chitradurga greenstone belt. U-Pb analyses yield three major Neoarchean age populations ranging from 2.70–2.54 Ga with some minor age population of Mesoarchean. The maximum age of deposition is constrained by the youngest detrital zircon population at 2546 Ma. This is the first report of the occurrence of supracrustal rocks less than 2.58 Ga in the central part of Chitradurga greenstone belt. Close evaluation of detrital ages with the published ages of surrounding igneous rocks suggest that the youngest detrital zircons might be derived from rocks of the Eastern Dharwar craton and the inferred docking of the western and eastern Dharwar cratons happened prior to the deposition of the Hiriyur Formation. The Chitradurga shear zone, dividing the Dharwar craton into western and eastern blocks, probably developed after the deposition. Furthermore, the lower intercept is interpreted as evidence for the Pan-African overprints in the study area.     

New U-Pb ages of zircons in the Owk Shale (Kurnool Group) with reflections on proterozoic porcellanites in India

Felsic tuff beds with some presumed sedimentary components were reported from the Owk Shale (Kurnool Group; bearing Neoproterozoic fossils) in the upper part of the sedimentary succession in the Cuddapah basin in India by Saha and Tripathy (2012a). Our optical and SEM petrographic study of three thin sections, however, indicates that the parent samples are sandy mudstones with variable amounts of a felsic volcaniclastic component. New highquality U-Pb (SHRIMP and LA-MC-ICPMS) ages of 133 detrital zircon grains from a sample show that one grain is ca. 1880 Ma, one grain is ca. 3300 Ma, and the ages of the remaining 131 grains fall between 2690 Ma and 2429 Ma, the population averaging 2522 ± 36 Ma. The data indicate that the zircons are detrital grains derived from the ca. 2.5 Ga granitic/gneissic/greenstone basement of the Dharwar cratons that also host minor older Archean enclaves. The single 1880 Ma grain could have come from a ca. 1.9 Ga LIP. In the absence of any younger magmatic zircon, the absolute age of the Owk Shale remains elusive.     

华北克拉通南缘五佛山群沉积时代和物源区分析:碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素证据

河南嵩山地区位于华北克拉通南缘,其早前寒武纪结晶基底主要由新太古代登封群表壳岩、TTG质片麻岩和古元古代嵩山群石英岩,以及新太古代-古元古代的花岗质岩石组成。五佛山群角度不整合覆盖于登封群和嵩山群之上,主要由石英砂岩组成,夹少量的粉砂质页岩和薄层灰岩,为该地区太古宙-古元古代结晶基底之上分布广泛的第一沉积盖层。探讨其沉积时代和物质来源,对揭示华北克拉通南缘前寒武纪地壳演化过程具有重要意义,并可为华北南缘前寒武纪地层框架的建立和对比提供依据。本文对五佛山群底部马鞍山组两个石英砂岩样品的碎屑锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定,获得最年轻的207Pb/206Pb年龄分别为(1732±11)Ma和(1655±22)Ma,说明五佛山群形成时代的下限为古元古代晚期,与华北克拉通南缘熊耳群火山-沉积岩系之后的其他沉积盖层年代相当。五佛山群碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄范围为2816~1655 Ma,主要集中于2100~1800 Ma之间(约占60%),年龄主峰值为(1.93±0.10)Ga,部分年龄分布于2500~2100 Ma之间(约占24%),说明其沉积物质主要来源于古元古代的地质体,相比华北克拉通其他地区同时代的沉积地层碎屑锆石年代学研究结果,本区来自太古宙的物源极少。五佛山群马鞍山组碎屑锆石的U-Pb年龄反映了嵩山地区在1.93 Ga左右发生过重要的构造-热事件,与华北克拉通古元古代中期发生的变质作用时间(约1.91 Ga)一致。碎屑锆石εHf(t)值为–14.3~4.6,Hf的两阶段模式年龄分布于2363~3672 Ma之间,明显大于其207Pb/206Pb年龄,大部分锆石的Hf同位素组成集中于2.50 Ga和2.80 Ga地壳演化线区域内,揭示了新太古代为华北克拉通南缘重要的陆壳生长期。     

Ages of Detrital Zircon from Siliciclastic Successions South of the São Francisco Craton, Brazil: Implications for the Evolution of Proterozoic Basins

In this work we report ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb LA-ICPMS ages of 152 detrital zircons from lower greenschist facies quartzites from Proterozoic basin successions of the southern border of the São Francisco Craton, southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. These are the intracratonic São João del Rei basin, the intraplate continental margin Andrelândia basin, and the Serra do Ouro Grosso sequence, developed on a crystalline basement older than 1.8 Ga, and deformed and metamorphosed during the Brasiliano Orogeny, ca. 0.59–0.50 Ga. The data constrain both the ages of the sources and the interval of sedimentation. The detrital zircons of the Serra do Ouro Grosso sequence were derived predominantly from the erosion of a Neoarchean crust, 2.5–2.8 Ga old, with only one grain showing a Paleoproterozoic age (2, 245±83 Ma) older than the Transamazonian event. Zircons extracted from a shelf quartzite of the lowermost sequence of the São João del Rei basin indicate derivation from the 1.8–2.2 Ga Transamazonian crust, with subordinate contribution from the 2.5–2.9 Ga Archean crust. The 1, 809±41 Ma age is interpreted as the maximum limit for sedimentation in this basin. The results confirm the regional correlation with the Espinhaço Rift successions. The zircons extracted from an autochthonous quartzite of the Andrelândia sequence yielded ages in the 1.0–2.2 Ga range, with a modal class at 1.2–1.3 Ga. Only two of the forty analyzed zircons yield Archean ages. The youngest zircon yields 1, 086±85 Ma. The zircons from the allochthonous quartzite yield ages between 1.0–2.7 Ga, with a modal class at 2.1–2.2 Ga. Only five of 45 analyzed grains yield Archean ages. The youngest zircon has an age of 1, 047±77 Ma. The results indicate that the detrital sediments deposited during the second marine flooding event of the Andrelândia sedimentation were mainly derived from the erosion of Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozic rocks. The 1, 047±77 Ma age is interpreted as the maximum depositional age for the described association.     

通化地区光华岩群变质岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

吉林通化地区光华岩群出露于太古宙TTG片麻岩之中,其形成时代一直存在争议.利用SHRIMP与LA-ICPMS技术,对其代表性岩石样品开展了锆石U-Pb定年分析,包括石榴黑云片岩、黑云二长片麻岩、石榴角闪片岩和侵入光华岩群底部的钾长花岗岩.结果显示,光华岩群4件变质岩石样品尽管位置不同,但碎屑锆石年龄非常接近,207Pb/206Pb谐和年龄集中在2.6~2.5 Ga之间,加权平均值分别为2 529±7 Ma、2 568±4 Ma、2 526±11 Ma和2 530±6 Ma,表明其成岩物质来源于新太古代地体.部分变质岩石记录了2 525±10 Ma、1 926±40 Ma和1 878±16 Ma的变质锆石年龄,表明其既经历了太古代末期的构造热事件改造,又遭受了古元古代晚期碰撞造山事件的扰动.确定侵入光华岩群底部的钾长花岗岩的侵位年龄为2 154±7 Ma,岩石未遭受变形改造,其成因可能与陆内裂谷发育过程有关.      

华北克拉通南缘太古宙地壳生长和再造:登封地区五指岭组碎屑锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素制约

对登封地区嵩山群五指岭组二云石英片岩和石英岩中碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和原位Hf同位素分析,为探讨华北克拉通南缘太古宙地壳生长和再造提供了制约。结果显示,碎屑锆石多数呈自形–半自形,发育振荡生长环带,结合相对高的Th/U比值(0.07~1.87),暗示它们多数为岩浆成因。二云石英片岩和石英岩中碎屑锆石具有类似的年龄和Hf同位素组成,它们的207Pb/206Pb谐和年龄分别介于2879~2027 Ma和3346~1903 Ma之间,峰期年龄分别为2524 Ma和2528 Ma。~2.5 Ga锆石的εHf(t)值多数为正值,介于+0.10~+9.22之间,tDM2C变化于3028~2453 Ma之间,4颗碎屑锆石的εHf(t)值为负值,变化于-1.68~-0.03之间,tDM2C介于3132~3032 Ma之间。根据上述结果并结合相邻地区的相关研究资料,表明嵩山群沉积于古元古代晚期,五指岭组中碎屑锆石的物源主要为华北克拉通南缘~2.5 Ga具有新生地壳属性的结晶基底物质。华北克拉通南缘存在中–新太古代时期的地壳生长,同时发育中太古代古老地壳物质的再造。     

胶北太古宙早期锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素研究：华北克拉通古老陆壳增生及再循环的证据

古老陆壳物质的发现与鉴别是探索地球早期陆壳形成与演化历史的重要内容之一,锆石U-Pb年龄结合Hf同位素研究是该研究的重要手段。本文通过对胶北地体内一个长英质副片麻岩中的锆石开展系统的原位U-Pb定年和微量、稀土元素分析,获得了多个太古宙早期的锆石。根据这些锆石的阴极发光图像、Th/U比值及稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式,它们具有典型岩浆锆石的特征,其中2个分析点给出了3413Ma和3400Ma(~3.4Ga)的锆石U-Pb年龄,7个分析点给出3547±19Ma(MSWD=1.16)的锆石U-Pb年龄,指示太古宙早期的陆壳岩浆事件;结合华北克拉通其它地区的类似研究结果,暗示华北克拉通可能曾经存在比现今出露面积更大的太古宙早期的古老陆壳。这些古老锆石的Hf同位素分析显示,它们的εHf(t)值在-6.19~0.95之间,平均为-2.54,两阶段Hf模式年龄在3737~4353Ma之间,平均值为~4.1Ga,远大于锆石的U-Pb年龄,指示华北克拉通存在~4.1Ga的地壳增生作用及古老陆壳(3.55Ga)的再循环。     

Geochronology (SHRIMP II) of zircons from Archean stratotectonic associations of Karelian greenstone belts: Significance for stratigraphic and geodynamic reconstructions

Individual grains of zircon from the Archean Kostomuksha, North Karelian and Matkalakhta greenstone belts, which are situated respectively in western, northern and eastern Karelia, are studied using the ion microprobe SHRIMP II. As a result, the oldest ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages of 3151 ± 4.6 and 3329 ± 16 Ma are first determined for detrital zircons from northern and eastern Karelia. The ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages estimated for two subsequent metamorphic events of Archean Eon in eastern Karelia correspond to 3.25 and 3.17–3.10 Ga. The age value of 2711 ± 9.6 Ma is determined for silicic volcano-plutonic complex and quartz stockwork in northern Karelia and the date 2821 ± 15 Ma for magmatic rocks of eastern Karelia. Silicic volcanics from an oceanic plateau section in the Kostomuksha belt are dated at 2791.7 ± 6.1 Ma for the first time in the Archean of Fennoscandia. The oldest detrital zircons from siliciclastic metasediments determine the stabilization time of Archean continental nuclei in East Fennoscandia. The younger generation of greenstone belts is exemplified in the Karelian craton by the Matkalakhta and Kostomuksha structures comprising rock associations less than 2.82 Ga old, mafic rocks of the Kontokki Group included. Geological history of these belts corresponds to geodynamic mesocycle 90–110 Ma long and to the Archean global epoch of metallogeny, which was responsible for origin of most valuable deposits of base and precious metals.     

Late Jurassic-Cretaceous fluvial evolution of central Africa: Insights from the Kasai-Congo Basin,Democratic Republic Congo

The Congo Basin in central Africa is one of the largest intracratonic sedimentary basins in the world. The geological knowledge of Congo Basin is mainly based on studies from the central part of the basin (“Cuvette Centrale”). We present the results of sedimentary provenance investigations of the Jurassic–Cretaceous strata from the southwestern part of the basin, called the Kasai region. This study combines sandstone petrography with U-Pb and Lu-Hf analyses of detrital zircons to assess the stratigraphy, sedimentary provenance and drainage history of the Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous strata in the Kasai region. The stratigraphy is subdivided into a single Upper Jurassic unit (J1) and four Cretaceous units (C1–C4). Petrographically, sandstones from all units except the conglomeratic C3 are texturally and compositionally mature, dominated by quartzarenite and subarkosic compositions. These characteristics can be attributed to considerable recycling of older sedimentary strata and crustal sources, along with long distance fluvial and aeolian processes. The analyses of fifteen detrital zircon samples from the Upper Jurassic–Cretaceous strata yielded mainly Archean and Proterozoic zircons. This result suggests that sandstones are likely sourced from the underlying Archean-Paleoproterozoic Congo–Kasai Craton and from nearby Proterozoic mobile belts, particularly the Irumide and Lufilian Belts to the south of the basin. The dominance of Archean and Proterozoic detrital zircons in Upper Jurassic–Cretaceous strata suggests that the Kasai portion of the Congo Basin experienced exhumation and erosion, which is possibly associated with far-field reactivation of Archean and Proterozoic structures during and following Gondwana rifting in the late Mesozoic. A large fluvial drainage network sourced from the south of the basin, is interpreted to have developed across central Africa during the Late Jurassic–Cretaceous. This fluvial system is believed to have flowed northward across the Congo Basin and ultimately drained into a wrench fault system called the Central African Shear Zone, which extends in an ENE direction from the Gulf of Guinea through Cameroon into Sudan and Kenya.     

华北克拉通古元古代末-新元古代地质事件——来自北京西山地区寒武系和侏罗系碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学的证据

华北克拉通是否同华南克拉通一样保存有与Rodinia超大陆聚合和裂解有关的年龄记录是理解华北克拉通元古宙构造演化的重要科学问题.本文对位于华北克拉通燕辽裂陷槽的北京西山地区的寒武系和侏罗系碎屑岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,目的是通过碎屑锆石年龄揭示华北克拉通前寒武纪尤其是古元古代末-新元古代重要地质事件.定年结果显示,北京西山寒武系徐庄组的钙质细砂岩中碎屑锆石年龄峰值主要集中在～1.38Ga和～1.14Ga.此外,还有～ 1.56Ga、～912Ma、～814Ma、～740Ma、～630Ma和～507Ma的年龄组.侏罗系窑坡组长石质岩屑细砂岩和粉砂质泥岩中碎屑锆石年龄峰值主要集中在～2.5Ga、1.88～1.8Ga、～1.74Ga、～1.6Ga和186Ma.此外,还有～2.77Ga、～2.0Ga、～1.2Ga、～488Ma、～256Ma和～233 Ma的年龄组.这三个岩石具有较低的成分和结构成熟度,指示较近的物源区,其碎屑物质可能大部分来自华北克拉通内部和北缘,因此其碎屑锆石的年龄组可记录华北克拉通前寒武纪重要地质事件.～2.77Ga、～2.5Ga、2.1～ 2.0Ga和1.88～1.8Ga的年龄组分别对应华北克拉通早前寒武纪发生地壳生长、克拉通化、裂谷和造山等重要地质事件;～ 1.74Ga、～ 1.6Ga、～ 1.56Ga、～1.38Ga、～912Ma和～814Ma的年龄组记录了华北克拉通最终克拉通化后开始的古元古代末-新元古代的多期裂谷事件.与1.3～ 1.0Ga、～740Ma和～630Ma的年龄组相对应的岩石在华北克拉通出现甚少,而该时期的岩浆岩和变质岩在华南克拉通广泛发育,且可能与Rodinia超大陆汇聚和裂解的不同阶段相对应.华北克拉通显生宙碎屑岩中碎屑锆石保存的古元古代末-新元古代地质事件的记录对探讨华北克拉通在元古宙的地质演化及华北克拉通与华南克拉通的关系可提供重要的依据.     

Petrology,geochemistry, and zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Zambezi Belt in Zimbabwe: Implications for terrane assembly in southern Africa

The Zambezi Belt in southern Africa has been regarded as a part of the 570-530 Ma Kuunga Orogen formed by a series of collision of Archean cratons and Proterozoic orogenic belts.Here,we report new petrological,geochemical,and zircon U-Pb geochronological data of various metamorphic rocks(felsic to mafic orthogneiss,pelitic schist,and felsic paragneiss) from the Zambezi Belt in northeastern Zimbabwe,and evaluate the timing and P-T conditions of the collisional event as well as protolith formation.Geochemical data of felsic orthogneiss indicate within-plate granite signature,whereas those of mafic orthogneiss suggest MORB,ocean-island,or within-plate affinities.Metamorphic P-Testimates for orthogneisses indicate significant P-T variation within the study area(700-780 C/6.7-7.2 kbar to 800-875 C/10-11 kbar) suggesting that the Zambezi Belt might correspond to a suture zone with several discrete crustal blocks.Zircon cores from felsic orthogneisses yielded two magmatic ages:2655±21 Ma and 813士5 Ma,which suggests Neoarchean and Early Neoproterozoic crustal growth related to within-plate magmatism.Detrital zircons from metasediments display various ages from Neoarchean to Neoproterozoic(ca.2700-750 Ma).The Neoarchean(ca.2700-2630 Ma) and Paleoproterozoic(ca.2200-1700 Ma) zircons could have been derived from the adjacent Kalahari Craton and the Magondi Belt in Zimbabwe,respectively.The Choma-Kalomo Block and the Lufilian Belt in Zambia might be proximal sources of the Meso-to Neoproterozoic(ca.1500-950 Ma) and early Neoproterozoic(ca.900-750 Ma) detrital zircons,respectively.Such detrital zircons from adjacent terranes possibly deposited during late Neoproterozoic(744-670 Ma),and subsequently underwent highgrade metamorphism at 557-555 Ma possibly related to the collision of the Congo and Kalahari Cratons during the latest Neoproterozoic to Cambrian.In contrast,670-627 Ma metamorphic ages obtained from metasediments are slightly older than previous reports,but consistent with~680-650 Ma metamorphic ages reported from different parts of the Kuunga Orogen,suggesting Cryogenian thermal events before the final collision.     

Early Precambrian tectono-thermal events: coupled U–Pb–Hf of detrital zircons from Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt,North China Craton

The Dashiqiao Formation on the Liaodong Peninsula constitutes an important component within the Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt, North China Craton. It is composed dominantly of dolomitic marbles intercalated with minor carbonaceous slates and mica schists, hosting one of the largest magnesite deposits on Earth. This study presents zircon cathodoluminescence (CL) images and U–Pb–Hf isotope data, as well as single-mineral geochemical data for the staurolite–garnet–mica schist from the Dashiqiao Formation, in order to constrain its protolith age and provenance, and further to discuss the early Precambrian tectono-thermal events of the North China Craton. U–Pb isotopic dating using the LA–ICP–MS method on detrital zircons from the schist preserves at least three age populations ranging in age from 2.99 to 2.02 Ga, and grains as old as ca 4087 Ma. The dominant Neoarchean detrital zircons were most probably sourced from the basement within the Longgang and Nangrim blocks, while the minor Mesoarchean zircons were only sourced from the Longgang Block. The subordinate middle Paleoproterozoic zircons are consistent with ages of the regionally distributed coeval Liaoji granites and volcanics within the Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt. Zircon U–Pb dating yields a metamorphic age of 1930 Ma for the sample, interpreted to represent the peak stage of epidote amphibolite facies metamorphism. Thus, the depositional age for the protolith of the schist was proposed in the period between 2.01 and 1.93 Ga. LA–MC–ICP–MS Lu–Hf isotopic data show that all Archean (2.45–2.55) detrital zircons possess positive ε_Hf(t) values from +?0.7 to +?7.5 with juvenile depleted mantle model ages, suggesting a significant crustal growth event during the Neoarchean in the North China Craton. The Paleoproterozoic detrital zircons possess variable ε_Hf(t) values (??5.5–+?8.3) and depleted mantle model ages from Mesoarchean to Paleoproterozoic. The zircons with negative ε_Hf(t) values implies the Mesoarchean to Neoarchean crust undergoing a recycling event in the period 2.40–2.01 Ga, while those with positive ε_Hf(t) value suggest some indication of juvenile addition to the crust during the Paleoproterozoic. Using regional geological and new detrital zricon U–Pb–Hf isotopic data, the early Precambrian tectono-thermal events can be subdivided into the following episodes: Mesoarchean, late Neoarchean, middle Paleoproterozoic, and late Paleoproterozoic times.     

扬子陆块三峡地区莲沱组砂岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

对扬子陆块三峡地区黄牛岩剖面莲沱组顶部砂岩中的120颗碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素分析.结果显示,黄牛岩剖面莲沱组中碎屑锆石的年龄谱具有~880~800 Ma、~2 000 Ma、~2 500 Ma及~2 700 Ma的峰值,其中最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄为724±8 Ma.结合前人对该地区莲沱组顶部凝灰岩开展的年代学工作,将莲沱组顶部砂岩沉积时代限定为724~714 Ma.莲沱组砂岩沉积时间与其中最年轻的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄接近,反映了其源区地壳物质的快速再循环.碎屑锆石Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄(T_DM2)集中在~3.7~3.1 Ga、~2.5~2.0 Ga和~1.3~1.0 Ga,反映其物源区存在古-中太古代、古元古代以及中元古代末期的初生地壳生长.对比近年来三峡地区不同剖面莲沱组砂岩中已报道的碎屑锆石年龄和Hf同位素数据,黄牛岩剖面的莲沱组碎屑锆石年龄和Hf同位素组成与之以北的王丰岗剖面均存在明显差异,说明莲沱组沉积期两者的陆源物质供给区有较大差别.      

朝鲜半岛古元古代摩天岭群的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

克拉通内部活动带变质沉积建造蕴藏了早期超大陆形成中地体聚-散动力学过程的重要信息,碎屑锆石年代学则是揭示这种信息的最佳工具之一。针对华北(中-朝)克拉通最具代表性的古元古代活动带(辽-吉-朝活动带)中巨量沉积建造精细表征方面的空白区域,本文开展了朝鲜半岛检德地区摩天岭群的碎屑锆石年代学研究。SIMS U-Pb定年结果显示,北大川组变火山碎屑岩样品的锆石年龄谱记录了约2.53Ga的主要年龄峰值和约2.19Ga的最年轻峰值,说明北大川组开始沉积的时代应该晚于2.2Ga。南大川组变沉积岩样品碎屑锆石记录的最年轻峰值年龄为约2.02Ga,说明南大川组的沉积时代应该不早于2.02Ga;其锆石年龄谱记录了一个主要年龄峰值区域(2.02~2.18Ga)、一个次要年龄峰值(约2.46Ga)和一些2.78~3.30 Ga的古老年龄,指示其物质源区主要为同区古元古代地质体和邻近地体上的太古宙变质基底。区域对比表明,摩天岭群与中国境内辽吉活动带中的辽河群及集安群/老岭群具有基本一致的碎屑锆石年龄谱,说明它们不仅是同一时代的产物,而且分享类似的物质源区。这些时代一致、物源相近的沉积建造可以为甄别古元古代辽-吉-朝活动带的大地构造属性提供重要参考。与沉积年龄相近的碎屑锆石占据主导的碎屑锆石年龄谱反映了汇聚板块边缘各类盆地的典型特征,而相悖于大部分碎屑锆石年龄远大于地层沉积年龄的裂谷型盆地。     

渣尔泰群、白云鄂博群碎屑锆石特征对源区地壳结构的启示

近年来,锆石的晶体形态、内部结构、年龄和Hf-O同位素分析已经成为盆地沉积物源区示踪的重要探针。渣尔泰群和白云鄂博群中碎屑锆石年龄主要集中在新太古代末期（～2.50 Ga）与古元古代末期（～1.90 Ga）两组,这两组碎屑锆石的相对丰度在层序上出现“振荡性”变化,这种变化特征与经典的源汇系统中构造—沉积响应的年代记录明显不一致。为研究渣尔泰群、白云鄂博群沉积层序中碎屑锆石年龄分布特征与源区构造演化之间的关系。本文系统总结了区域内大量相关的锆石U-Pb年龄数据,同时对渣尔泰群书记沟组和增隆昌组进行碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究。研究表明这两组年龄与南部大青山—乌拉山造山带中基底岩石记录的构造热事件年龄相一致,同时根据锆石结构特征认为～2.50 Ga的锆石来源于造山带内新太古代岩浆—变质地体,～1.90 Ga的锆石来源于高级变质—深熔地体。大青山—乌拉山造山带与这套中-新元古代沉积地层构成源汇系统。源区造山带下地壳新太古代与古元古代变质岩系近水平互层叠置是大青山—乌拉山造山带下地壳结构的基本特征,岩性变化率在垂向上远大于水平方向,是控制盆地中碎屑锆石组合变化的直接原因。     

库车坳陷北缘早白垩世源区特征:来自盆地碎屑锆石

通过对下白垩统亚格列木组79颗碎屑锆石的LA—ICP—MS U—Pb微区定年分析,结果表明该时期库车坳陷的物源年龄构成复杂,主要集中在427~389 Ma,379~339 Ma、321~283 Ma,266~239 Ma,162~150 Ma五组及前寒武纪基底年龄。结合对潜在的物源区天山造山带岩石属性、年龄构成调研以及以往盆地碎屑组分、重矿物研究成果,作者认为早白垩世时期库车坳陷北缘物源受南天山皱褶带和伊犁—中天山弧造山带源区共同控制,即南天山、塔里木北缘的南天山花岗岩—碱性岩带,伊犁—中天山(包括中天山南缘断裂的古生代花岗岩—火山岩带)均为潜在的物源。并且,前寒武纪基底年龄的发现反映源区剥露程度较深,天山造山带可能存在元古代—太古代结晶基底,但对此类锆石的成因机理尚需进一步研究。另外,碎屑锆石年龄162~150 Ma暗示了天山地区可能存在晚侏罗世岩浆活动,但有待进一步的证实。     

华北克拉通北缘化德群中碎屑锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

化德群出露地区位于华北克拉通北缘中部,紧邻中亚造山带南缘,呈近东西向展布。在它的西边是早-中元古代的白云鄂博裂谷和渣尔泰—狼山裂谷,东南面是由长城系、蓟县系和青白口系组成的早-新元古代的燕辽裂陷槽,南边分布着1.9~1.8Ga麻粒岩相变质的丰镇群（孔兹岩系）,北边出露有代表中亚造山带的古生代岩石。化德群由一套浅变质和未变质的沉积岩组成,无火山岩夹层。地层序列包含多个沉积旋回,每个旋回自下而上为含砾砂岩、砂岩、碳酸盐岩和泥质岩。岩石组合反映了从河流—滨海—浅海相的沉积环境。化德群的地层序列可以和白云鄂博群及渣尔泰群相对比。本文对化德群四个变质砂岩样品中的碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定,年龄主要集中在1800±50Ma和1850±50Ma,另外还有~2500Ma和~2000Ma的次要峰值。化德群底部变质含砾云母长石石英砂岩中碎屑锆石的最小谐和年龄是1758±7Ma,限定了化德群沉积时代的下限。碎屑锆石的CL图像显示,1800±50Ma和1850±50Ma的锆石主要是变质成因,少量岩浆成因,说明化德群的源区主要是古元古代的变质岩,少量岩浆岩。~2500Ma和~2000Ma的碎屑锆石代表了更为古老的源区。碎屑锆石的U-Pb年龄限制了化德群的沉积时代为古元古代晚期—中元古代,年龄峰值对应华北克拉通的重要构造热事件,而无与中亚造山带地质事件相关的年龄信息。沉积组合特征表明化德群属于稳定的浅水—半深水沉积盆地。化德盆地、渣尔泰—狼山盆地和白云鄂博盆地共同构成华北克拉通北缘的被动陆缘裂谷系,该裂谷系的形成可能与燕辽及熊耳裂陷槽的打开是同时期的。因此,华北克拉通的北界应该置于化德群出露区域以北。基于锆石特征的详细分析及对比,我们认为化德群以南的孔兹岩系可能是化德群的主要源区。     

柴达木盆地北缘全吉群皱节山组碎屑锆石年代学特征及其地质意义

柴达木盆地北缘的全吉群主要为一套未变质的砂砾岩、石英岩、砂页岩、白云岩和冰碛岩的地层,为全吉地块基底之上的最古老的直接沉积盖层.对全吉群上部皱节山组2件紫红色细砂岩样品进行碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定,碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄谱特征显示,皱节山组沉积物主要以1 750~1 990 Ma（约占84.7%）的锆石年龄最为集中,其次为2 400~2 500 Ma的年龄值,结合区域热事件,说明皱节山组沉积物可能主要来自于全吉地块古元古代末达肯大坂岩群,部分来自德令哈杂岩体.此外,~1.95 Ga和~1.85 Ga的碎屑锆石具有显著优势,它记录了全吉地块在古元古代的2期重要的热事件——古元古代末镁铁质岩墙群的侵入作用和古元古代晚期的区域变质-深熔作用.      

华北克拉通北缘白云鄂博群和腮林忽洞群底部碎屑锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素分析及其地质意义

白云鄂博群位于华北克拉通北缘,由于赋存超大型REE-Nb-Fe矿而受到广泛关注。白云鄂博群形成时代有中元古代、古生代等不同认识。腮林忽洞群位于白云鄂博群的南部,与白云鄂博群的关系也有不同认识。本文报道了白云鄂博群和腮林忽洞群底部中-粗粒砂岩的碎屑锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和LA-ICPMS Hf同位素组成。两个岩群碎屑沉积岩的碎屑锆石在形态和内部结构上类似,按结构特征可分为继承或捕获锆石、岩浆锆石、变质锆石和重结晶锆石等不同类型。年龄都主要分布在1.8~2.1Ga之间和2.4~2.7Ga之间,尽管年龄峰值存在一定区别。它们的Hf同位素组成也类似,εHf(t)和tDM2(Hf)变化范围分别主要在约-6.0~6.0之间和2550~2950Ma之间。结合前人研究,可得出如下结论:白云鄂博群和腮林忽洞群的物源区类似,主要由新太古代晚期和古元古代晚期岩浆岩组成,为新太古代早期陆壳物质再循环产物;部分岩石遭受新太古代晚期和古元古代晚期高级变质作用改造;碎屑物质都来自华北克拉通北缘早前寒武纪变质基底,与其形成时代相同的认识不矛盾。