湘西北下寒武统黑色岩系钒镍钼矿微量元素地球化学

湘西北下寒武统黑色岩系是中国南方下寒武统黑色岩系的重要组成部分,富含钒镍钼等多金属元素。文中对湘西北下寒武统黑色岩系钒镍钼矿进行了微量元素研究,研究区内Ni、Cd、Mo、Sb、V、Zn、W、Ba等元素特别富集,高含量的Sb和Ba表明其为热水沉积;Mo含量极高说明其为缺氧的还原环境;高的V/（V+Ni）、V/Cr、Ni/Co以及δU值表明其沉积环境为缺氧环境;高的 U/Th表明本区有热水沉积作用;稀土元素配分模式、Ce和Eu异常及La/Yb Ce/La和La/Yb ΣREE图解投点表明其沉积环境为还原环境,并有热水沉积作用。可见黑色岩系形成于缺氧环境,热液活动为其提供了丰富的热液来源。     

黔北下寒武统黑色岩系元素赋存状态及富集模式

通过对黔北下寒武统黑色岩系的地质和地球化学分析,结合前人研究成果,探讨了黑色岩系元素赋存状态及富集模式。黑色岩系富含有机质,粘土矿物成分高,Ni-Mo矿层以硫化物矿物为主,表明元素赋存状态主要为硫化物态、有机质结合态和粘土矿物吸附态等,但各个元素的赋存状态有所不同。黑色岩系多元素富集层是贵金属元素、稀土元素和其他微量元素的富集体,富集系数高。黑色岩系多元素的异常富集是古地理环境、构造运动、热液活动和缺氧事件的综合作用结果。     

广西373铀矿床微量元素地球化学特征及其成因探讨

373铀矿床是我国南方典型碳硅泥岩型铀矿床之一,主要发育一套黑色弱硅化泥岩、粉砂岩,硅化生屑灰岩及其过渡型岩类地层,矿床明显受断裂发育影响,铀矿化于次级断裂带中.通过系统地球化学研究表明:3组不同期次脉体普遍亏损过渡元素Ti、Sc、Cr、Cu、Zn和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf;相对较富集Mn、Ni、As、Sr、Mo、Sb、Tl和U等微量元素.后期热液活动使脉体Ba、Sb、As和Mo等元素异常富集.后期热液叠加改造,使得岩石普遍亏损过渡元素Sc、Ti、Cr和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf,普遍富集Co、Ni、Zn、As、Sb、Mo、Cd、W、Tl、Pb、Bi和U,其中As、Sb、Mo、Tl和U尤为富集,富集系数平均达到100左右,U与W、As、Sb和Pb相关系数都在0.9左右,具有高度同源性,铀成矿与热液活动有关.典型剖面微量元素富集与硅化密切相关,当硅化达到一定程度后微量元素富集出现反转,即随着硅化强度增加而富集能力反而降低.V/Cr、V/Sc、Ni/Co、V/(V+Ni)、U/Th、δU、δEu和δCe等特征元素比值反应铀预富集形成于缺氧的古海洋环境.高丰度的As、Sb和Ba等元素,以及U-Th关系图解和Zn-Ni-Co三元图解均显示热水沉积成因.微量元素特征表明碳硅泥岩形成于缺氧的还原环境,铀预富集与热水沉积有关,铀成矿与热液叠加改造有关,后期热液沿运移通道上升进入储集空间,与铀预富集地层热液叠加成矿.     

安徽石台地区下寒武统黑色岩系微量元素地球化学特征

黑色岩系成因复杂,且与多金属元素成矿密切相关。对安徽石台地区下寒武统黑色岩系微量元素地球化学研究表明,其富集Ag、V、U、Mo、As、Sb等多种金属元素。且在这套黑色岩系地层剖面中,其中部碳质页岩的金属元素富集程度比其它岩性的富集程度明显偏高。微量元素组成及相关元素比值显示这套黑色岩系形成于海相热水沉积作用,代表了一种非正常海水沉积。沉积环境由早期缺氧的还原环境逐渐向后期的半还原-氧化环境演化,反映早寒武世安徽下扬子海由海侵向海退的逐渐过渡。     

南秦岭夏家店金矿床赋矿黑色岩系元素地球化学及其成矿意义

夏家店金矿床位于扬子板块早古生代被动大陆北缘的柞水—山阳盆地内,其赋矿黑色岩系的岩性主要为浅红色硅质岩、蓝灰色蚀变硅泥质岩、灰黑色薄层碳硅质板岩、土黄色泥质板岩和黑色碳硅泥质岩。黑色岩系主量元素、微量元素以及稀土元素分析结果表明：其主要成分为SiO2,并在硅质岩中含量最高,其中大离子亲石元素及成矿元素明显富集,如Sr、Ba、U、Cu、Zn、V、Au和Ag等元素含量均较高,是地壳丰度的几倍到几十倍;硅质岩样品总体呈弱负Ce异常、弱负异常或正Eu异常,泥质岩类显示Ce、Eu负异常,而少数碳硅质岩样品则表现出Eu的正异常,它们的北美页岩标准化稀土配分模式曲线均为向左缓倾。结合黑色岩系的岩石学特征和产出的大地构造环境以及主量、微量和稀土元素特征参数比值和判别图解,研究表明夏家店黑色岩系的成岩物质来源具有多样性,其下部的硅质岩主要为热水沉积的产物,随着海水及陆源物质的逐渐加入,在热水沉积逐渐向正常沉积所转化的过程中,形成碳硅质岩与泥质岩。夏家店金矿床赋矿黑色岩系形成于大陆边缘深水半深水滞留缺氧盆地环境,属扬子板块被动陆缘裂陷沉积区。夏家店金矿床赋矿黑色岩系超常富集Au、Ag、Ni、Cu、Zn、V和Ba等元素,黑色岩系可能是该矿床的重要矿源层。     

青海东昆仑大干沟口黑色岩系钒矿床元素地球化学特征

大干沟口钒矿床产于东昆仑中段的一套黑色岩系中,该套黑色岩系主要由泥钙质板岩、碳质硅质板岩、硅质岩、结晶灰岩及碳质板岩组成。其中钒主要赋存于黑色碳质板岩中,其中的w(Pd)/w(Ir)比值在18.01～293.30之间,变化范围较大;w(Co)/w(Zn)比值在0.01～0.12之间,具有明显的热液成因特征。不同岩石类型中w(SiO_2)/w(Al_2O_3)比值在5.61～30.65之间,w(Al_2O_3)/w(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)比值在0.43～0.70之间,显示出远洋深海环境热水或生物沉积作用的特征。泥钙质板岩w(U)/w(Th)=0.41(1),为正常沉积,其余各岩类w(U)/w(Th)比值均大于1,则为热水沉积,特别是钒钼矿层w(U)/w(Th)比值高达97.14,表明成矿过程受到较强的热液活动的影响。含矿层碳质板岩中的δCe=0.44(1),为δCe负异常,表明成矿环境为干燥气候的较深浅海的还原环境。     

湘西下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系的微量元素地球化学特征

为探讨下寒武统黑色岩系在深水区域的沉积环境及其伴生的Ni-Mo多金属富集层的金属元素来源,对湘西寒武纪初期盆地相区龙鼻嘴剖面进行系统采样,分析了样品中干酪根的微量元素含量和全岩V、U、Mo与TOC含量并就微量元素比值与TOC关系进行了探讨。结果显示,干酪根中的Th/U、V/Sc和V/Cr值在剖面上均具有相似的变化规律,V、U和Mo与TOC的相关性可知剖面沉积过程中存在硫化环境,Ni-Co-Zn三角图解中多数样品分布于热水沉积区域。初步推断剖面下部的NiMo多金属富集层,其具有微量元素明显富集和碳同位素较大负值的特征,可作为地层对比的标志;寒武纪初始阶段深水区域可能处于短暂的硫化环境,伴随着沉积环境的充氧之后变为广泛的厌氧环境;黑色岩系沉积过程中有热液活动参与,Ni-Mo多金属富集层中部分元素的极度富集可能是还原的海水和海底热液共同作用的结果。     

云南东川大梁子铀矿床微量、稀土元素地球化学特征及其意义

近年来在云南东川地区发现的大梁子铀矿产于中元古界昆阳群大营盘组黑色岩系中,通过采集矿区具有代表性的矿石及围岩样品开展微量元素及稀土元素研究,初步查明了矿区微量元素分布特征及成矿环境。大营盘组含矿黑色岩系以U、 Ni、 V、 P、 Cu、 As、 Mo和Ag组合为特征,且富含有机碳。稀土元素总量平均值为201.8×10^-6,δEu和δCe均小于1,为负异常,沉积环境为深海相还原环境。在沉积过程中,黑色岩系中的有机碳对U、 Ni、 V、 Cu等成矿元素有较强的吸附作用,经沉积成岩成矿作用而富集成矿。后期的构造活动形成北东向断裂破碎带,为热液活动提供了通道及成矿物质进一步富集的场所, U、 Cu等元素沿北东向F2断裂富集。因此,东川大梁子铀矿床是一个受黑色岩系及北东向F2断裂共同控制的碳硅泥岩型铀矿床。     

373铀矿床微量元素地球化学特征及其成因探讨

内容提要 373铀矿床是我国南方典型碳硅泥岩型铀矿床之一,主要发育一套黑色弱硅化泥岩、粉砂岩,硅化生屑灰岩及其过渡型岩类地层,矿床明显受断裂发育影响,铀矿化于次级断裂带中。通过系统地球化学研究表明：三组不同期次脉体普遍亏损过渡元素Ti、Sc、Cr、Cu、Zn和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf;相对较富集Mn、Ni、As、Sr、Mo、Sb、Tl和U等微量元素。后期热液活动使脉体Ba、Sb、As和Mo等元素异常富集。后期热液叠加改造,使得岩石普遍亏损过渡元素Sc、Ti、Cr和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf,普遍富集Co、Ni、Zn、As、Sb、Mo、Cd、W、Tl、Pb、Bi和U,其中As、Sb、Mo、Tl和 U尤为富集,富集系数平均达到100左右,U与W、As、Sb和Pb相关系数都在0.9左右,具有高度同源性,铀成矿与热液活动有关。典型剖面微量元素富集与硅化密切相关,当硅化达到一定程度后微量元素富集出现反转,即随着硅化强度增加而富集能力反而降低。V/Cr、V/Sc、Ni/Co、V/(V+Ni)、U/Th、δU、δEu和δCe等特征元素比值反应铀预富集形成于缺氧的古海洋环境。高丰度的As、Sb和Ba等元素,以及U-Th关系图解和Zn-Ni-Co三元图解均显示热水沉积成因。微量元素特征表明碳硅泥岩形成于缺氧的还原环境,铀预富集与热水沉积有关,铀成矿与热液叠加改造有关,后期热液沿运移通道上升进入储集空间,与铀预富集地层热液叠加成矿。     

遵义下寒武统富硒黑色岩系地球化学: 成因和硒富集机理

利用XRF、ICP-MS和氢化物原子荧光光谱测试方法系统分析了贵州遵义下寒武统富硒黑色岩系中钾质斑脱岩、磷块岩、黑色页岩、硅质岩和Ni-Mo金属层样品中的主元素、微量元素、稀土元素及分散元素Se的组成.地球化学研究表明: 该套黑色岩系在成因上主要表现为热水沉积特征, 同时存在火山活动的影响.另外, 各层位样品都具有分散元素硒的富集异常特征.综合研究表明, 研究区分散元素硒的富集可能与大量硫化物的存在、热水沉积作用和火山作用有关.      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an