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新疆巴楚-伽师6.8级地震房屋建筑震害原因浅析 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
介绍了巴楚—伽师6.8级地震灾区的主要房屋建筑结构类型以及地震中房屋的震害现象和破坏特点,分析了引起房屋破坏的原因,总结了房屋建筑抗震工作中的经验与教训。 相似文献
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尼泊尔8.1级地震建筑物震害遥感提取与分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
2015年4月25日尼泊尔发生的8.1级地震,造成重大人员伤亡与经济损失。在地震前、后灾区高分遥感影像分析处理基础上,结合现场实地调查,对灾区房屋建筑及其震害程度进行了遥感解译,编制了地震灾区房屋建筑震害分布图。结果分析表明:尼泊尔地震灾区影像上显示的建筑物震害分布与该区域房屋结构类型、主余震位置和区域活动构造分布密切相关。其中,房屋较为严重倒塌区域主要分布在8.1级主震和7.5级余震震中附近,但这两个区域并没有相连;居民点建筑物个别倒塌的居民地则连成一个区域。影像上显示的建筑物倒塌区域,与多数8级巨大地震比较,总体上极震区震害偏轻,但在南南西(垂直于破裂方向)上展布较宽。这一特征与引发该地震的印度与欧亚大陆板块边缘活动断裂在深部呈近似于平行地表的低角度断层面破裂引起的地震动能量在地表相对较宽而低的分布特征是一致的。 相似文献
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九江瑞昌5.7级地震主要结构类型房屋破坏成因分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
九江瑞昌5,7级地震是江西省近代以来强度最大、破坏最为严重的一次地震。由于震区地质条件复杂,房屋抗震性能差,再加上震源浅因而造成了大量民房的毁坏。在地震现场科学考查的基础上,针对灾区主要结构类型房屋的破坏情况,从灾区地震地质环境、不同结构类型房屋的分布情况和震害特征,对不同结构类型房屋的破坏成因作了较为客观的分析与总结。 相似文献
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现阶段针对建筑复合节能墙体的抗震性能评估主要根据强震发生后墙体损毁程度实现,评估结果精确度低,因此构建强震环境下建筑复合节能墙体抗震性能评估模型,根据复合节能墙体构件的强度和刚度退化系数,描述强震环境下建筑复合节能墙体损伤情况;在此基础上,采用动态增量分析法(IDA)在不同强度地震动输入条件下,根据建筑复合节能墙体结构响应参数和地震动强度参数构建2种参数的关系曲线——IDA曲线,利用R-O单一函数曲线规则化IDA曲线,获取IDA概率分位曲线,并将50%概率分位曲线斜率用于描述墙体结构损伤的变化,该曲线斜率则为墙体结构损伤指数,依据该指数准确评估强震环境下建筑复合节能墙体抗震性能。实验结果表明,所构建模型可准确分析不同峰值地面加速度时建筑复合节能墙体结构的位移变化,且模型随地震等级不断提升,评估建筑复合节能墙体抗震性结果精度逐渐提高,是一种适合强震环境的建筑复合节能墙体抗震评估模型。 相似文献
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Ho Choi Yasushi Sanada Hisatoshi Kashiwa Yasuhiro Watanabe Jafril Tanjung Huanjun Jiang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(6):999-1018
This study proposes a procedure for identifying spectral response curves for earthquake‐damaged areas in developing countries without seismic records. An earthquake‐damaged reinforced concrete building located in Padang, Indonesia was selected to illustrate the identification of the maximum seismic response during the 2009 West Sumatra earthquake. This paper summarizes the damage incurred by the building; the majority of the damage was observed in the third story in the span direction. The damage was quantitatively evaluated using the damage index R according to the Japanese guidelines for post‐earthquake damage evaluation. The damage index was also applied to the proposed spectral response identification method. The seismic performance of the building was evaluated by a nonlinear static analysis. The analytical results reproduced a drift concentration in the third story. The R‐index decreased with an increase in the story drift, which provided an estimation of the maximum response of the building during the earthquake. The estimation was verified via an earthquake response analysis of the building using ground acceleration data, which were simulated based on acceleration records of engineering bedrock that considered site amplification. The maximum response estimated by the R‐index was consistent with the maximum response obtained from the earthquake response analysis. Therefore, the proposed method enables the construction of spectral response curves by integrating the identification results for the maximum responses in a number of earthquake‐damaged buildings despite a lack of seismic records. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
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随着我国地震工程学的发展,烈度的应用范围渐渐发生了变化。通过整理半个多世纪的历史地震震害数据,发现整体趋势是,低烈度区的同类结构基本完好比例增加,其他破坏等级的比例下降,高烈度区同类结构的毁坏比例增加;收集近些年发生的汶川地震、芦山地震和鲁甸地震的部分震害数据,发现同一烈度区,设防、未设防的和不同设防等级的结构震害差别较大。如果烈度表达的是地震后果,则据这些后果平均水平判定的烈度应有不同,反证了烈度的含义是通过震害反映的地震作用。因此,借助不同建筑类型、不同设防等级的结构判定烈度时,需要相对统一的标准。由于我国丰富的震害资料来源于未设防结构,建议通过某个烈度下的不同设防标准、各类结构、各震害等级的平均震害指数和(或)破坏比与未设防同类结构的平均震害指数和(或)破坏比的统计关系,建立未设防结构对应的平均震害指数和(或)破坏比的调整系数,可据设防结构震害判定烈度。 相似文献
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汶川8.0级特大地震发生时,前山断裂从彭州市白鹿中学两栋教学楼中间穿过,断层距离两栋教学楼仅数米,造成前楼严重破坏,破坏现象非常典型。该结构为外廊式单跨约束砌体结构教学楼,抗震设防烈度为7度,承重墙体的构造特点有别于当地的普通砌体结构,本文采用现场测试、震害考察和弹塑性地震反应计算分析等手段对该结构的抗震性能进行了详细的研究,旨在揭示具有这类构造形式的砌体结构在不同烈度影响场下的破坏特点和抗震能力,为指导今后砌体结构的设计和抗震规范的修改提供参考。 相似文献
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A primary goal of earthquake engineering is to protect society from the possible negative consequences of future earthquakes. Conventionally, this goal has been achieved indirectly by reducing seismic damage of the built environment through better building codes, or more comprehensibly, by minimizing seismic risk. However, the effect that building damage has on occupants is not explicitly taken into account while designing infrastructure. Consequently, this paper introduces a conceptual framework and numerical algorithm to assess earthquake risk on building occupants during seismic events, considering the evacuation process of the structure. The framework combines probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, inelastic structural response analysis and damage assessment, and couples these results with the response of evacuating agents. The results are cast as probability distributions of variables that measure the overall performance of the system (e.g., evacuation times, number of injured people, and repair costs) for specific time windows. As a testbed, the framework was applied to the response of a reinforced concrete frame building that exemplifies the use of all steps of the methodology. The results suggest that this seismic risk evaluation framework of structural systems that combine the response of a physical model with human agents can be extended to a wide variety of other situations, including the assessment of mitigation actions in communities and people to improve their earthquake resilience. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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文章在对宁夏区域典型经济承载体的抽样调查的基础上,根据以往南北地震带地震中建筑物的震害经验和震害统计研究,对宁夏典型房屋建筑进行了计算分析,得出了宁夏区域房屋建筑的震害矩阵,初步总结了宁夏典型经济承载体的抗震能力分区特征,明确了宁夏城区当前建筑物存在的薄弱环节,确定宁夏不同分区的房屋建筑结构类型,给出了城区建筑物抗震能力综合评价,最后提出了提高建筑物抗震能力的抗震措施。 相似文献
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Filipe Neves Aníbal Costa Romeu Vicente C. Sousa Oliveira Humberto Varum 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(1):27-44
The earthquake of the 9th of July 1998 that hit in the central group of the Azores archipelago greatly affected the islands
of Faial, Pico and S?o Jorge, reaching a magnitude of Mw 6.2 with the epicentre located about 15km northeast of the Faial
Island. This earthquake allowed the collection of an unprecedented quantity of data concerning the characterisation of the
building stock and the damage suffered by construction. This is the main purpose of this research, consisting essentially
of three main aspects: (i) A detailed characterisation of the building stock, assigning a five category classification, from
old traditional rubble stone masonry to reinforced concrete moment framed buildings; (ii) A detailed damage grade classification
based on the different damage mechanisms observed; and, (iii) A seismic vulnerability assessment of the building stock. The
results of the vulnerability assessment together with the building stock database and damage classification were integrated
into a GIS tool, allowing the spatial visualation of damage scenarios, which is potentially useful for the planning of emergency
response strategies and retrofitting priorities to mitigate and manage seismic risk. 相似文献