新疆西天山喇嘛苏铜锌矿床矽卡岩矿物学与还原性流体演化

喇嘛苏铜锌矿位于中亚成矿域西段,为新疆西天山地区相对较早发现的斑岩-矽卡岩铜锌矿床。本文对喇嘛苏铜锌矿矽卡岩和矽卡岩化大理岩中的矽卡岩矿物进行了岩相学及主微量成分分析,首次发现了喇嘛苏铜锌矿床发育的黑榴石和富钛钙铝榴石。对矽卡岩中发育震荡环带的钙铁榴石进行主量元素和电子探针mapping分析,发现钙铁榴石发育不均一的核部,环带部分表现为Al-Fe元素此消彼长的耦合震荡关系;对钙铁榴石从核部中央向边缘环带进行定向原位微量元素LA-ICPMS分析,发现∑REE表现为连续略有降低的趋势、δEu表现出震荡变化。黑榴石和富钛钙铝榴石表现为核幔结构,显示流体氧逸度的降低,流体从超常富集Ti转变为富集Ti。对富钛钙铝榴石进行原位微量元素LA-ICPMS测试,发现富钛钙铝榴石∑REE高于钙铁榴石(钙铝榴石：58.4×10^-6～408.4×10^-6;钙铁榴石28.2×10^-6～108.7×10^-6),富钛钙铝榴石具有强烈正Eu异常(δEu=11.3～15.0),钙铁榴石和富钛钙铝榴石均表现为富集轻稀土而亏损重稀土。喇...     

滇西北羊拉矽卡岩铜矿床石榴子石原位成分、U-Pb测年及其地质意义

羊拉铜矿床是三江特提斯构造域金沙江缝合带中段的大型矽卡岩型铜矿床,其成矿过程划分为3个期次5个阶段:(1)矽卡岩期:矽卡岩阶段和退化蚀变阶段;(2)石英硫化物期:石英-硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段;(3)表生期:主要是表生氧化阶段。里农矿段揭露矽卡岩期的矽卡岩矿物以石榴子石、透辉石为主,根据野外观察、镜下鉴定结合LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析,可将石榴子石分为两个世代:早期石榴子石(GrtⅠ),以钙铝榴石为主(And_24.81Gro_72.40～And_57.92Gro_30.02);晚期石榴子石(GrtⅡ),以钙铁榴石为主(And_61.64Gro_37.18～And_90.96Gro_7.81),发育振荡环带;二者均属于钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列。石榴子石稀土元素总量总体较低(ΣREE=3.74×10^-6～111×10^-6),轻、重稀土元素分异明显(LREE/HREE=0.72～31...     

滇西腾冲大硐厂Pb-Zn矿床成因：来自稀土元素地球化学的证据

腾冲大硐厂Pb-Zn矿床是西南“三江”成矿带腾冲地块东部具有代表性的矽卡岩型矿床之一,其成矿过程可划分为矽卡岩期(早、晚矽卡岩阶段)和石英-硫化物期(早、晚硫化物阶段)。方解石是该矿床中最主要的脉石矿物,其形成与铅锌矿密切相关。本文对主成矿期(石英-硫化物期)不同阶段方解石的REE特征与成矿早期(矽卡岩期)符山石、绿帘石以及大弯山单元花岗岩、大理岩和灰岩的REE特征进行对比研究。结果表明,主成矿期2个阶段方解石REE配分模式均为右倾型,∑REE分别为84.68×10^-6～125.58×10^-6和35.08×10^-6～38.24×10^-6,LREE/HREE值为1.59～2.04和4.36～5.38,(La/Yb)_N值为1.12～1.81和4.01～5.72,(La/Sm)_N值为2.62～3.16和5.09～6.38,(Gd/Yb)_N值为0.64～0.97和1.22～1.30。2个阶段方解石的Yb/La-Yb/Ca投点位于岩浆成因与热液...     

云南羊拉铜矿矽卡岩形成时代与矿床成因：来自石榴子石和磁铁矿组分的约束

羊拉铜矿是金沙江缝合带中部已发现的规模最大的印支期铜矿床,矿体以层状—似层状产出于花岗闪长岩外围、变质砂岩与碳酸盐岩地层的层间破碎带中。该矿床在成因类型上存在喷流-沉积成因、复合成因、矽卡岩成因等多种观点。本文以矽卡岩矿石中石榴子石、磁铁矿为研究对象,利用LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析技术开展了石榴子石U-Pb年代学和石榴子石、磁铁矿成分测试分析,以进一步限定该矿床成矿时代和成因类型。分析结果显示,石榴子石中U、Th、Pb的含量分别为1.18×10^-6～6.69×10^-6、0.04×10^-6～1.43×10^-6、0.11×10^-6～1.16×10^-6,获得Tera-Wasserburg下交点年龄为231.0±5.3 Ma(2σ,n=32,MSWD=2.1),与矿区花岗闪长岩形成时代高度一致。结合磁铁矿微量元素组成与全球矽卡岩型矿床可类比等特征,明确羊拉铜矿床属于典型矽卡岩型铜矿床。石榴子石以钙铁榴石组分为主,具轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的配分模式,这可能受晶体...     

湖南金船塘锡铋矿床石榴子石原位LA-ICP-MS稀土元素分析及其意义

金船塘锡铋矿床是东坡矿田内一以锡铋为主的大型矽卡岩型多金属矿床。本文在详细野外地质考察、镜下观察以及电子探针分析的基础上,利用高精度LA-ICP-MS对该矿床的矽卡岩内石榴子石原位的微量元素进行了系统的分析。结果表明,金船塘锡铋矿床的钙铝榴石(Gro)大体上具重稀土(HREE)富集、轻稀土(LREE)亏损,负Eu异常的特征;而钙铁榴石(And)不同样品之间存在一定差异性,有的样品显示HREE富集、LREE亏损的特征,有的则轻重稀土分异不明显,除了多数呈Eu负异常外,还有部分表现为弱的正Eu异常,这可能是受钙铝-钙铁榴石混合物中的静电作用所导致。并且,上述不同石榴子石REE分配的差异还进一步指示,钙铝榴石(Gro)矿物生长速率较低,与孔隙流体之间基本保持动态平衡,水/岩(W/R)比值较低,其REE的化学行为主要受到晶体化学等机制的影响;钙铁榴石(And)矿物生长速率较高,具有较高的水/岩(W/R)比值,吸附作用在REE配分模式中起到重要作用。总体上,矽卡岩内的石榴子石的REE的分配呈HREE富集、LREE亏损,负Eu异常的特征,与千里山花岗岩REE分配模式一致,指示了金船塘锡铋矿床的成矿作用可能与千里山花岗岩体具有密切的成因联系。     

新疆伊吾县宝山铁矿床矽卡岩成因研究

宝山铁矿床位于东准噶尔库兰卡孜干-北塔山-纸房-琼河坝岛弧带东段。宝山铁矿中矽卡岩与铁矿体密切共生,是重要的找矿标志。研究区矽卡岩中石榴子石、透辉石单矿物电子探针分析结果显示,石榴子石属于钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列,透辉石属于透辉石-钙铁辉石系列。矽卡岩中高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf)相对亏损,稀土元素表现出LREE富集,HREE亏损的特点。∑REE为39.90×10~(-6)~178.43×10~(-6),∑LREE/∑HREE比值1.64~7.53,(La/Yb)N比值为1.32~10.10,轻、重稀土元素分异程度较弱,与玄武质凝灰岩具有相似的地球化学特征,这说明矽卡岩是玄武质凝灰岩受后期岩浆热液改造形成,随着温度和压力降低,磁铁矿沉淀形成铁矿体。     

豫西杨山萤石矿床成因：萤石稀土元素组成和流体包裹体热力学制约

杨山萤石矿床是豫西栾川地区一处大型花岗岩容矿型矿床,其成矿期次和成矿流体特征研究的不足长期制约着对萤石淀积机理和区域成矿规律的深化认识。本文基于杨山矿床萤石的稀土元素及流体包裹体研究,阐释了成矿物质来源、成矿流体属性及矿床成因。第Ⅱ阶段萤石的ΣREE含量为22.61×10^-6～287.94×10^-6,LREE/HREE比值为0.64～5.24,具Eu负异常(δEu=0.50～0.92)和Ce负异常(δCe=0.88～1.06)。随成矿深度的增大,萤石ΣREE减小,LREE/HREE和La_N/Yb_N增大,δEu和δCe无明显变化,指示总体成矿先后顺序为地下深部至地表浅部,且垂向上氧逸度较稳定。从紫色萤石到绿色萤石,ΣREE增大,LREE/HREE和La_N/Yb_N减小,δEu和δCe增大,表明萤石具有重新活化和重结晶的趋势。萤石的流体包裹体以气液两相为主,均一温度集中于80～155℃,盐度(NaCl_eqv.)集中于0.3%～6.3%。综合...     

鄂东南铜绿山矿床石榴子石显微结构及微区成分对成矿过程的指示

鄂东南矿集区铜绿山矿床是典型的矽卡岩型铜铁多金属矿床,矿体产出在铜绿山岩体与三叠系碳酸盐地层的接触带。尽管本矿床的研究程度很高,但对早期成矿流体的成分与演化及矿质富集沉淀等过程的精细制约依然比较欠缺。石榴子石在铜绿山矿床中分布广泛,本文对不同产状的石榴子石利用SEM显微结构、EPMA主量元素和LA-ICPMS微量元素分析,去探讨石榴子石的生长动力学及其对成矿过程的指示。大理岩和镁质外矽卡岩中的石榴子石均以钙铝榴石为主,端元成分比较均一,∑REE含量低(3. 01×10~(-6)～14. 34×10~(-6)),具有弱的Eu异常、轻微富集LREE的模式。钙质外矽卡岩和内矽卡岩中的石榴子石以钙铁榴石为主,端元成分变化较大,单颗粒从核部到边部Fe含量具有增加的趋势,其∑REE含量较高(22. 71×10~(-6)～806. 8×10~(-6)),具有明显的正Eu异常、极度富集LREE亏损HREE的模式。大理岩中的钙铝榴石环带不发育,表明在晶体生长过程中,界面反应速率很慢且物质迁移以扩散为主;而镁质外矽卡岩中的钙铝榴石可见振荡环带,表明界面反应速率比以扩散为主要方式的物质迁移快,这与白云石相对于方解石具有较低的反应吉布斯自由能,因此较难被热液消耗有关;钙质外矽卡岩中的钙铁榴石振荡环带清晰,该类石榴子石只有在界面反应速率较快且物质迁移方式以对流为主的情况下才能形成;内矽卡岩中的钙铁榴石的环带杂乱,尽管其形成的动力学模式与钙质外矽卡岩中的类似,但由于其距离岩体更近,热量迁移困难,在结晶生长受阻的同时由于对流提供的充足物质使得原先的环带发生溶解再沉淀进而形成结构混乱的再吸收环带。上述生长动力学模式也能够很好的对应Nb、Ta含量的脱耦和轻重稀土分异的特征。铜绿山不同产状的石榴子石中,外矽卡岩带中钙铁榴石Eu含量最高,而Eu~(2+)与成矿金属元素一样可被Cl-络合的,其含量的高低可能指示了对应的成矿元素在成矿热液中的浓度。石榴子石环带自核部向边部Fe含量具有逐渐增加的趋势,反应干矽卡岩阶段从早到晚,热液中的金属成矿元素含量增加。     

云南中甸红牛-红山大型夕卡岩铜矿床石榴子石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学及地质意义

为厘定云南中甸红牛-红山大型夕卡岩铜矿床赋存矿体的夕卡岩的形成年龄，对矿区产出的石榴子石开展了U-Pb定年，并结合石榴子石的元素地球化学特征探讨矿床成因。结果显示，矿区不同矿段(红牛、红山)均发育早(GrtⅠ)、晚(GrtⅡ)两个世代的石榴子石，其成分均为钙铝-钙铁榴石固溶体(红牛为And_{27.02～62.53}Gro_{36.74～71.64},红山为And_{42.51～99.94}Gro_0.00～56.37)。不同矿段、不同世代石榴子石的稀土元素配分模式特征迥异，表现为左倾型、负Eu异常和右倾型、正Eu异常两种配分模式；两个矿段石榴子石的稀土总含量相差较大(红牛为5.29×10^-6～102×10^-6,红山为19.8×10^-6～206×10^-6)。研究表明，石榴子石的稀土配分模式主要受钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石端元组分控制；更高的稀土元素含量可能与富氯流体的加入及流体运移距离较短有关。红牛-红山矿床石榴子石U-Pb年龄为(79.7...     

新疆北部喇嘛苏铜矿床成矿时代与构造背景：来自石榴子石原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年的证据

石榴子石是矽卡岩型矿床中最常见的蚀变矿物,石榴子石U-Pb定年技术的发展应用为准确限定矽卡岩成矿作用时代提供了新手段。我国西天山地区发育大量矽卡岩型铜矿床,由于缺乏精确的成矿年代学数据,制约了矿床成因和成矿动力学背景认识的深入。为了精确厘定西天山地区矽卡岩型铜矿化时代,本文选取代表性的喇嘛苏大型铜矿床矽卡岩带中石榴子石为研究对象,利用电子探针和LA-ICP-MS原位U-Pb定年技术开展了矿物成分和年代学分析。根据喇嘛苏矿床石榴子石的岩相学特征,将其分为红棕色石榴子石、浅棕色石榴子石和黄绿色石榴子石三类。电子探针分析显示,三类石榴子石的端元组分均主要为钙铁榴石(56.96%～85.09%),其次为钙铝榴石(14.33%～43.85%),属于钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列。U-Pb定年获得3件石榴子石的加权平均年龄介于(389.1±2.0)～(387.0±2.3)Ma之间,表明成矿时间为中泥盆世。结合区域构造演化史,喇嘛苏矽卡岩型铜矿床形成于北天山洋壳的俯冲环境。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of