华南中生代大地构造研究新进展

华南地区中生代构造动力体制经历了从特提斯构造域向滨太平洋构造域的转换,由此产生了强烈的陆内造山作用和岩浆活动,形成了复杂构造组合的晚中生代陆内造山带和火成岩省。本项研究在下列几个方面取得了新的进展:(1)通过对雪峰山地区沅麻盆地的野外调查和构造测量,确定了该盆地晚中生代-早新生代5期构造应力场及其演替序列:中晚侏罗世近W—E向挤压、早白垩世NW—SE向伸展、早白垩世中晚期NW—SE向挤压、晚白垩世近N—S向伸展、古近纪晚期NE—SW向挤压。构造应力场方向的变化记录了不同板缘的动力作用对该区的影响。(2)识别了湖南地区晚古生代-早中生代海相地层中发育的横跨叠加褶皱构造,并基于地层接触关系和已有火成岩同位素年代学数据分析,认为该地区横跨叠加褶皱构造记录了中生代两期构造挤压和地壳增厚事件:早期近东西向褶皱构造是对三叠纪华南地块南北边缘大陆碰撞和增生作用的远程响应,晚期NE—NNE向褶皱构造则是对中晚侏罗世古太平洋板块向华南大陆之下低角度俯冲作用的变形响应。(3)对湖南衡山西缘拆离断裂带的变形结构和运动学特征进行了详细的调查和构造测量,确定了衡山变质核杂岩构造,并对拆离带中韧性剪切变形的钠长岩脉的锆石进行了SHRIMP U-Pb测年,从而确定了华南地区伸展构造的起始时代约137 Ma,即早白垩世早中期。(4)通过锆石U-Pb年代学测试分析,揭示了东南沿海长乐—南澳构造带早白垩世2期构造-岩浆事件:早期(147~135 Ma)表现为强烈的混合岩化作用和深熔作用形成的片麻状花岗岩、花岗片麻岩等;晚期(135~117 Ma)岩浆岩以含石榴子石花岗岩为主。这个结果表明东南沿海构造带是晚中生代陆缘造山带,造山作用可能起始于晚侏罗世,于早白垩世早中期(135 Ma)以来发生伸展垮塌。在上述研究结果的基础上,探讨了华南地区三叠纪"印支运动"和中、晚侏罗世"燕山运动"的表现及其产生的板块构造动力体制及其转换时代、早白垩世从挤压构造应力体制向伸展构造应力体制转变的时间节点。     

河南南召盆地上三叠统碎屑岩地球化学特征及物源示踪

三叠纪是秦岭造山带全面碰撞造山的关键时期,随着扬子、秦岭和华北板块分别沿勉略、商丹缝合带的汇聚拼合, 秦岭造山带逐渐形成并从板块构造体制向陆内造山体制转化,同时强烈的造山作用控制着周缘盆地的形成与演化。文章通 过研究区的碎屑岩元素地球化学分析,对河南南召盆地上三叠统的物源区及构造背景特征进行探讨。结果表明,上三叠统 源岩成分主要为上地壳长英质火山岩;源岩经历了中等的化学风化强度,校正后CIA值指示其形成于温暖潮湿的气候和相 对较强的构造活动环境;太山庙组源区构造背景主要为大陆岛弧与活动大陆边缘,太子山组源区构造背景主要为大陆岛弧 与被动大陆边缘。根据南召盆地近源沉积特征和秦岭造山带构造演化过程推断,秦岭造山带和华北南缘是南召盆地晚三叠 世的重要物源区,前期太山庙组物源主要由北秦岭隆升基底提供,后期太子山组物源可能来自南秦岭、北秦岭和华北南缘 沉积再循环。南召盆地上三叠统物源区的转变是晚三叠世秦岭造山带逆冲推覆作用逐渐增强的体现,对研究恢复秦岭构造 带造山隆升过程和周缘盆地盆山系统演化具有重要的意义。     

Mesozoic subduction of the paleo-pacific plate along the eastern margin of the Xing-Meng orogenic belt北大核心CSCD

The eastern pari of the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt( XMOB )consists of the Lesser Xing'an-Zhangguangcai Range Orogenic belt, the Bureya-Jiamusi-khanka Block and the Sikhote-Alin accretionary belt. This area is located between the Paleo-Asian oceanic and Paleo-Pacific tectonic regimes. Recent researches imply that the Paleo-Pacific subduction might have begun since early Permian and influenced the both sides of the Mudanjiang Fault during Triassic, which generated a N-S trending magmatic belt and accretionary complexes, such as the Heilongjiang Complex. In Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, some tectono st rati graph ic terranes were produced in Sikhote-Alin, which were then dismembered and migrated northwards in late Early Cretaceous by sinistral strike-slip faults. The continental margin parallel transportion weakened subduction-related magmatism in NE China which was under an extensional setting. However, in Lite Cretaceous, the Paleo-Pacific subduction was re-Activated in the eastern XMOB, which contributed to the magmatism in Sikhote-Alin.     

江南东段地区NE-SW向断裂带断层滑移矢量反演及其大地构造意义

华南中-新生代构造演化受太平洋构造域和特提斯洋构造域的联合控制.以江南东段NE-SW向景德镇-歙县剪切带和球川-萧山断裂中发育的脆性断层为研究对象,利用野外交切关系和断层滑移矢量反演方法厘定了7期构造变形序列并反演了各期古构造应力场,讨论了断层活动的时代及其动力学.白垩纪至新生代研究区7期古构造应力场分别为:(1)早白垩世早期(136～125Ma)NW-SE向伸展;(2)早白垩世晚期(125～107Ma)N-S向挤压和E-W向伸展;(3)早白垩世末期至晚白垩世早期(105～86Ma)NW-SE向伸展;(4)白垩世中期(86～80Ma)NW-SE向挤压和NE-SW向伸展;(5)晚白垩世晚期至始新世末期(80～36Ma)N-S向伸展;(6)始新世末期至渐新世早期(36～30Ma)NE-SW向挤压和NW-SE向伸展;(7)渐新世早期至中新世中期(30～17Ma)NE-SW向伸展.结合区域地质研究表明,第1期至第4期古构造应力场与古太平洋构造域的板片后撤、俯冲以及微块体(菲律宾地块)间的碰撞作用有关;第5期伸展作用受控于新特提斯构造域俯冲板片后撤,而第6期和第7期古构造应力场主要与印-亚碰撞的远程效应有关.白垩纪至新生代,华南东部受伸展构造体制和走滑构造体制的交替控制.先存断裂的发育可能是导致华南晚中生代走滑构造体制的主要控制因素.     

Latest Triassic to Early Jurassic Thrusting and Exhumation in the Southern Ordos Basin,North China: Evidence from LA‐ICP‐MS‐based Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology

The contractional structures in the southern Ordos Basin recorded critical evidence for the interaction between Ordos Basin and Qinling Orogenic Collage. In this study, we performed apatite fission track(AFT) thermochronology to unravel the timing of thrusting and exhumation for the Laolongshan-Shengrenqiao Fault(LSF) in the southern Ordos Basin. The AFT ages from opposite sides of the LSF reveal a significant latest Triassic to Early Jurassic time-temperature discontinuity across this structure. Thermal modeling reveals at the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic, a ~50°C difference in temperature between opposite sides of the LSF currently exposed at the surface. This discontinuity is best interpreted by an episode of thrusting and exhumation of the LSF with ~1.7 km of net vertical displacement during the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic. These results, when combined with earlier thermochronological studies, stratigraphic contact relationship and tectono-sedimentary evolution, suggest that the southern Ordos Basin experienced coeval intense tectonic contraction and developed a north-vergent fold-and-thrust belt. Moreover, the southern Ordos Basin experienced a multi-stage differential exhumation during Mesozoic, including the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic and Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous thrust-driven exhumation as well as the Late Cretaceous overall exhumation. Specifically, the two thrust-driven exhumation events were related to tectonic stress propagation derived from the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic continued compression from Qinling Orogenic Collage and the Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous intracontinental orogeny of Qinling Orogenic Collage, respectively. By contrast, the Late Cretaceous overall exhumation event was related to the collision of an exotic terrain with the eastern margin of continental China at ~100 Ma.     

华北东部地区中生代盆地格局及演化过程探讨

华北东部中生代盆地演化受控于欧亚构造域的板块挤压拼接和滨太平洋构造域"洋-陆"俯冲碰撞两大动力学背景,与兴蒙造山带、秦岭-大别造山带、太行山隆起及郯庐断裂带等陆内及周边造山带的形成、深大断裂发育演化以及深部动力等因素有着密切的联系。早-中三叠世华北地区基本继承了晚海西期以来的构造格局和沉积特点,地势北西高、东南低,为一南陡北缓、呈NWW向展布的大型内陆沉积盆地;晚三叠世扬子板块与华北板块剪刀式碰撞拼接,华北地区全面抬升,且西部抬升小,东部抬升幅度大,盆地范围向西部退缩,沉积范围缩小,东部地区地势较高,地貌复杂,以隆升剥蚀为主;早-中侏罗世华北东部处于由古亚洲构造域向滨太平洋构造域演化的过渡阶段,该时期太行山的形成将华北地区分割成东、西两个大盆,西部鄂尔多斯盆地依然为一个大型沉积盆地,东部渤海湾盆地区在早-中侏罗世的早期为一些小的山间沉积盆地群,主要表现为对印支期造成的大量NWW或近EW向逆冲断层及阔缓褶皱所产生的低洼地区的充填,晚期则表现为披覆式沉积;晚侏罗世-早白垩世太平洋板块活动取代了扬子板块、西伯利亚板块活动对华北地区构造演化的控制地位,中国东部进入大规模的裂陷或断陷盆地发育阶段,且出现了明显的分区性:在盐山-歧口-新港-兰考-聊城断裂系以东,由于受郯庐断裂带左旋走滑构造应力场的控制,主要发育NW或NWW向断陷盆地,而在该断裂系以西至太行山以东的地区,受左旋走滑影响较弱,主要发育NE和NNE向断陷盆地,在张家口-蓬莱走滑断裂带以北的下辽河坳陷区,盆地的长轴方向为NNE,属郯庐断裂带内部的走滑拉张盆地;晚白垩世郯庐断裂带以西的华北广大地区整体处于隆升剥蚀状态,仅在河南信阳盆地及冀中、临清、黄骅坳陷的少数低洼地区接受沉积,多以红色河湖相粗碎屑为主。研究华北东部中生代盆地演化对于该地区前第三系油气勘探具有指导意义。     

中、上扬子北部盆-山系统演化与动力学机制

中国南方中生代经历了中国大陆最终主体拼合的陆缘及其之后的陆内构造演化。晚古生代末期,在秦岭—大别山微板块与扬子板块之间存在向西张口的洋盆,即勉略古洋盆。中三叠世末期开始,扬子板块相对于华北板块发生自南东向北西的斜向俯冲碰撞作用,扬子北缘晚三叠世至中侏罗世发育陆缘前陆褶皱逆冲带与前陆盆地系统。晚侏罗世至早白垩世,中国东部的大地构造背景发生了重要的构造转变,中、上扬子地区处于三面围限会聚的大地构造背景。在这种大地构造格局下,中、上扬子地区晚侏罗世至早白垩世发育陆内联合、复合构造与具前渊沉降的克拉通内盆地系统。自中侏罗世末期开始,扬子北缘前陆带与雪峰山—幕阜山褶皱逆冲带经历了自东向西的会聚变形过程及盆地的自东向西的迁移过程和收缩过程。扬子北缘相对华北板块的斜向俯冲导致在中扬子北缘的深俯冲及超高压变质岩的形成。俯冲之后以郯庐断裂—襄广断裂围限的大别山超高压变质地块在晚侏罗世向南强逆冲,致使扬子北缘晚三叠世至中侏罗世前陆盆地被掩覆和改造。     

秦岭-大别新元古代-中生代沉积盆地演化

秦岭-大别造山带处于中央造山带的东部,经历了复杂的构造-沉积历史.在系统分析研究区4个二级和13个三级构造单元岩石地层、化石组合、同位素年代学及构造学等资料的基础上,划分出18个沉积盆地类型,并讨论新元古代-中生代构造-沉积演化:(1)新元古代-早古生代:商丹洋以北的北秦岭为岩浆弧和弧前盆地;南秦岭为陆内裂谷-台盆、台地-陆缘裂谷发育阶段;大别-苏鲁为陆内裂谷-台盆台地发育阶段;(2)晚古生代:北秦岭为海陆交互陆表海;勉略洋于泥盆纪开启;南秦岭为弧后陆棚与台盆台地并存发育阶段;(3)三叠纪:陆陆碰撞造山,全区进入前陆盆地发育阶段;(4)侏罗纪-白垩纪:断陷盆地和压陷盆地发育阶段.      

燕山东段下辽河地区中新生代盆山构造演化

笔者通过分析燕山东段-下辽河地区的前中生代构造背景和中新生代盆山构造演化认为,该区中新生代的构造演化过程是在前中生代华北克拉通岩石图基础上发育起来的克拉通内(陆内或板内)盆山构造与挤压构造的交替演化过程,经历了早-中三叠世、晚三叠世-早侏罗世、中-晚侏罗世、白垩纪、新生代5个盆山构造演化阶段和中三叠世末、早侏罗世末、晚侏罗世末和白垩纪末、老第三纪末5期挤压作用。每次挤压作用都使得早期盆地萎缩或消亡,造成早期盆地反转。中-晚侏罗世、白垩纪和新生代三个阶段的伸展作用形成中-晚侏罗世断陷盆地、白垩纪断陷盆地和新生代裂谷盆地。在这一构造演化过程中,挤压作用和伸展作用交替出现,挤压构造和伸展构造间互发育。      

Analysis of structural deformation in the North Dabashan thrust belt,South Qinling,central China

The North Dabashan thrust belt, which is located in South Qinling, is bounded by the Ankang fault on the north and the Chengkou–Fangxian fault on the south. The North Dabashan thrust belt experienced multiple stages of structural deformation that were controlled by three palaeostress fields. The first structural event (Middle Triassic) involved NNW–SSE shortening and resulted in the formation of numerous dextral strike-slip structures along the entire Chengkou–Fangxian fault zone and within the North Dabashan thrust belt, which suggests that the South China Block moved to the NW and was obliquely subducted under the North China Block. The second structural event (Late Triassic–Early Jurassic) involved NE–SW shortening that formed NW–SE-trending structures in the North Dabashan thrust belt. The third structural event (Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous) involved ENE–WSW or nearly E–W shortening and resulted in additional thrusting of the North Dabashan thrust belt to the WSW and formation of the WSW-convex Chengkou–Fangxian fault zone, which has an oroclinal shape. Owing to the pinning of the Hannan massif and Shennongjia massif culminations, numerous sinistral strike-slip structures developed along the eastern Chengkou–Fangxian fault zone and were superimposed over the early dextral strike-slip structures.     

U–Pb ages and Lu–Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from the southern Qinling Orogen: Implications for Precambrian to Phanerozoic tectonics in central China

The Qinling Orogen, central China, was constructed during the Mesozoic collision between the North China and Yangtze continental plates. The orogen includes four tectonic units, from north to south, the Huaxiong Block (reactivated southern margin of the North China Craton), North Qinling Accretion Belt, South Qinling Fold Belt (or block) and Songpan Fold Belt, evolved from the northernmost Paleo-Tethys Ocean separating the Gondwana and Laurentia supercontinents. Here we employ detrital zircons from the Early Cretaceous alluvial sediments within the Qinling Orogen to trace the tectonic evolution of the orogen. The U–Pb ages of the detrital zircon grains from the Early Cretaceous Donghe Group sediments in the South Qinling Fold Belt cluster around 2600–2300 Ma, 2050–1800 Ma, 1200–700 Ma, 650–400 Ma and 350–200 Ma, corresponding to the global Kenorland, Columbia, Rodinia, Gondwana and Pangaea supercontinent events, respectively. The distributions of ages and εHf(t) values of zircon grains show that the Donghe Group sediments have a complex source comprising components mainly recycled from the North Qinling Accretion Belt and the North China Craton, suggesting that the South Qinling Fold Belt was a part of the united Qinling–North China continental plate, rather than an isolated microcontinent, during the Devonian–Triassic. The youngest age peak of 350–200 Ma reflects the magmatic event related to subduction and termination of the Mian-Lue oceanic plate, followed by the collision between the Yangtze Craton and the united Qinling–North China continent that came into existence at the Triassic–Jurassic transition. The interval of 208–145 Ma between the sedimentation of the Early Cretaceous Donghe Group and the youngest age of detrital zircons was coeval with the post-subduction collision between the Yangtze and the North China continental plates in Jurassic.     

Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin Features and Evolution of Southeast China

The Late Triassic to Paleogene(T_3-E) basin occupies an area of 143100 km~2,being the sixth area of the whole of SE China;the total area of synchronous granitoid is about 127300 km~2;it provides a key for understanding the tectonic evolution of South China.From a new 1:1500000 geological map of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins of SE China,combined with analysis of geometrical and petrological features,some new insights of basin tectonics are obtained.Advances include petrotectonic assemblages, basin classification of geodynamics,geometric features,relations of basin and range.According to basin-forming geodynamicai mechanisms,the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin of SE China can be divided into three types,namely:1) para-foreland basin formed from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic(T_3-J_1) under compressional conditions;2) rift basins formed during the Middle Jurassic(J_2) under a strongly extensional setting;and 3) a faulted depression formed during Early Cretaceous to Paleogene (K_1-E) under back-arc extension action.From the rock assemblages of the basin,the faulted depression can be subdivided into a volcanic-sedimentary type formed mainly during the Early Cretaceous(K_1) and a red -bed type formed from Late Cretaceous to Paleogene(K_2-E).Statistical data suggest that the area of all para-foreland basins(T_3-J_1) is 15120 km~2,one of rift basins(J_2) occupies 4640 km~2,and all faulted depressions equal to 124330 km~2 including the K_2-E red-bed basins of 37850 km~2.The Early Mesozoic (T_3-J_1) basin and granite were mostly co-generated under a post-collision compression background, while the basins from Middle Jurassic to Paleogene(J_2-E) were mainly constrained by regional extensional tectonics.Three geological and geographical zones were surveyed,namely:1)the Wuyishan separating zone of paleogeography and climate from Middle Jurassic to Tertiary;2)the Middle Jurassic rift zone;and 3)the Ganjiang separating zone of Late Mesozoic volcanism.Three types of basin-granite relationships have been identified,including compressional(a few),strike-slip(a few), and extensional(common).A three-stage geodynamical evolution of the SE-China basin is mooted:an Early Mesozoic basin-granite framework;a transitional Middle Jurassic tectonic regime; intracontinental extension and red-bed faulted depressions since the Late Cretaceous.     

羌塘盆地中央隆起带的抬升演化:构造-热年代学约束

本文综合磷灰石裂变径迹年龄(113~43 Ma)、锆石裂变径迹年龄(169~103 Ma)、锆石U-Pb年龄(215~206 Ma)、黑云母K-Ar年龄(186~178 Ma),通过磷灰石热史模拟,TASC图谱分析和矿物封闭温度年龄等手段,获得了中央隆起晚三叠世至今较为完整的冷却抬升历史。中央隆起主要经历了早侏罗世、晚侏罗世-早白垩世、晚白垩世-中新世早期和中新世晚期至今四期冷却事件,与南北羌塘板块后碰撞伸展、拉萨羌塘板块碰撞、新特提斯洋板片俯冲、印度欧亚板块碰撞以及中新世南北向走滑伸展存在动力学联系,造成11.4 km、2.85 km、4.3~5 km和0.85 km的抬升量。中央隆起在侏罗纪相对两侧盆地抬升,随着两侧盆地经历了侏罗纪的沉积增厚,与两侧盆地高差减小,在早白垩世早期可能位于海平面附近,随后快速抬升至2~2.5 km,统一接受晚白垩世红层沉积,并经历长期持续的逆冲推覆构造活动,进一步抬升至5 km,随后受到中新世古大湖夷平和南北向伸展作用影响,中央隆起相对盆地发生差异抬升。     

襄樊——广济断裂西段三里岗——三阳构造混杂岩带构造变形与演化

襄樊——广济断裂西段的三里岗——三阳地区出露有构造混杂岩,以含蛇绿岩残块为特征,经历了复杂的构造变形和演化过程。不同区段的构造解析与对比表明,中生代以来该构造混杂岩带主要遭受了4期变形构造的叠加改造:1)高温塑性变形(D₁),表现为蛇绿岩残块内部具网状强应变带和透镜状弱应变域相互交织的构造变形样式,强应变带形成以镁铁质糜棱岩为特征的高温韧性剪切带,显示深层次构造变形特征;2)逆冲推覆变形(D₂),构造混杂岩带发育叠瓦状逆冲推覆构造和双冲构造,南界韧性剪切带是构造混杂岩带整体运移的主推覆面,发育长英质糜棱岩,形成于中等构造层次,岩石中发育镁铁质糜棱岩糜棱面理的褶皱构造,显示陆内逆冲推覆对先期高温塑性变形构造的叠加改造;3)韧脆性右行平移剪切(D₃),形成构造混杂岩带内部浅层次构造变形,构造混杂岩带南侧的花山群钙质片岩揉皱变形,形成枢纽近直立的不对称褶皱,指示右行平移剪切变形;4)伸展正断层(D₄),主要发育于构造混杂岩带北侧,呈NW——SE向展布,控制晚白垩世断陷盆地的形成与沉积充填。     

Sedimentary provenance of the Hengyang and Mayang basins,SE China,and implications for the Mesozoic topographic change in South China Craton: Evidence from detrital zircon geochronology

Detrital zircon U–Pb data from sedimentary rocks in the Hengyang and Mayang basins, SE China reveal a change in basin provenance during or after Early Cretaceous. The results imply a provenance of the sediment from the North China Craton and Dabie Orogen for the Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic sandstones and from the Indosinian granitic plutons in the South China Craton for the Lower Cretaceous sandstones. The 90–120 Ma age group in the Upper Cretaceous sandstones in the Hengyang Basin is correlated with Cretaceous volcanism along the southeastern margin of South China, suggesting a coastal mountain belt have existed during the Late Cretaceous. The sediment provenance of the basins and topographic evolution revealed by the geochronological data in this study are consistent with a Mesozoic tectonic setting from Early Mesozoic intra-continental compression through late Mesozoic Pacific Plate subduction in SE China.     

中国南方显生宙大地构造演化简史

中国南方的构造格架以众多造山带围绕扬子克拉通分布为特征。这些造山带分别形成于古生代(华南造山带)和中—新生代(秦岭-大别山造山带、松潘-甘孜造山带、三江造山带、右江造山带和沿海造山带)。在造山带中散布着保山地块和南海地块等微陆块。本文以扬子克拉通为中心,概述了中国南方显生宙构造古地理演化的主体面貌,并归纳了其对海相烃源岩堆积的制约关系,指出制约和影响中国南方古地理演化的几个主要的构造事件为:新元古代晚期至古生代早期的大陆裂谷和被动大陆边缘形成事件,古生代中期华南造山带形成演化事件,古生代晚期张裂事件,中生代古特提斯洋闭合造山事件,侏罗纪以来的太平洋板块俯冲事件,新生代印度板块与欧亚大陆的碰撞事件等。本文还指出,上述这些事件延续的时间有限,变形强度在空间上也有差异,对于油气成藏和晚期调整的影响也会因时因地而异。具体事物具体分析才能对研究中国南方油气分布规律有所帮助。     

Sedimentary response to the paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the southern North China Craton during the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic

With the aim of constraining the influence of the surrounding plates on the Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the southern North China Craton (NCC), we undertook new U–Pb and Hf isotope data for detrital zircons obtained from ten samples of upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic sediments in the Luoyang Basin and Dengfeng area. Samples of upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic strata were obtained from the Taiyuan, Xiashihezi, Shangshihezi, Shiqianfeng, Ermaying, Shangyoufangzhuang, Upper Jurassic unnamed, and Lower Cretaceous unnamed formations (from oldest to youngest). On the basis of the youngest zircon ages, combined with the age-diagnostic fossils, and volcanic interlayer, we propose that the Taiyuan Formation (youngest zircon age of 439 Ma) formed during the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian, the Xiashihezi Formation (276 Ma) during the Early Permian, the Shangshihezi (376 Ma) and Shiqianfeng (279 Ma) formations during the Middle–Late Permian, the Ermaying Group (232 Ma) and Shangyoufangzhuang Formation (230 and 210 Ma) during the Late Triassic, the Jurassic unnamed formation (154 Ma) during the Late Jurassic, and the Cretaceous unnamed formation (158 Ma) during the Early Cretaceous. These results, together with previously published data, indicate that: (1) Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian sandstones were sourced from the Northern Qinling Orogen (NQO); (2) Lower Permian sandstones were formed mainly from material derived from the Yinshan–Yanshan Orogenic Belt (YYOB) on the northern margin of the NCC with only minor material from the NQO; (3) Middle–Upper Permian sandstones were derived primarily from the NQO, with only a small contribution from the YYOB; (4) Upper Triassic sandstones were sourced mainly from the YYOB and contain only minor amounts of material from the NQO; (5) Upper Jurassic sandstones were derived from material sourced from the NQO; and (6) Lower Cretaceous conglomerate was formed mainly from recycled earlier detritus.The provenance shift in the Upper Carboniferous–Mesozoic sediments within the study area indicates that the YYOB was strongly uplifted twice, first in relation to subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate beneath the northern margin of the NCC during the Early Permian, and subsequently in relation to collision between the southern Mongolian Plate and the northern margin of the NCC during the Late Triassic. The three episodes of tectonic uplift of the NQO were probably related to collision between the North and South Qinling terranes, northward subduction of the Mianlue Ocean Plate, and collision between the Yangtze Craton and the southern margin of the NCC during the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian, Middle–Late Permian, and Late Jurassic, respectively. The southern margin of the central NCC was rapidly uplifted and eroded during the Early Cretaceous.     

苏皖地块构造演化、苏鲁造山带形成及其耦合的盆地发育

郯庐断裂带一度是古特提斯洋域中的转换断层,其东的苏皖地块和胶辽克拉通分别是曾经独立于扬子克拉通和华北克拉通之外的构造单元。苏皖地块原属中朝构造域,因中元古代时苏鲁洋的张开而向南漂移,震旦纪起归入华南构造域。受北东东-近东西向的江南断裂和江绍断裂右行走滑活动控制,苏皖地块及怀玉地块在石炭纪末-三叠纪时脱离华南构造域,成为古特提斯洋域中的中间地块。中国东部地区东亚燕山期山系的形成受两个地球动力学系统制约:一是苏鲁洋的消减及闭合后苏皖地块与胶辽克拉通的碰撞,二是江南断裂和江绍断裂的先剪后压,苏皖地块与拼合了的扬子-华北克拉通间发生斜向会聚和剪切造山,怀玉地块仰冲超叠在苏皖地块上。分5个阶段(印支期消减,早-中侏罗世斜向会聚,晚侏罗-早白垩世消减,早白垩世碰撞和燕山造山带坍塌)叙述了中生代造山作用的表现和特点,探讨了与各阶段造山作用耦合的盆地类型和时空分布。因燕山造山带的坍塌而燕山运动构建的“盆”“山”关系解脱,中国东部第三纪的伸展盆地直接叠加在燕山造山带的坍塌裂谷上。     

兴蒙造山带的基底属性与构造演化过程

为了解兴蒙造山带基底属性和多个构造体系演化与叠加历史,系统总结了近年来在基础地质研究中取得的新成果,并利用这些成果讨论了兴蒙造山带的基底属性与演化历史.兴蒙造山带是指我国东北地区古生代构造作用影响的地区,这些地区也遭受了中生代构造作用的叠加与改造.兴蒙造山带主要由微陆块和其间的造山带组成.虽然传统上认为属于前寒武纪结晶基底的地质体主要已解体为古生代和早中生代,但随着新太古代和古元古代地质体的相继发现,以及新生代玄武岩中幔源古元古代橄榄岩包体的发现,可以判定兴蒙造山带内微陆块应具有古老的前寒武纪基底,并且壳幔是耦合的.微陆块内部地壳增生以垂向增生为主,且主要发生在新元古代和中元古代,以及次要的新太古代和古生代.相反,陆块间造山带或岛弧地体的陆壳则以侧向增生为主,且主要发生在新元古代和古生代.额尔古纳地块与兴安地块的拼合发生在早古生代早期;兴安地块与松嫩地块的拼合发生在早石炭世晚期;松嫩地块与佳木斯地块的拼合发生在早古生代晚期,中生代早期又经历了裂解与再闭合的构造演化过程;华北克拉通北缘增生杂岩带与北方微陆块群的最终拼合发生在晚二叠世-中三叠世,古亚洲洋的最终闭合发生在中三叠世,且为剪刀式闭合.晚古生代晚期蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋板块南向俯冲作用的发生以及早中生代(三叠纪-早侏罗世)的持续南向俯冲,控制了大兴安岭-冀北-辽西地区的岩浆活动,蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋的闭合发生在中侏罗世,晚侏罗世-早白垩世主要表现为闭合后的伸展环境.古太平洋板块中生代的俯冲起始时间为早侏罗世,晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期东北亚陆缘主要表现为走滑的构造属性和陆缘地体从低纬度到高纬度的构造就位过程,早白垩世晚期-古近纪岩浆作用的向东收缩揭示了古太平洋板块的持续俯冲和俯冲板片的后撤过程,古近纪晚期日本海的打开标志着东北亚陆缘从活动陆缘已经转变为沟-弧-盆体系,并且标志着东亚大地幔楔的形成.     

中亚造山带东段西拉木伦构造带的性质与演化：来自变形和低温热年代学的约束

中亚造山带东段何时与何地关闭,从俯冲到关闭的过程以及随后的陆内演化又经历了什么主要事件,目前还存在不同认识。中亚造山带东段林西地区的蛇绿混杂岩及其周围地区的区域地质调查表明,以杏树洼蛇绿混杂岩和双井片岩为代表的西拉木伦河构造带是一个晚古生代的增生楔,在该混杂岩带中发育了典型的岩块被包裹在基质中的构造。该楔体被中、晚二叠世克德河砾岩所覆盖。增生楔中最早的近东西向构造代表了向南俯冲阶段的变形,随后继续经历向北的逆冲推覆,卷入了中、晚二叠世地层,形成了碰撞期的变形;在晚二叠世末期—三叠纪早期,蛇绿混杂岩以及上覆的克德河砾岩又经历了区域性的强烈的右行韧性剪切,并发生应变分解。晚二叠世区域性的右行韧性剪切在中亚造山带南缘普遍发育,代表了中亚造山带已经全部进入陆内环境。双井片岩也经历了与蛇绿混杂岩类似的变形事件,在增生楔下部经历变质作用,并在碰撞期抬升至地表,晚期为区域性的右行剪切。同时,结合锆石与磷灰石低温热年代学测试表明,双井片岩和蛇绿混杂岩共同经历了中、晚侏罗世源自北侧蒙古-阿霍茨克大洋关闭导致的近南北向挤压、早白垩世期间遍及东亚的区域性伸展以及晚白垩世短暂的构造反转事件。