试论桐柏造山带与西大别造山带的对比

根据已有资料探讨了桐柏造山带与西大别造山带的对比。桐柏造山带由6个构造单元组成,西大别造山带可划分为10个构造单元。两个造山带北部的5个构造单元可以完全对比,并可恢复为华北板块南缘的古生代活动性大陆边缘,表明桐柏与西大别曾共同经历扬子板块古生代的俯冲。再向南,熊店—浒湾韧性剪切带中的熊店榴辉岩意味着古生代高压变质作用的存在,但不能划定明确的分布范围和构造单元。而其他中生代高压—超高压岩石以带状和穹窿状分布,在桐柏和西大别地区占据中生代造山带的主体部分,构成可以对比的线状和穹窿状构造单元。桐柏与西大别造山带的结构都是由北部古生代弧陆碰撞造山带和南部中生代高压—超高压折返形成的造山带拼合而成,因此两者都具有古生代和中生代多期造山带的特点。从构造单元和演化阶段方面分析,两个造山带是可以对比的。     

桐柏地区变质杂岩和侵入岩类Pb同位素组成特征及其地质意义

桐柏地区存在两个铅同位素组成明显不同的基底块体,在桐柏－商城断裂北侧,基底岩石以高放射性成因铅同位素组成为特征,而桐柏－商城断裂南侧,基底岩石以低放射性成因铅同位素组成为特征,它们分别可与南阳盆地以西的北秦岭和南秦岭构造带中基底岩石的铅同位素组成相对比,从而证明桐柏地区是秦岭造山带的构造东延部分．同时,通过桐柏地区侵入岩铅同位素组成特征的分析表明,早古生代侵入岩浆主要来源于北秦岭高放射性成因铅同位素组成的块体,而中生代侵入岩浆则来源于南秦岭低放射性成因铅同位素组成的块体,指示在南阳盆地以东,相当于北秦岭构造块体的地壳深部存在南秦岭的陆壳物质,反映南秦岭的陆壳物质早期向北俯冲叠置于北秦岭块体之下,并作为北秦岭中生代花岗质岩浆的源区     

桐柏杂岩的中生代隆升机制及其与南阳盆地沉降的耦合关系

桐柏山位于我国的中央造山带东部,走向北西—南东,南北跨越鄂豫两省,向西北倾没于南阳盆地之下,向南东过渡到大别山。山体由一套变质杂岩组成,南北两侧为含榴辉岩的高压变质地体,其构造就位过程一直为广大地质学家所关注。我们通过野外地质考察发现,该山体在地貌上呈北陡南缓的格局,表明它在演化的晚期经历过一次向南的掀斜运动。殷店和桐柏韧性剪切带构成山体的南北边界。前者倾向南,呈右行剪切,后者倾向北,呈左行剪切。殷店断裂中的糜棱岩产状很稳定,一直延伸到桐柏山主峰——太白顶(1 140 m)。其下部为桐柏杂岩体,后者的产状虽然复杂,但其中的拉伸线理的产状却稳定,走向北西—南东,向北西倾伏。按此产状追索,它们也应倾没于南阳盆地之下。通过构造恢复,可以推断在掀斜运动发生之前,殷店和桐柏韧性断裂应连为一体,构成一个向北西倾伏的低角度正断层,本文称之为太白顶拆离断层。基于对桐柏杂岩的运动学和显微构造学研究,可以推断桐柏杂岩原来位于东秦岭之下,是中下地壳的组成部分,由于中生代华北和扬子两板块的碰撞和持续的陆内汇聚作用而造成南东侧向挤出,它们作为异地地体从原地地体—超高压变质岩之下隆升到地表,太白顶拆离构造的功能与藏南拆离系一样,构成桐柏杂岩隆升顶部的滑脱面。~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学研究结果表明,桐柏山侧向挤出隆升造山事件发生在晚白垩纪早期(102～85 Ma)。南阳盆地形成于桐柏山的西侧,是一个东断西超的半地堑盆地,其沉积作用始于早白垩世,大规模沉陷发生在晚白垩世,这与桐柏山的隆升是同时的,反映出沉积和构造隆升是耦合的。     

桐柏地区高压变质地体在地壳中的抬升机制

桐柏杂岩位于秦岭与大别造山带之间,南北两侧为NWW-SEE向延伸的含榴辉岩高压变质地体,其构造就位过程及其与高压变质地体的构造关系为地质学家们所关注.本文研究表明,所谓的桐柏杂岩实际上是一个早白垩世花岗质片麻岩杂岩体,其内包裹一定数量的三叠纪中高级变质岩石.桐柏杂岩南北两条边界韧性剪切带具有相反的运动学指向,分别为大型右行和左行韧性剪切带,其形成时代为131Ma.这两条韧性剪切带中的剪切面理分别朝SSW和NNE向倾斜,韧性剪切带及杂岩体内部发育的拉伸线理均稳定地朝SEE方向缓倾伏.而在杂岩体的东端发育低角度近南北向韧性剪切变形带,其糜棱面理朝SEE方向低角度缓倾斜,矿物拉伸线理也朝SEE方向低角度缓倾伏,运动学标志指示东侧地质体朝295°～310°的方向逆冲.因此,桐柏杂岩实际上被一个顺造山带的韧性剪切带所围限,这个韧性剪切带及杂岩体内部韧性变形运动学指示了一个早白垩世由东向西的低角度抬升过程,而这一过程直接导致了含榴辉岩高压变质地体沿着造山带的方向从地壳深部抬升到近地表.这一研究结果对理解和认识桐柏-大别-苏鲁地区高压一超高压变质地体的晚期抬升过程具有重要意义.     

扬子北缘复合构造带的结构、演化和动力学

扬子北缘复合构造带位于秦岭—大别造山带南缘与扬子板块北缘之间,由桐柏—大别造山带、武汉—怀宁断褶带、九岭—江南隆起带、瑞昌—铜陵断褶带和大冶—宿松对接带等构造单元组成,是中生代不同时期构造体制叠加,不同方向构造复合、联合的结果。该复合构造带北侧的桐柏—大别山南缘构造带和武汉—怀宁前陆断褶带由北向南逆冲,主要形成于晚印支期,是特提斯构造体制作用的产物; 而南侧的九岭—江南隆起带和瑞昌—铜陵断褶带,则由南向北逆冲,主要形成于早燕山期,是太平洋构造体制作用的产物,同时北侧的大别山南缘构造带和前陆断褶带受到影响,再次活动; 位于该复合构造带中部的大冶—宿松对接带是上述不同构造体制下,不同方向应力叠加,多期构造形迹复合最终形成的复杂构造带。所以,扬子北缘复合构造带是特提斯构造体制与太平洋构造体制转换的产物,是中下扬子两大构造体系转换的经典记录。     

桐柏地区新城-应山韧性剪切带研究

研究了桐柏地区新城—应山韧性剪切带的变形特征、动力学成因机制,并根据横切韧性剪切带的３条剖面的变形特征,认为中生代华北、扬子两大板块陆陆碰撞的动力来自扬子板块。     

下地壳含水性的演化 ——来自不同时代麻粒岩中长石水含量的证据

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和电子探针(EMP)分析了早古生代的松树沟麻粒岩和桐柏麻粒岩地体以及古元古代的莒南麻粒岩包体(其寄主岩石为新生代玄武岩)中长石的水含量和化学成分。结果显示,麻粒岩中的长石均含有以OH和H2O形式存在的结构水;3个地点的长石水含量分别为465×10-6~733×10-6、210×10-6~993×10-6和717×10-6~1 239×10-6。对比前人报道的中生代(道县和汉诺坝包体)和古元古代(女山包体、汉诺坝地体)的麻粒岩研究结果,发现早古生代样品和古元古代样品中长石的水含量都比中生代样品明显的高,而早古生代和古元古代样品之间却没有差别,指示了中国东部下地壳在中生代之前更加富水。     

Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous low-Mg adakitic rocks along the southernmost margin of the North China Craton: implications for late Mesozoic crustal evolution

This article reports systematic zircon U–Pb dating, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd isotopic data for the Early Cretaceous Jialou granitoids along the southernmost margin of the North China Craton (NCC), adjacent to the Tongbai Orogen. These results will provide significant constrains on the crustal evolution of the southern margin of the NCC. Zircon U–Pb analyses, using laser ablation–multicollector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, indicate that the Jialou granitoids were emplaced at ~130 Ma. The granitoids have high SiO₂, K₂O, Al₂O₃, Sr, and Ba contents, high Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N ratios, and low concentrations of MgO, Y, and heavy rare earth elements, indicating a low-Mg adakitic affinity. They have relatively high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.707464–0.708190) and negative εNd(t) values (–11.8 to –15.2), similar to those of the Palaeoproterozoic lower crust in the NCC. These geochemical and isotopic features indicate that the Jialou low-Mg adakitic rocks were derived by partial melting of mafic Palaeoproterozoic lower crust of the NCC at >50 km depth, leaving behind a garnet amphibolite residue. The petrogenesis of the Jialou low-Mg adakitic rocks, plus the petrogenesis of Mesozoic granitoids and lower crustal xenoliths entrained in the Late Jurassic Xinyang volcaniclastic diatreme, suggests that the continental crust along the southern margin of the NCC was thickened during the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, but thinned after 130 Ma. We propose that crustal thickening was caused by a late Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous intra-continental orogeny, rather than continent–continent collision between the NCC and the Yangtze Craton. We also suggest that crustal thinning and Early Cretaceous magmatism were related to subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate, rather than post-orogenic collapse of the Qinling–Tongbai–Dabie Orogen.     

Structure and geochronology of the Tongbai complex and their implications for the evolution of the Tongbai orogenic belt,central China

The Tongbai orogenic belt has an overall antiformal geometry and the hinge of the antiform is sub-horizontal and trends NW–SE. The Tongbai complex (TBC) in the core of the antiform is bounded by the S-dipping Yindian–Malong shear zone in the south, the sub-horizontal Taibaiding shear zone at the top and the N-dipping Hongyihe–Tongbai shear zone in the north. The three shear zones have dextral, top-to-NW and sinistral movement, respectively. They are parts of a single shear zone, termed the Tongbai shear zone, that has a uniform top-to-NW sense of shear. Three samples of deformed granitoid (mylonite or protomylonite) from the shear zone have U–Pb zircon ages of 145 ± 6 Ma, 142 ± 2 Ma and 131 ± 6 Ma, respectively. An L-tectonite in the TBC yielded a metamorphic age of 137 ± 8 Ma and a migmatite an age of 137 ± 1 Ma. The Tongbai shear zone is intruded by undeformed Early Cretaceous granite and dykes and deformation in the shear zone is constrained to ca. 140–135 Ma, synchronous with metamorphism and migmatization in the TBC. Early Cretaceous magma emplacement and the associated uplift modified the TBC into a gentle antiform and the uplift may have continued to ca. 102–85 Ma. Similar geometry and kinematics have been documented in the Dabie orogenic belt to the east, which suggests that the Central Orogenic Belt in China probably experienced a uniform orogen-parallel extension and top-to-NW shearing in the ductile lithosphere in the Early Cretaceous.     

河南桐柏地区三叠纪早期放射虫动物群及其地质意义

本文描述了采自河南南部桐柏地区蔡家凹大理岩中的放射虫化石,共计7属8种（其中1新属2新种）, 包括 Archaeospongoprunum compactum Nakaseko et Nishimura, Yangia chinensis Feng,Shengia yini (Feng), Cenosphaera sp., Triassocampe ? sp., Pactarentinia sp., Triassomitra zhangi n. gen. etsp.和Triassomitra litangensis n. gen. et sp..该动物群形成于三叠纪早期半深海环境,这是在桐柏-大别地区首次发现海相三叠纪地层,据此推论,二叠纪至三叠纪早期,古秦岭洋贯通秦岭-大别地区,是沟通古特提斯和古太平洋的重要通道,印支运动使秦岭-大别洋盆最终封闭。