南屯煤矿下组煤开采水文地质条件

分析了兖州南屯煤矿下组煤开采的水文地质条件,绘制了下组煤灰岩厚度等值线图、单位涌水量等值线图、灰岩含水层渗透系数等值线图、14灰至奥陶系间距等值线图,分析了隔水层、断裂导水的可能性,总结了南屯煤矿下组煤水害特征以及对安全生产产生的影响特性.     

辽宁红阳煤田控煤构造与深部煤炭资源潜力

针对辽宁红阳煤田局部采区浅部煤炭资源逐渐枯竭的问题,通过煤田构造发育规律和演化史研究、油气地震勘探资料解译、平衡剖面恢复等技术和方法,预测了该煤田深部及外围煤炭资源的赋存状况、远景勘探开发区及煤炭资源量。结果显示:煤田二区为正常背斜的控煤构造,-1500m以浅的煤炭资源储量为83148万t;煤田南部岳家堡背斜往南发育,徐往子勘探区东部存在一个低次序含煤向、背斜构造,可作为远景勘探区,估算-1500m以浅的煤炭资源量为1.85亿t。      

Hydrocarbon generation from coal,extracted coal and bitumen rich coal in confined pyrolysis experiments

Three sets of pyrolysis experiments were performed on extracted coal (R_o% 0.39), coal (initial bitumen 13.5 mg/g coal) and bitumen enriched coal (total bitumen 80.9 mg/g coal) at two heating rates of 2 °C/h and 20 °C/h in confined systems (gold capsules). For all three experiments, the yields of bitumen, Σn-C₈₊, aromatic components and ΣC_2–5 at first increase and then decrease with increasing EASY%R_o and reach the highest values within the EASY%R_o ranges of 0.67–1.08, 1.07–1.19, 1.46–1.79 and 1.46–1.68, respectively. In contrast, C₁/ΣC_1–5 ratio at first decreases and then increases with EASY%R_o and reaches a minimum value in EASY%R_o range of 0.86–1.08, closely corresponding to the maximum values of the yields of bitumen and Σn-C₈₊. Methane yields increase consistently with EASY%R_o. Nearly half of the maximum yield of methane from kerogen was generated at EASY%R_o > 2.2. The differences in methane yields among the three experiments at the same thermal stress are relatively minor at EASY%R_o < 2.2, but are greater with thermal stress at EASY%R_o > 2.2. This demonstrates that the kerogen always retained relatively more hydrogen and hydrocarbon generative potential at the postmature stage of bitumen rich coal than the extracted coal or coal.The maximum yield of ethane is 20–25% higher in the bitumen rich coal experiment than the extracted coal or coal, while the maximum yields of C₃, C₄ and C₅ in the former are double to triple those in the latter. This result demonstrates that the added bitumen in bitumen rich coal substantially increased the generation of these wet gases. However, the averaged values of activation energies (with the same frequency factors) for both the generation and cracking of individual wet gases are similar and do not show consistent trends among the three experiments. For all three experiments, activation energies for the generation and cracking of wet gases are significantly lower than those in previously published oil pyrolysis experiments with same frequency factors (Pan et al., 2012; Organic Geochemistry 45, 29–47). Methane δ¹³C values at the maximum temperature or EASY%R_o are close to those of initial wet gases, especially C₃, implying that the major part of methane shared a common initial precursor with wet gases, i.e., free and bound liquid alkanes.     

不同成因类型煤的可选性评价

煤的可选性受控于煤的聚积环境。通过对内蒙古乌达矿区主采煤层9、10、12、13和15煤中黄铁矿和粘土矿物的赋存特征与煤层成因关系的研究,发现河控下三角洲平原形成的煤层中黄铁矿含量低,粘土矿物含量高,其可选性较好;潮控下三角洲平原形成的煤层,其硫分含量高,粘土矿物含量较低,其可选性中等,而在潮坪沉积基础上形成的煤层中黄铁矿和粘土矿物的可选性最差。      

反映煤储层渗透性的参数之一——块煤率

煤储层的渗透性在很大程度上取决于煤体结构,煤体的整体结构决定煤炭筛分试验所获得的块煤率,所以块煤率可以从整体上反映煤储层的渗透性。辽中地区几个矿区煤储层块煤率与渗透率有很好的相关性,为块煤率作为评价煤储层的参数之一,提供了一个实例。      

张集井田13-1煤缩小防水煤柱开采实践

本文简要阐述了张集井田的水文地质特征,从煤矿开采过程中围岩及地表移动规律的角度出发,论证了张集井田防水煤柱留设高度的可行性,并付之实践,取得了成功的经验.     

Health impacts of coal and coal use: possible solutions

Coal will be a dominant energy source in both developed and developing countries for at least the first half of the 21st century. Environmental problems associated with coal, before mining, during mining, in storage, during combustion, and postcombustion waste products are well known and are being addressed by ongoing research. The connection between potential environmental problems with human health is a fairly new field and requires the cooperation of both the geoscience and medical disciplines. Three research programs that illustrate this collaboration are described and used to present a range of human health problems that are potentially caused by coal. Domestic combustion of coal in China has, in some cases, severely affected human health. Both on a local and regional scale, human health has been adversely affected by coals containing arsenic, fluorine, selenium, and possibly, mercury. Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), an irreversible kidney disease of unknown origin, has been related to the proximity of Pliocene lignite deposits. The working hypothesis is that groundwater is leaching toxic organic compounds as it passes through the lignites and that these organics are then ingested by the local population contributing to this health problem. Human disease associated with coal mining mainly results from inhalation of particulate matter during the mining process. The disease is Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis characterized by coal dust-induced lesions in the gas exchange regions of the lung; the coal worker's “black lung disease”.     

Fine coal covering for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal pile

In order to investigate the effect of fine coal covering around the bottom of coal stockpile on spontaneous combustion prevention, a two-dimensional math model was established to numerically simulate the fine coal covering coal pile and a coal pile temperature-rising experimental system was setup to study the two-dimensional heat and mass transfer characteristics of air diffusion in the horizontal direction and air heat convection in the vertical direction inside coal stockpiles covered by different thicknesses of fine coal. The results showed that (1) the fine coal located at the bottom of the coal pile can effectively inhibit air convection and diffusion, cut off oxygen replenishment, and prevent the temperature rise inside coal pile, and (2) thicker fine coal has more obvious effect. Finally, the field experiments on the fine coal covering coal piles for preventing self-ignition of coal pile were carried out successfully. The results showed that the uncovered or exposed coal piles self-ignited rapidly within a very short period (18 days), while the coal pile covered with 1 m fine coal lasted for 123 days with a maximum coal temperature of only 59.9 °C. The characteristics of temperature distribution and diffusion inside coal stockpile were studied, and the high-temperature region was found in the region 1.3 m high and 2–3 m deep in the coal pile. The effects of environment temperature and precipitation on self-ignition of coal pile were also analyzed in field experiment. The experimental results proved that the fine coal covering technology can effectively prevent the spontaneous combustion of coal stockpiles.     

Flow of top coal and roof rock and loss of top coal in fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams

This study investigates the flow and caving characteristics of top coal and roof rock, as well as top coal loss pattern in the fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams. The two dimensional discrete element numerical simulation software program, particle flow code (PFC), is used for the simulation of top coal caving and the inversion analysis. The original locations, distribution, and migration pattern of caved top coal and lost coal were obtained. The analysis shows that in the initial site of caving, the caved bodies are in the form of arc shaped strips in front of the working face. During the caving, caved bodies of different heights move towards the lower rear of the face at different speeds. The lost coal and caved roof rock are originally located at the interface between coal seam and roof, the lost coal is mainly distributed in the goaf on the floor. Behind the support, the caved top coal bodies originally are arc shaped strips, with the highest points located at the midline of the caving opening. The strips are more curved near the goaf than those near the support. During top coal caving, the strips successively cave, with the adjacent outer strip replacing the caved one. The variations of top coal loss and waste rock ratio with time reflect the different phases of top coal caving. In order to improve coal recovery and limit the amount of caved roof rock, the waste rock ratio should be controlled below 10 %. When the waste rock ratio reaches this value, the caving opening should be closed. This paper provides theoretical bases for the improvement of top coal recovery in the fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams.     

内蒙古早白垩世五间房含煤盆地煤层煤相分析

内蒙古是我国非常重要的后备煤炭资源基地,煤层大多聚集在白垩纪断陷盆地中,其中,五间房含煤盆地煤炭资源丰富。通过对该盆地东南部3个钻孔57件煤样的煤岩学和煤化学分析,探讨了煤层的煤质特征、煤相类型及其演化规律。研究结果表明:本区煤层以低—中高灰、高挥发分产率和低—特低硫为特征;具有较高的镜/惰比和结构保存指数;煤相类型主要为潮湿森林沼泽相,自下而上,成煤泥炭沼泽覆水程度总体有所加深,上部泥炭沼泽具有水体逐渐加深的水进型特征,下部泥炭沼泽具有水体逐渐变浅的水退型特征。      

Porphyrins in coal

The background to recent developments in investigations on coal porphyrins is reviewed. Essentially all the work of the past ten years has been with lignites and coals of the humic series. The concentrations of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are low (0-ca. 10 μg g⁻¹), which makes for difficulties in isolation and analysis.The preferred methods of isolation and analysis are summarised. The coal porphyrins differ from the porphyrins from crude oil, oil shale and related deposits in a variety of ways which are discussed. The major differences are the predominance of the etio series over the cycloetio series (DPEP series), the presence of Fe and Ga porphyrins (rather than Ni and VO porphyrins), and the presence of mesoporphyrin IX in lignite.Recent results tend to support Treibs' original idea (1935) that, for the coal porphyrins, both chlorophyll and iron porphyrin (haem) sources are important. The application of a weighted mean molecular mass of the porphyrins present as a biological marker in determining coal rank (Porphyrin Index of Coalification) is illustrated. Current activity is directed to the isolation and identification of individual iron complexes, and here a combination of thin layer chromatography and paramagnetically shifted ¹H-NMR spectroscopy (of dicyanoferrihaems), together with direct comparison with authentic haems especially synthesised for the purpose, has been rewarding.     

煤层水压致裂后煤岩应力解析

水压致裂后煤岩应力分布规律对水压致裂防冲效果起关键性作用。采用理论研究方法得出高压注水压致裂后及卸水后水区和气区的孔隙、瓦斯压力和煤体应力解析解。结果表明,致裂后水区孔隙压力沿径向变化不大,与注水压力接近;气区瓦斯压力沿径向呈递减趋势;在水区外围一定范围内形成瓦斯压力升高区;水区煤体环向应力将会减小,直到变为拉应力;气区煤体径向应力沿径向递减。卸水后水区孔隙压力、煤体径向应力沿径向呈递增趋势;气区煤体径向应力沿径向呈递增趋势,趋近于原始煤体应力;气区煤体环向应力沿径向呈递减趋势;气区孔隙压力沿径向呈递减趋势。这为煤层水压致裂预防冲击地压提供理论基础。      

Clausthalite in coal

A lead selenide mineral, tentatively identified as clausthalite (PbSe) based on optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX), electron microprobe, and scanning proton microprobe (SPM), has been described in a number of coals. While clausthalite has been mentioned as a possible source of Se in coal, it is present in such small quantities and sizes, that the mineral identification has not been absolutely confirmed. The mineral specimens examined in this study would contribute, not only to the Pb and Se concentrations in the coal, but also, in at least one case, to Hg concentrations.     

淮北煤田朱仙庄井田二叠纪含煤岩系垂直层序的研究

在对保留在淮北煤田朱仙庄井田二叠纪含煤岩系垂直层序特征的详细观察和研究的基础上,分析垂直层序上沉积物的粒度及构造特征在垂向上规律性变化情况,讨论本区含煤岩系的三角洲沉积环境,尝试阐明根据垂直层序特征解释沉积环境的方法。     

新疆地区侏罗系中低变质煤储层吸附特征及煤层气资源前景

利用高压吸附仪对新疆主要沉积盆地侏罗系煤储层的甲烷吸附能力进行了测试。测试结果表明中低变质煤的吸附能力普遍较低 ,且吸附能力随煤镜质组反射率值的增加而增加 ,随煤中水分的增加而减小 ,其原因与煤的微孔特征有关。根据煤储层的吸附兰氏体积 ,新疆侏罗系煤储层可分为 4类区 ,并认为新疆具有煤层气资源前景的地区分布在煤的吸附兰氏体积大于 12m3 /t的第三类区及第四类区     

江苏省煤炭资源利用及找煤前景

分析了苏南、徐州、丰沛煤田的煤炭资源利用现状和开发前景。对煤田预测成果进行了分析，评述、提出中大科技找煤力度，有希望取得较好的成果。     

吉林省煤炭资源赋存规律及含煤远景

吉林省主要成煤期为晚古生代晚石炭世至早二叠世、晚中生代晚侏罗世、新生代古近纪;沉积类型以海相、海陆交互相、陆相均有存在,控煤构造及成煤环境是吉林省煤炭资源赋存的两大控制因素,通过总结吉林省煤炭资源赋存规律及主要成煤期含煤地层聚煤作用特征,提出了吉林省重点应在推覆构造下、玄武岩盖层下及新近纪盖层下寻找新的煤炭资源。     

芦沟煤矿32采区水体下采煤的可行性

芦沟煤矿32采区大部分位于五星水库水体下,为了提高煤炭资源的回收率,通过导水裂缝带高度计算及地表移动变形的预计,对芦沟煤矿32采区水体下采煤的可行性进行了研究。结果显示,32采区煤炭开采不会对水库的水体造成直接的影响,32采区在水体下采煤是可行的。建议在采掘过程中加强断层及水文地质勘探,留设合理的防隔水煤柱;根据地质采矿条件,采用合理的开采速度。