内蒙古白乃庙铜矿床的成矿时代—来自SHRIMP锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄的新证据

摘要：内蒙古白乃庙铜矿床位于兴蒙造山系满都拉-霍林郭勒弧盆系白乃庙早古生代岛弧内,该矿床包括南、北两个矿带,南矿带矿体产于白乃庙组绿片岩中,北矿带矿体产于花岗闪长斑岩内,对于该矿床及白乃庙组的形成时代争议较大。本文采用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年获得了白乃庙组第三岩性段绿泥斜长片岩的形成年龄为439.8±6.7Ma,花岗闪长斑岩的形成年龄为433.9±2.2Ma、451.8±3.0Ma,采用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素分析获得辉钼矿的形成年龄为433.9±3.1Ma。结合前人成果,提出白乃庙组地层和花岗闪长斑岩的成岩时代与白乃庙铜矿的成矿时代均为晚奥陶-早志留世,它们同属加里东期构造-岩浆作用的产物。 关键词：绿泥斜长片岩;花岗闪长斑岩;锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄;辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄;白乃庙铜矿     

内蒙古白乃庙铜(钼)矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

内蒙古白乃庙铜(钼)矿床是华北板块北缘中段最重要的一个铜(钼)矿床, 矿床由南、北两矿带构成。南矿带矿体主要产于寒武系白乃庙组绿片岩中, 矿体产状与围岩基本一致;北矿带矿体大部分产于花岗闪长岩体中, 部分延进围岩。利用Re-Os同位素定年方法对南、北矿带主要矿段的5件辉钼矿样品进行了成矿时代研究, 结果表明, 辉钼矿样品的Re-Os同位素模式年龄为(435.8±6.0)~(443.0±6.1) Ma, Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为(440.5±4.4) Ma(2σ, MSWD=1.4), 属于早志留世, 与花岗闪长斑岩成岩时代(440.0 Ma)一致。结合区域地质背景和矿床特征, 认为白乃庙铜(钼)矿主成矿期为早志留世, 与早志留世花岗闪长斑岩(440.0 Ma)岩浆侵入关系密切, 又与早古生代古亚洲洋向华北板块强烈俯冲期(446.0~453.0 Ma)相吻合, 但晚于围岩白乃庙组。综合分析认为该成矿事件是早古生代华北板块北缘"沟、弧、盆"体系演化和陆缘增生的产物。     

内蒙古白乃庙铜矿床成矿时代的研究

内蒙古白乃庙铜矿床是华北地区知名的大型铜矿床之一,位于兴蒙造山系满都拉-霍林郭勒弧盆系白乃庙早古生代岛弧内。该矿床包括南、北两个矿带,南矿带矿体产于白乃庙组绿片岩中,北矿带矿体产于花岗闪长斑岩内。白乃庙组共划分为五个岩性段,第一、三、五岩段岩性主要为绿泥斜长片岩、阳起绿泥斜长片岩,是白乃庙铜矿的主要赋矿层位;第二、四岩段为长英片岩和变质流纹英安岩组合。白乃庙组地层的原岩为一套中基性-中酸性海相火山-沉积岩组合。对于该矿床及白乃庙组地层的形成时代争议较大,前人多认为二者均形成于中元古代。本文采用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年获得了白乃庙组第三岩性段绿泥斜长片岩的形成年龄为439.8±6.7Ma,花岗闪长斑岩的形成年龄为433.9±2.2Ma、451.8±3.0Ma,采用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素分析获得辉钼矿的形成年龄为433.9±3.1Ma。结合前人成果,提出白乃庙组地层及花岗闪长斑岩的成岩时代和白乃庙铜矿的成矿时代均为晚奥陶-早志留世,它们同属早古生代白乃庙岛弧岩浆作用的产物。     

河南鱼池岭钼矿床辉钼矿铼-锇同位素年龄及地质意义

河南嵩县鱼池岭钼矿床是东秦岭钼矿带新发现的大型斑岩钼矿床,产于被前人认为白垩纪的合峪花岗岩基内部。鱼池岭矿床5件辉钼矿样品的铼锇同位素模式年龄介于(134.3±2.0)~(141.8±1.6)Ma 之间,铼锇等时线年龄为144.3±5.2Ma（1σ,MSWD=3.7）。据此,结合前人获得的年龄资料,确定合峪复式花岗岩基的岩浆侵入序列为：(1) 144Ma之前的似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,(2) 144Ma左右的黑云母二长花岗斑岩,(3) 136~127Ma左右的巨斑状黑云母二长花岗斑岩,(4) <127Ma的(石英)正长斑岩脉或岩株;合峪复式花岗岩基形成于晚侏罗世—早白垩世,而非前人认为的仅限于白垩纪;成岩成矿构造背景为碰撞加厚的造山带地壳和岩石圈的伸展减薄或减压增温体制,岩浆侵入和成矿作用与地壳快速隆升事件相伴随。     

内蒙古白乃庙铜金矿床含矿斑岩地球化学、锆石U- Pb年代学、微量元素地球化学及成矿指示意义

白乃庙矿床是中亚造山带东南缘的一个大型铜金矿床,由南、北两个矿带组成,矿体主要赋存在花岗闪长斑岩和白乃庙组绿片岩中。本文分析了南、北矿带含矿花岗闪长斑岩的岩石地球化学组成、锆石U-Pb年龄及其微量元素组成,结果表明,南、北矿带含矿花岗闪长斑岩均富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如U,K,La等)、亏损高场强元素(HFSEs,如Nb,Ta,Ti等),稀土配分模式均呈现明显的右倾型特点;此外,北矿带斑岩较南矿带斑岩更亏损Ba,Sr,P等元素,显示其在形成过程中经历了更高的分离结晶作用。这些岩石地球化学特征,结合区域上出露有前寒武纪基底,表明含矿花岗闪长斑岩形成于陆缘弧环境。白乃庙含矿斑岩具有较低的Mg~#(0.37～0.49),较高的Th/Ta值(15.4～58.7)和较低的Nb/U(1.2～4.63),指示了原始岩浆侵位过程中受到了地壳物质的混染。南、北矿带含矿斑岩锆石微量元素均表现出明显富集重稀土的特征,LREE/HREE平均值分别为0.068和0.064,同时具有中度的负铕异常(δEu平均值分别为0.81和0.64)和强烈的正铈异常(Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)平均值分别为31和181),锆石结晶温度平均值分别为807℃和729℃。由于北矿带花岗闪长斑岩具有更高的氧逸度条件,并且更接近斑岩矿化中心,指示其为白乃庙矿床的成矿岩体,而南矿带花岗闪长斑岩是含矿岩体。南、北矿带含矿斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为437.3±2.9 Ma和444.8±3.4 Ma,且与前人获得的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄437Ma和445Ma较为一致,指示白乃庙矿床斑岩矿化的时间约为445～438Ma。矿床的叠加矿化发生在区域变质作用之后,以发育大量未变形的石英-硫化物脉型矿石为特征。白乃庙铜金矿床属斑岩-叠加改造型矿床。     

内蒙古白乃庙铜多金属矿床地质特征及成因讨论

白乃庙铜多金属矿床产于遭受了韧性变形的白乃庙群变质火山岩和花岗闪长斑岩中,矿床的地质-地球化学特征表明,除了赋矿围岩不同外,南、北两矿带中的其他地质特征基本一致,成矿流体具有深源特点,韧性剪切对成矿有叠加改造作用,连续发生的斑岩成矿作用和韧性剪切成矿作用产生于加里东期.矿床为复因多位的铜(钼)多金属矿床.     

西藏青草山斑岩铜金矿床含矿斑岩锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石成因

西藏青草山Cu-Au矿床是班公湖-怒江缝合带北侧新发现的具有大型远景的斑岩型矿床,但该矿床含矿斑岩的年龄、成因及源区一直未得到有效的约束.对青草山花岗闪长岩以及含矿花岗岩闪长斑岩进行了锆石年代学、Hf同位素以及岩石地球化学研究.结果显示,花岗闪长岩与含矿花岗闪长斑岩的侵入时代分别为131.2±0.3 Ma与117.9±0.8 Ma,代表了班公湖-怒江缝合带早期的成岩作用以及斑岩Cu-Au成矿作用.二者具有相似的地球化学特征,表明二者可能具有相同的岩浆源区,是不同时期同源岩浆活动的产物.结合含矿花岗闪长斑岩锆石Hf同位素组成,认为青草山含矿斑岩形成于班公湖-怒江洋壳向北俯冲过程中,是下地壳部分熔融的产物,受到了少量地幔物质的混合.      

内蒙古白乃庙铜矿床稳定同位素地球化学特征及其地质意义

内蒙古白乃庙铜矿床位于中亚造山带温都尔庙加里东增生带铜多金属成矿带,矿床包括南、北两个矿带,南矿带矿体产于白乃庙组绿片岩中,北矿带矿体主要产于加里东期花岗闪长斑岩体内。成矿作用大致分为早、中、晚3个阶段,分别以石英－黄铁矿,石英－黄铜矿、辉钼矿,石英、方解石－方铅矿、闪锌矿组合为标志。同位素测试结果显示：石英流体包裹体中的δ¹⁸O_H2O值在-3.2‰~5.5‰之间,δD变化范围为-94.2‰~-69‰,随着成矿作用的进行,δD基本不变,δ¹⁸O_H2O逐渐降低;热液方解石的δ¹³C_PDB为-5.4‰~-2.4‰,δ¹⁸O_SMOW为-3.1‰~10.9‰,随着成矿作用的进行,δ¹³C_PDB基本不变,δ¹⁸O_SMOW逐渐降低;硫化物的δ³⁴S值变化范围为-0.6‰~-6‰,显示出幔源硫的特征。碳、氢、氧、硫同位素显示南、北矿带不同成矿阶段流体主要来自岩浆系统,且南、北矿带间没有明显差异,但南矿带流体显示有更多大气降水和壳源物质的加入。结合矿床地质特征分析,认为在加里东期古洋壳经俯冲作用发生部分熔融形成花岗闪长岩岩浆,并沿着裂隙上升到浅部,带来成矿物质,对原始矿源层的成矿物质进行活化富集,在白乃庙岛弧带形成白乃庙斑岩铜矿床。     

广西富川岩鹰嘴W-Mo-Cu多金属矿区斑岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

岩鹰嘴W-Mo-Cu多金属矿床位于桂东北W-Mo多金属成矿带中部,矿体产于岩鹰嘴斑岩体内及其接触带矽卡岩中,成矿作用与斑岩体密切相关,但对于该矿床成矿斑岩形成时代至今仍没有精确的年龄数据。本文通过对与该矿床成矿有关的花岗斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U—Pb同位素测年,获得其成岩年龄分别为(426.2±2.3)Ma和(426.9±2.3)Ma,说明岩鹰嘴斑岩体是加里东期区域构造-岩浆活动的产物。结合区域构造演化、区域成岩成矿时代对比和矿床地质特征,推测岩鹰嘴W-Mo-Cu多金属矿区成矿作用和岩浆活动可能发生于晚志留世,形成于华南加里东运动由挤压向伸展转换的构造背景下,并与桂东北地区加里东期W-Mo成矿作用产于同一时期、同一构造背景,间接表明在加里东期桂东北地区可能存在一定强度的W-Mo-Cu成矿作用。此外,NE向构造-岩浆带、斑岩体分布带及矿化区外围是寻找斑岩-矽卡岩型W-Mo-Cu多金属矿床、同系列矿床以及隐伏矿床的有利地区,今后应加强该区加里东期花岗岩、花岗斑岩出露区的找矿勘查工作。     

黑龙江多宝山斑岩Cu-Mo矿床成岩成矿时代研究

多宝山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床是中国东北地区重要的斑岩型铜(钼)矿床,文章对矿区主要成矿岩体及辉钼矿样品进行了系统的成岩成矿年代学研究。对成矿岩体采用高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得成矿母岩花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(474.8±4.7) Ma,矿体寄主岩石花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(478.1±4.1) Ma,以及矿体外围黑云母花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(483.9±4.5) Ma;矿体辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄加权平均值为(475.1±5.1) Ma。测年结果显示,多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床形成于早奥陶世。结合含矿地层、矿区岩石组合特征,以及前人研究的岩石地球化学特征,推测多宝山矿床形成于早奥陶世与板块俯冲有关的岛弧环境,说明在区域上寻找类似多宝山的斑岩铜矿应沿早奥陶世多宝山-伊尔斯岩浆岛弧带开展。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)