大别—苏鲁超高压—高压变质带伸展构造格架及其动力学意义

构造分析结合变质作用PTt轨迹和同位素年代学资源指出，现今观察到的大别－苏鲁超高压－高压变质带区域构造框架，主要是在印支期中－朝与扬子克拉通斜向碰撞及超高压－高压变质作用期后伸展体制下形成的（200－170Ma)。构造样式类似于北美科迪勒拉型变质核杂岩并发育多层低缓角度地壳尺度的伸展拆离带。几何形态表现为大型穹窿或小型穹窿群。区域伸展构造叠加于先期碰撞或挤压构造之上，控制了超高压和高压变质岩石的空间分布。大规模的近水平韧性伸展流动，是在超高压－高压变质岩石从地幔深处折返到中、下地壳层次及角闪岩相环境下发生的。广泛的减压部分熔融作用反映的壳－幔动力学过程和地壳热结构的变化，是促使造山带从挤压体制向伸展体制转换的因素之一。证明造山带尺度的地壳伸展和薄化作用，在超高压和高压变质岩石折返到地表动力学过程中，曾起过重要作用。     

龙泉关韧性剪切带的新认识

龙泉关韧性剪切带五台山花岗岩－绿岩地体与阜平高级变质地体的接触部位，它不仅改造了“阜平群”而且也改造了“五台群”宏观构造，显微组构和矿物组合研究表明，龙泉关韧性剪切带经历了两期变形作用，早期发生于恒山古陆块－车厂弧地质体－阜平古陆块碰撞过程中，形成低角度逆冲型韧性剪切带，使地壳显著增厚，晚期发生于增厚同的纵向伸展过程中，使地壳得以均衡发展，形成低角度伸展型韧性剪切带，龙泉关韧性剪切带的变形特征反映     

大别—苏鲁区UHP变质岩构造学及流变学演化

在大别—苏鲁区的30个关键位置,对UHP/HP变质岩进行详细构造解析、大比例尺(1∶10000)制图并在区域尺度上进行观察和对比,以便揭示它们的构造几何学、变形条件和流变学演化。初步的研究结果指出,广泛出露的UHP/HP榴辉岩相岩石形成一个巨大的UHP/HP变质带,提供了一个观察中朝与扬子克拉通之间三叠纪大陆深俯冲-碰撞带过程的窗口。观察的显微构造及组构指出,UHP/HP变质带内岩石变形机制,无论是在榴辉岩相阶段还是在榴辉岩相后阶段,都是以塑性流变为主,其力学行为和组构特征都受组成矿物的强度、强度差等流变学特征,以及变形物理环境如压力、温度、应变速率、差异应力和流体含量等的制约。在俯冲/碰撞带内的变形分解作用于岩石圈不同层次及不同的构造阶段都曾发生,而且,在不同尺度上,应变局部化形成具高应变的剪切带网络,且一般显示典型的布丁-基质或碎斑-基质构造及流变学型式。根据构造、岩石、变质作用及地质年代学资料,借助于岩石圈流变学基本原理,提出一个大别—苏鲁区UHP/HP变质岩石流变学演化的工作模式,它涉及早期扬子与中朝克拉通间三叠纪(~250~230Ma)大陆深俯冲/碰撞、UHP/HP变质岩形成,相继深埋岩石的多期折返。特别强调UHP/HP岩石向地壳表层的折返,主要是构造过程,地面侵蚀作用是次要的。     

苏北—鲁东南高压,超高压变质带剥露过程中伸展构造作用

尽管许多地质学家提出了不同的超高压变质岩石形成与折返模式,但高压、超高压变质岩折返与剥露机制仍是大陆造山带动力学研究中的热点和焦点问题。本文明确提出并研究了分布于苏北－胶南变质岩区西北和北部边缘的地壳规模的拆离伸展型韧性剪切带。通过韧性剪切带几何学、运动学、变形环境分析和形成时代的讨论,认为与高压、超高压变质带展布方向斜交的斜向伸展构造作用,是苏北－鲁东南高压、超高压变质带从中地壳抬升至地表的主导     

五台山早前寒武纪碰撞造山带中的韧性剪切带及其大地构造…

在五台山早前寒武纪碰撞造山带中存在的两种类型韧性剪切带，即逆冲型和伸展型剪切带。除变质程度不同外，南部和北部构造片体中的角闪岩相逆冲型韧性剪切带与中部构造片体中的绿片岩相逆冲型韧性剪切带具有相同的变形特征，它们形成于同一变形过程，是造山作用早期地壳拼合阶段的产物。伸展型韧性剪切带在整个造山带都有分布，与造山作用晚期显著增厚的地壳发生大规模纵向伸展作用相联系。     

大别山碧溪岭地区超高压变质岩构造分析

大比例尺 (1∶10 0 0 0 )构造制图及构造分析表明 ,碧溪岭地区超高压变质岩石含有丰富的构造演化历史记录。同碰撞或挤压组构只保留于榴辉岩及其它超高压变质岩透镜体内部 ,表现为高角度网络状超高压剪切带与弱应变透镜体域规律组合格式。前者由面理或糜棱岩化榴辉岩组成 ,后者由块状榴辉岩及石榴橄榄岩组成。碰撞期后伸展构造表现为区域性的假单斜状 ,内部呈低缓角度的网络状强应变带及所环绕的透镜状弱应变域组合格式 ,强应变带的岩石为由榴辉岩退变成的角闪岩相高压片麻岩及部分熔融形成的含榴花岗岩 ,透镜状弱应变域的岩石为弱角闪相改造的榴辉岩及石榴橄榄岩。不同尺度上同碰撞或挤压组构及碰撞期后伸展组构所显示的这种残斑基质流变学结构样式 ,虽然与先期原岩成分、结构、流变学的不均一性有关 ,但主要是多期递进应变分解作用的结果 ,支持榴辉岩“原地”成因模式。依据构造学证据和可利用的岩石学及同位素年代学资料 ,分析了超高压变质岩石的形成及折返过程 ,指出碧溪岭地区超高压变质岩石是在 2 45～ 2 10Ma形成的 ,碰撞期后伸展作用主要发生在 2 0 0～ 170Ma。在超高压变质岩石向地壳表层折返过程中 ,张扭作用可能有重要功能 ,不支持碧溪岭地区遭受过多期超高压变质作用的推论。     

桐柏-大别造山带的剪切带阵列

桐柏－大别造山带在长期的韧性再造和脆性改造过程中，形成了有规律的剪切带阵列，包括韧性剪切带阵列和脆性剪切带阵列。它们是多期碰撞造山和造山期后伸展塌陷的产物，并在造山带的流变学和构造演化过程中起着重要的调整作用。造山带内的镁铁、超镁铁质及榴辉岩岩带则是涉及下地壳及上地幔流变的韧性剪切带阵列的代表。这些剪切带阵列经历了长期的演化历史，具正向的、反向的、螺旋形或旋回式的流变学演化轨迹。     

秦岭勉略缝合带两期韧性剪切变形及其动力学意义

构造解析表明勉略蛇绿构造混嫖岩带经历了两期韧性逆冲剪切变形，早期剪切变形主要发育于蛇绿岩和火山岩岩片中，与区域变质作用同期，剪切运动方向NW→SE;晚期剪切变形具有NNE→SSW高角度逆冲特点，并使不同岩片推覆叠置，构造缝合带现今主导叠瓦状构造样式。变质变形作用研究显示，两期剪切变形都具有高压－低温性质；综合变形时代以及整个缝合带构造演化，认为它们分别代表了俯冲与碰撞造山期变形，并指示洋壳俯冲和碰撞造山作用均具有斜向特点。     

五台山早前寒武纪碰撞造山带中的韧性剪切带及其大地构造意义

在五台山早前寒武纪碰撞造山带中存在两种类型韧性剪切带，即逆冲型和伸展型剪切带。除变质程度不同外，南部和北部构造片体中的角闪岩相逆冲型韧性剪切带与中部构造片体中的绿片岩相逆冲型韧性剪切带具有相同的变形特征，它们形成于同一变形过程中，是造山作用早期地壳拼合阶段的产物。伸展型韧性剪切带在整个造山带都有分布，与造山作用晚期显著增厚的地壳发生大规模纵向伸展作用相联系     

大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带碰撞后韧性伸展构造框架

国内外学者对大别-苏鲁区的超高压和高压变质带己进行了较深入的岩石学、同位素年代学及地球化学等领域的研究工作.相对而言,构造学研究比较薄弱.因而,所提出的超高压和高压变质岩石的形成及折返运动学模式,一般还缺乏坚实的构造学证据的支撑.我们通过关键地段详细构造分析及大比例尺(1:10000)制图,结合区域上构造观察和可利用的已有岩石学、变质作用及同位素年代学资料,在判别早期碰撞或挤压组构与碰撞期后角闪岩相条件下伸展组构基础上,重点分析了超高压、高压变质岩石折返到中下地壳后形成的区域伸展构造框架.其构造样式类似于北美的科迪那拉型变质核杂岩,几何形态为穹窿型式,内部发育4个缓倾斜伸展拆离带,由下向上为下拆离带、中拆离带、上拆离带和顶拆离带,共同构成一个近平行的伸展拆离系,并将大别-苏鲁区变质岩石分隔成变质温压条件完全不同的岩石构造单位,由下而上为核杂岩带(Cc)、超高压单位(UHP)、高压单位(HP)、绿帘石-蓝片岩单位(EB)和沉积盖层(SC).拆离带及岩石构造单位内部都发育区域性面状和线状组构,它们叠加和改造了榴辉岩透镜体内部保存的残余榴辉岩相组构.拆离带内岩石大都糜棱岩化,反映主要为非共轴变形体制,运动学标志指示正向剪切滑动作用.岩石构造单位内部岩石以近垂向缩短兼近水平方向的拉伸变形为特征.利用应变标志估算,片麻岩及含榴花岗岩的垂向缩短达70.80%,水平拉伸达100.150%;榴辉岩及退变质榴辉岩的垂向缩短仅为50%,水平拉伸为100%.表明不同岩石间的流变性差,在伸展变形过程中起重要的作用,形成布丁-基质或残斑一基质流变学构造.强调指出,我们现在所看到的构造框架,主要代表一个三叠纪中朝与扬子克拉通碰撞期后韧性的中下地壳的斜断面像.野外地质-热事件几何关系及同位素年代学资料显示,区域性伸展构造是在三叠纪(240～210Ma)中朝克拉通与扬子克拉通碰撞后,在角闪岩相条件下形成的(200～170Ma).这种地壳尺度的伸展作用,在超高压和高压变质岩石中.下地壳折返到中、上地壳过程中有重要的功能.而增厚岩石圈拆沉作用及在角闪岩相条件下的减压部分熔融作用产生的地壳热状态变化,是促使地壳由挤压体制向伸展体制转换的重要驱动机制.     

Relic UHP Structures in Dabie-Sulu Region, China:Structural Expression and Geodynamic Significance

INTRODUCTIONIn recent years a num ber of detailed m ineralogical- petro-logical studies have been carried out on the UHP and HPmetamorphic belts in the Dabie- Sulu region,central China(see review papers by Jahn,1999;Ernst and L iou,1999;Wallis et al.,1999;Hacker et al.,1996 ;L iou et al.,1996 ;Cong et al.,1994) . Various tectonic evolution models for theUHP belt in the Dabie- Sulu region have been constructed(e.g.,Webb etal.,1999;Hacker et al.,1996 ;Cong et al.,1994) .However,as …     

大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带构造演化

大别—苏鲁是世界上超高压 (UHP) ( >2 .7GPa)和高压 (HP)变质岩石出露最为广泛的地区。通过区域研究 ,尤其是在选择的 30多个关键位置上不同尺度构造记录的深入观察 ,结合已有的可利用的变质、热事件及同位素年代学资料分析 ,揭示出它们曾遭受过一个复杂的从深俯冲到折返构造演化历程 ,识别出 5个主要的构造变质事件 :( 1)由块状榴辉岩中发育的微弱面理和线理所代表的第 1期变形变质事件 (D1) ;( 2 )面状榴辉岩中发育的含拉伸线理的透入性主面理、中小型鞘状褶皱及网络状韧性剪切带 ,代表第 2期构造变质事件 (D2 ) ;( 3)第 3期变形事件主体发生于麻粒岩 /角闪岩相后成合晶形成之后 ,主要构造记录是区域性陡倾斜面理及不均一置换的成分层、榴辉岩透镜体及布丁群、面理内褶皱、网状韧性剪切带系统以及减压部分熔融作用形成的混合岩和含榴花岗质岩石组构 ;( 4)区域性的碰撞期后地壳韧性薄化及剪张作用 (D4)形成缓倾斜角闪岩相主面理及线理、穹状及弧形构造和多层韧性拆离带 ,它们主导了现今观察到的大别—苏鲁超高压和高压变质带的区域构造几何图像 ;( 5 )第 5期构造热事件 (D5)表现为不均一断块抬升、红色沉积盆地发育及大规模的岩体和岩脉就位 ,代表造山晚期的构造揭顶及坍陷作用 ,该期构造控制着造山带     

大别—苏鲁区残余超高压构造及其动力学意义

根据构造学及岩石学研究并结合已有同位素年代学资料地质意义分析证明, 现在观察到的大别-苏鲁超高压变质带的区域构造框架, 主要是在三叠纪中朝与扬子克拉通碰撞期后(200~170 Ma) 伸展体制和角闪岩相条件下形成的. 残余的同碰撞及超高压构造只保留在较大的榴辉岩及其他超高压变质岩体内部. 以湖北省麻城县乘马岗和何家湾、安徽省岳西县碧溪岭及江苏省东海等地区的榴辉岩为例, 分析描述了具弱面理的块状榴辉岩、超高压剪切带和A型褶皱等残余超高压构造. 强调指出, 只是这些早期的构造记录才反映大陆碰撞阶段的构造环境及相对运动学特征. 据此提出一个运动学模型, 表示三叠纪(240~210 Ma) 扬子克拉通向北俯冲于中朝克拉通之下并与其发生斜向碰撞的动力学格局.      

Kanfenggou UHP Metamorphic Fragment in Eastern Qinling Orogen and Its Relationship to Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP Metamorphic Belts, Central China

In the Central Orogenic Belt, China, two UHP metamorphic belts are discriminated mainly based on a detailed structural analysis of the Kanfenggou UHP metamorphic fragment exposed in the eastern Qinling orogen, and together with previous regional structural, petrological and geochronological data at the scale of the orogenic domain. The first one corresponds to the South Altun-North QaidamNorth Qinling UHP metarnorphic belt. The other is the Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts. The two UHP metamorphic belts are separated by a series of tectonic slices composed by the Qiniing rock group, Danfeng rock group and Liuling or Foziling rock group etc. respectively, and are different in age of the peak UHP metamorphism and geodynamic implications for continental deep subduction and collision. Regional field and petrological relationships suggest that the Kanfenggou UHP metamorphic fragment that contains a large volume of the coesite- and microdiamond-bearing eclogite lenses is compatible with the structures recognized in the South Altun and North Qaidam UHP metamorphic fragments exposed in the western part of China, thereby forming a large UHP metamorphic belt up to 1000 km long along the orogen strike. This UHP metamorphic belt represents an intercontinental deep subduction and collision belt between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons, occurred during the Paleozoic. On the other hand, the well-constrained Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts occurred mainly during Triassic time (250-220 Ma), and were produced by the intracontinental deep subduction and collision within the Yangtze craton. The Kanfenggou UHP metamorphic fragment does not appear to link with the DabieSulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts along the orogen. There is no reason to assume the two UHP metamorphic belts as a single giant deep subduction and collision zone in the Central Orogenic Belt situated between the Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons. Therefore, any dynamic model for the orogen must ac-count for the development of UHP metarnorphic rocks belonging to the separate two tectonic belts of different age and tectono-metamorphic history.     

Triassic Collisional Structures and Post—Collisional Deformation of Bixiling UHP Rock Stack： Insights for Tectonic Evolution of UHP Metamorphic Belt in Dabie Massif, Central China

Detailed three-dimensional structural studies indicate that the Bixiling area,Dabie massif,central Chian shows the deepest exposed levels of the orogenic wedge formed during the Triassic Yangtze0Sino-Korean continental collision.New1:10000 scale structural mapping,combined with detailed petrological analysis in this area,has enabled us to accurately distinguish structures related to the Trias-sic continental collision from those related to post-collisional deformation in the ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic unit.The collisional or compressional structures include the massive eclogite with a weak foliation,foliated eclogite or UHP ductile shear zones,as well as upper amphibolite facies shear zones,whereas the post-collisional deformation is characterized by a regionally,flat-lying foliation con-taining stretching lineations and common reclined folds .The former is present exclusively in the eclogite lenses and their margins,representing orogenic thickening or syn-collisional events,while the latter was best occurred on variable scales under amphibolite facies conditions,showing sub-vertical,extreme short-ening and ductile thinning of the metamorphic rock stack.The eclogite facies tectonites that have a marked fabric discordance to the penetrative amphibolite facies extension flow fabric are common.It is emphasized that an extensional tectonic setting following the collision-orogenic thickening stage was,at least partly,responsible for exhumation of the UHP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie massif.A new tec-tionic evolution model is proposed for the UHP metamorphic belt on the scale of the Dabie massif.The Bixiling area thus provides a window,from which the dynamic processes concerning the formation and exhumation of the UHP rocks can be observed.Regional studies in the Dabie Mountains have confirmed this interpretation.     

Polyphase Deformation of the Weihai-Rongcheng UHP Unit Rocks, NE Sulu： Insights into the Tectonic Evolution of the Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP Belts, China

Different scales of structural data reveal a complex deformation history of ultrahigh- pressure （UHP） rocks exposed in the Weihai-Rongcbeng area, NE Sulu （northern Jiangsu-eastern Shandong）, eastern China. Excluding pre-UHP deformations, at least five major sequential deformational stages （D1-Ds） are recognized. The first deformation （DO produced a weak foliation and lineation in massive eclogites. The foliated eclogite with a dominant foliation containing a stretching and mineral lineation was developed during the I）2 deformation. Both the D1 and D2 deformations occurred under UHP metamorphic conditions, and are well preserved in the eclogite bodies. D3 structures which developed shortly after the formation of granulite/amphibolite facies symplectites are characterized by imbricated associations marked by a regional, steeply dipping foliation, compositional layering, eclogite boudinage, isoclinal folds and reverse ductile shear zones. The D3 deformation was accompanied by decompressional partial melting. A regional, gently dipping amphibolite facies foliation and stretching lineation, low-angle detachments, and dome- and arc-shaped structures formed during the D4 deformation stage dominate to some degree the map pattern of the Weihai-Rongcbeng UHP domain. The last stage of deformation （Ds） gave rise to the final exhumation of the UHP rocks. Ds is characterized by development of brittle-dominated high-angle faulting associated with emplacement of large volmnes of undeformed granite plutons and dykes dated at 134-100 Ma. The deformational and metamorphic sequence followed by the UHP rocks in the Weihai-Rongcheng area is similar to that studied in the entire Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts from microscopic to mapping scale. Based on structural data, combined with available petrographic, metamorphic and geochronological data, a speculative tectonic evolutionary model for the Dabie-Sulu UHP and IIP belts is proposed, involving continental subduction/collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons and subsequent polyphase exhumation histories of the UHP and IIP metamorphic rocks.     

大别山高压、超高压变质岩结构构造的演化规律(PTt-D轨迹)

根据大别山高压、超高压变质岩的中尺度-显微构造分析及PTt研究,建立它们的结构和构造随变质作用（前榴辉岩相、超高压变质峰期、前角闪岩相和角闪岩相）有序演化的PTt-D轨迹。这一演化主要包括：在岩石的矿物结构方面从石榴石静态重结晶结构到柯石英假像及放射状张裂隙构造;在岩石组构方面从L>S到L-S和S>L榴辉岩;以及在中尺度构造方面发育的D1和D2变形构造。该PTt-D轨迹同时可以提供有关高压、超高压变质岩折返模式的信息。     

Late-Stage Ductile Deformation in Xiongdian-Suhe HP Metamorphic Unit, North-Western Dabie Shan, Central China

New structural and petrological data unveil a very complicated ductile deformation history of the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, north-western Dabie Shun, central China. The finegrained symplectic amphibolite-facies assemblage and coronal structure enveloping eclogite-facies garnet,omphacite and phengite etc., representing strain-free decompression and retrogressive metamorphism,are considered as the main criteria to distinguish between the early-stage deformation under HP metamorphic conditions related to the continental deep subduction and collision, and the late-stage deformation under amphibolite to greenschist-facies conditions occurred in the post-eclogite exhumation processes.Two late-stages of widely developed, sequential ductile deformations D3 and D4, are recognized on the basis of penetrative fabrics and mineral aggregates in the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, which shows clear, regionally, consistent overprinting relationships. D3 fabrics are best preserved in the Suhe tract of low post-D3 deformation intensity and characterized by steeply dipping layered mylonitic amphibolites associated with doubly vergent folds. They are attributed to a phase of tectonism linked to the initial exhumation of the HP rocks and involved crustal shortening with the development of upright structures and the widespread emplacement of garnet-bearing granites and felsic dikes. D4 structures are attributed to the main episode of ductile extension (D^24) with a gently dipping foliation to the north and common intrafolial, recumbent folds in the Xiongdian tract, followed by normal sense top-to-the northductile shearing (D^24) along an important tectonic boundary, the so-called Majiawa-Hexiwan fault (MHF), the westward continuation of the Balifan-Mozitan-Xiaotian fault (BMXF) of the northern Dabie Shan. It is indicated that the two stages of ductile deformation observed in the Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit, reflecting the post-eclogite compressional or extrusion wedge formation, the subhorizontal ductile extension and crustal thinning as well as the top-to-the north shearing along the high-angle ductile shear zones responsible for exhumation of the HP unit as a coherent slab, are consistent with those recognized in the Dabie-Sulu UHP and HP metamorphic belts, suggesting that they were closely associated in time and space. The Xiongdian-Suhe HP metamorphic unit thus forms part of the Triassic(250-230 Ma) collision orogenic belt, and can not connect with the South Altun-North Qaidam-North Qinline UHP metamorphic belt formed durin~ the Early Paleozoic (500-400Ma).     

桐柏-大别山区高压变质相的构造配置

作为华北和扬子陆块间的碰撞造山带桐柏大别山区以发育高压、超高压变质带为特征,从南到北变质相从低级到高级,代表俯冲带深度不同的变质产物,整体形成高压变质相系列。不过现今各变质相岩石的分布极受后期地壳规模的伸展构造控制,大别杂岩的穹隆作用更使高压变质相带的空间分布复杂化。超高压变质岩今日多呈大小不等的块体嵌布于相对低压的大别杂岩之内,造山带根部物质的热软化,使许多深层地幔物质得以像挤牙膏一样挤出于大别杂岩内。它们之中广泛发育着减压退变质的显微结构,与大别杂岩内一些麻粒岩相表壳岩所保存的减压退变质证迹一样,同是挤出作用和碰撞后隆升的构造证迹。高压相系的发育使南桐柏山和大别山迥然不同于桐商（ 商丹） 断裂以北的北秦岭北淮阳变质带。新近发表的同位素年代学（４０Ａｒ ３９ Ａｒ） 资料：３１６ ～４３４ Ｍａ ,已证明北秦岭是古生代变质带,它与桐柏－ 大别印支期碰撞造山带差异甚大。这两个变质地温梯度差异甚大的变质地体的拼合,说明华北和扬子陆块碰撞的主缝合带是商丹－ 桐商断裂带