Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans氧化分解毒砂的次生产物研究

毒砂是常见的含砷硫化物矿物。在金属硫化物矿山环境中,含毒砂矿石和尾矿的风化会导致严重的重金属污染,在其风化过程中,微生物能够显著促进毒砂的氧化分解。本文实验研究了Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans氧化分解毒砂矿物的现象,利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜,分析了毒砂微生物氧化作用形成的次生矿物类型,发现毒砂表面存在As含量明显不同的2类次生产物,观察到黄钾铁矾、臭葱石、自然硫和施威特曼石等矿物;借助光电子能谱仪重点分析了微生物作用前后毒砂晶面的表面化学组成,基本查明了Fe、As和S三种元素的价态变化,初步探讨了毒砂表面次生矿物成因和As的化学态转化。     

大兴安岭南段黄岗矽卡岩型铁锡多金属矿床蚀变矿化特征及其成因

大兴安岭南段黄岗铁锡多金属矿床具有明显的蚀变-矿化特征,对于研究矽卡岩型矿床的成矿过程具有重要的意义.因此对该矿床中具有代表性的蚀变矿物以及金属矿物开展电子探针研究,结果指示研究区的热液演化经历了4个阶段:在进变质矽卡岩阶段（Ⅰ）,矿物以含有钙铁榴石GrtⅠ核的钙铝榴石GrtⅡ和钙铁辉石为主;在退变质矽卡岩阶段（Ⅱ）,矿物以富铁榴石GrtⅢ、浸染状磁铁矿以及含水矿物为代表;氧化物阶段（Ⅲ）的矿物以大量磁铁矿、锡石以及少量钙铁榴石GrtⅣ和透辉石为主;在硫化物阶段（Ⅳ）,磁铁矿逐渐被硫化物交代,最后形成毒砂、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、铁闪锌矿、浅色闪锌矿-黄铜矿-方黝锡矿固溶体、锑黝铜矿等,表明黄岗铁多金属矿床的流体来源从岩浆水、交代流体最后演化为大气降水的加入,流体成分变化复杂,流体演化具体表现为温度逐渐降低,水岩比值逐渐升高,具有还原性→氧化性→还原性等特点.      

金矿物及其赋存状态

已发现的金矿物有60余种。本文将其分为七类。在附表中列有20种较常见的金矿物及其鉴定特征。金在自然界中有三种赋存状态:可见独立矿物形式;呈次显微状于载体矿物中;或以原子状态混入其他矿物。金的工业矿物以第一种赋存状态为主,它们常与黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿和石英等连生,或以其作为载体矿物。呈次显微状的金,是以粒径小于0.2um的球粒形质点,呈机械混入物状态于黄铁矿等硫化物中。     

海南乐东抱伦金矿金矿物的特征研究

通过光学显微镜观察、X射线衍射和电子探针分析,对海南乐东抱伦金矿金矿物的特征进行研究,结果表明：矿石中主要金属矿物为黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿,其次为黄铜矿、闪锌矿、毒砂、和方铅矿等;而脉石矿物则主要为石英、白云母和绢云母,其次为方解石、绿泥石和伊利石等。矿石中的金主要以自然金矿物形式产出,颗粒大小在1μm～35μm之间,多呈孤岛状及其他不规则形状,充填在石英以及黄铁矿等硫化物矿物颗粒之间,少量以包裹体形式包裹在硫化物、石英矿物晶体之中。金矿物化学组成分析结果表明,金的质量分数均在92％以上,其他元素含量甚微,其成色在942～978之间。根据自然金矿物的高成色特征可以推断,金矿物形成于较深的部位。此外,在与自然金矿物共生的黄铁矿中,含有较高的微量元素Co和Ni,且Co／Ni比值多大于1,说明成矿物质与深部岩浆作用有关。成矿物质与硫化物、二氧化硅等一同向上运移,当流体物理化学条件（如温度、压力）发生变化时而沉积富集,石英的结晶稍早于硫化物矿物,而硫化物矿物与金矿物的结晶基本上是同时的。     

大井锡多金属矿床矿石矿物成分及时空演化

文章总结和划分了矿床的矿石类型、矿化阶段及其在空间上的分布；对不同阶段、不同地段和不同类型的黄铁矿类、毒砂、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿和锡石等6种主要矿石矿物进行了电子探针微区分析。结果显示，矿床中主要矿石矿物的化学成分明显受时间因素控制，尤其是黄铁矿类和锡石。毒砂、闪锌矿、黄铜矿和方铅矿等硫化物，更具空间上的分带性，总体上，老区东部－北区南部的矿物成分特征显示出其形成温度较高，可能是本区的重要矿化中心，而南区和西区可能还存在其他的矿化中心。     

浙江大岭口银铅锌矿床主要硫化物的标型特征

本文对浙东地区典型的陆相火山、次火山热液型矿床——大岭口银铅锌矿床中闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿及毒砂,着重进行了成分标型的研究,指出:闪锌矿的Zn/Cd比值(492～148),方铅矿的Bi/Sb比值(17.7～0.10)皆是各自形成温度的重要标志;闪锌矿;黄铁矿及黄铜矿富As,黄铁矿、毒砂富Sb是其重要的标型特征,从这些矿物的微量元素含量及浙东地区的地质特征来看,在本区,尤其是铅锌银矿区,寻找中,低温火山热液型金矿床是很有希望的。     

新疆哈图金矿床中不同类型黄铁矿的成因研究及其矿床学意义

新疆哈图金矿床存在2种成因的黄铁矿,沉积成因的草莓状或细粒黄铁矿与热液成因黄铁矿。草莓状黄铁矿富Ni贫As,被热液矿物充填或交代。热液成因的细脉浸染状黄铁矿具多阶段演化特征：早期黄铁矿（Py1）呈疏松多孔的海绵状结构,被后期黄铁矿增生,As含量范围明显间断,早期黄铁矿（Py1）是草莓体在热液叠加下重结晶的产物。Py2以Py1为核继续生长,致密均一的晶体内部存在长柱状毒砂、蠕虫状闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、黝铜矿和自然金包体,晶间和裂隙中充填黄铜矿、黝铜矿、闪锌矿和自然金。主成矿阶段的黄铁矿与大量毒砂共生呈脉状（Py3a）或浸染状（Py3b）,晶间可见黄铜矿、闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿、车轮矿和自然金。热液黄铁矿的Ni、S含量较低,而As含量较高。随着成矿作用的进行,As逐渐替代黄铁矿中的S。根据矿物共生组合,可将哈图金矿床成岩成矿作用划分为草莓状黄铁矿阶段、石英-钠长石阶段（Ⅰ）、白云母-磷灰石阶段（Ⅱ）、黄铁矿-自然金阶段（Ⅲ）、毒砂-黄铁矿阶段（Ⅳ）和石英-方解石阶段（Ⅴ）,成矿期白云母（Ms2和Ms3）和磷灰石（Ap2）富FeO、MgO、MnO。与草莓状黄铁矿伴生的泥质和石墨,显著改变了成矿流体的氧逸度,诱发金沉淀形成金矿化。     

秦岭卡林型金矿床金、砷地球化学探讨

讨论了秦岭卡林型金矿床中Ａｕ 、Ａｓ 的元素地球化学、矿物学特征。在含矿岩系中获得的Ａｕ、Ａｓ 等成矿元素初始含量较高,且主要集中在成岩黄铁矿中。在矿石样品中对含砷硫化物矿物的研究表明,Ａｕ 、Ａｓ 在矿物显微结构中具有强的正相关性。在大量金进入到硫化物结构之前,就已有［ＡｓＳ］３ － 的存在。在含砷硫化物矿物中,金多半以一种带电类型（Ａｕ３ ＋） 存在, 它很可能替代铁位置上的过剩砷, 以固溶体方式沉淀于硫化物矿物中。此时, 黄铁矿构成（Ａｕ３ ＋ ,Ｆｅ２ ＋）（［ＡｓＳ］３ － ［Ｓ２］２ － ）,毒砂构成（Ａｕ３ ＋ ,Ｆｅ２ ＋）（［ＡｓＳ］３ － ［ＡｓＳ］３ －） 。通过电子探针（ＥＭＰ） 和透射电镜（ＴＥＭ） 对秦岭卡林型金矿含砷硫化物矿物中金的赋存状态的研究表明,在金的成矿作用早期阶段, 金主要以固溶体形式优先富集于含砷黄铁矿和毒砂及砷黝铜矿之中,并且认为是以金的氧化和砷的还原的共沉淀方式发生的。在此之后的金成矿作用晚期阶段,由于热液蚀变和结晶作用程度的增高,寄主矿物耐熔性质相对降低,加之金本身的聚集能力,和因过量砷加入而造成的含砷硫化物矿物的晶格缺陷,致使已形成的固溶体金以“出溶”形式发生再分布,赋存于硫化物矿物晶粒     

东昆仑造山带那更康切尔沟银矿床典型硫化物特征及其指示意义

那更康切尔沟银矿床位于东昆仑造山带东段昆中断裂北侧,是青海省近年来新发现的主要受北西向断层控制的大型独立热液脉型银矿床,此文首次对其典型硫化物进行了系统的研究。显微矿相学观察和电子探针分析等研究表明,该矿床鄂拉山组地层中硫化物主要包括闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿,而金水口岩群地层中硫化物除包括上述矿物外还含较多黄铜矿、白铁矿、毒砂、黝锡矿、磁黄铁矿。其中自然银和辉银矿与闪锌矿、毒砂和黝锡矿在空间分布上关系较密切,Ag的赋存状态除以独立银矿物存在外,还以类质同像的形式赋存于方铅矿中,并且金水口岩群和鄂拉山组方铅矿Ag含量具有明显差异,含Ag平均值分别为0.33%和0.64%,其它硫化物中基本不含Ag。此外,金水口岩群和鄂拉山组闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿等成分标型特征指示那更康切尔沟银矿床成矿作用为火山成因,而两种赋矿地层中的成矿流体在温度、成分、硫逸度等方面均具有明显差异性。     

夏塞银多金属矿床中硫化物和硫盐系列矿物特征及其意义

夏塞矿主档是大型的热液脉型银多金属矿床,通过对大量矿石光（薄）片观察和电子探针分析表明,除主要（方铅矿、富铁闪锌矿）和次要（黄铁矿、毒砂、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿等）硫化物外,硫盐毓硫物十分发育,主要有Ｃｕ－Ｓｂ－Ａｇ硫盐（黝铜矿、含银黝铜矿和银黝铜矿）、Ｓｂ－Ａｇ硫盐（深红银矿、辉锑银矿）、Ｐｂ－Ｓｂ硫盐（脆硫锑铅矿、硫锑铅矿）和Ｂｉ－Ｐｂ硫盐（斜方辉饿铅矿）。此外,尚有少（微）量黄锡矿、锡石、自然饿和银金矿等。银的硫盐硫物和硫化物（辉银矿）乃是获得银的主要工业矿物,这些硫盐毓矿物常与硫化物伴生,多沿方铅矿、富铁闪锌矿、黄铁矿等的解理、裂隙或粒间产出,这些研究结果不仅有助于了解矿化作用过程,而且为矿床评价,组分综合利用和选冶提供重要依据。     

Effect of sulfide impurities on the reactivity of pyrite and pyritic concentrates: a multi-tool approach

Sulfide mineral oxidation, primarily pyrite and pyrrhotite, generates acid mine drainage during weathering. Successful management of acid generating wastes entails the suppression of the initiation of oxidation reactions. The reactivity of pyrite depends on ore mineralogy, including the effects of associated sulfide impurities. The electrochemical surface characterization study using cyclic voltammetry with carbon paste electrodes containing minerals particles (CPE-Mineral) is an effective tool for demonstrating how the various mineral characteristics work together to influence the overall reactivity of the mineral. This study was supported by chemical, mineralogical and leachate chemistry data. The results show that the presence of other sulfides in contact with pyrite at the beginning of the weathering process is the most important parameter affecting pyrite reactivity, which is likely to be oxidized and passivated. In more advanced stages of leaching, mineral coatings which passivate the pyrite surfaces tend to play the most important role in defining the reactivity of pyrite. The electrochemical response of pyritic samples in conjunction with the evolution of the chemical quality of the leach solution in the simple experimental device here used, could then provide valuable information on acid mine drainage generation.     

Copper–Gold Skarn Mineralization at the Karavansalija Ore Zone,Rogozna Mountain,Southwestern Serbia

Karavansalija ore zone is situated in the Serbian part of the Serbo‐Macedonian magmatic and metallogenic belt. The Cu–Au mineralization is hosted mainly by garnet–pyroxene–epidote skarns and shifts to lesser presence towards the nearby quartz–epidotized rocks and the overlying volcanic tuffs. Within the epidosites the sulfide mineralogy is represented by disseminated cobalt‐nickel sulfides from the gersdorfite‐krutovite mineral series and cobaltite, and pyrite–marcasite–chalcopyrite–base metal aggregates. The skarn sulfide mineralization is characterized by chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, bismuth‐phases (bismuthinite and cosalite), arsenopyrite, gersdorffite, and sphalerite. The sulfides can be observed in several types of massive aggregates, depending on the predominant sulfide phases: pyrrhotite‐chalcopyrite aggregates with lesser amount of arsenopyrite and traces of sphalerite, arsenopyrite–bismuthinite–cosalite aggregates with subordinate sphalerite and sphalerite veins with bismuthinite, pyrite and arsenopyrite. In the overlying volcanoclastics, the studied sulfide mineralization is represented mainly by arsenopyrite aggregates with subordinate amounts of pyrite and chalcopyrite. Gold is present rarely as visible aggregate of native gold and also as invisible element included in arsenopyrite. The fluid inclusion microthermometry data suggest homogenization temperature in the range of roughly 150–400°C. Salinities vary in the ranges of 0.5–8.5 wt% NaCl eq for two‐phase low density fluid inclusions and 15–41 wt% NaCl eq for two‐phase high‐salinity and three‐phase high‐salinity fluid inclusions. The broad range of salinity values and the different types of fluid inclusions co‐existing in the same crystals suggest that at least two fluids with different salinities contributed to the formation of the Cu–Au mineralization. Geothermometry, based on EPMA data of arsenopyrite co‐existing with pyrite and pyrrhotite, suggests a temperature range of 240–360°C for the formation of the arsenopyrite, which overlaps well with the data for the formation temperature obtained through fluid inclusion microthermometry. The sulfur isotope data on arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and marcasite from the different sulfide assemblages (ranging from 0.4‰ to +3.9‰ δ³⁴S_CDT with average of 2.29 δ³⁴S_CDT and standard deviation of 1.34 δ³⁴S_CDT) indicates a magmatic source of sulfur for all of the investigated phases. The narrow range of the data points to a common source for all of the investigated sulfides, regardless of the host rock and the paragenesis. The sulfur isotope data shows good overlap with that from nearby base‐metal deposits; therefore the Cu–Au mineralization and the emblematic base‐metal sulfide mineralization from this metallogenic belt likely share same fluid source.     

Mine drainage from the weathering of sulfide minerals and magnetite

Pyrite and pyrrhotite are the principal minerals that generate acid drainage in mine wastes. Low-pH conditions derived from Fe-sulfide oxidation result in the mobilization of contaminant metals (such as Zn, Cd, Ni and Cr) and metalloids (such as As) which are of environmental concern. This paper uses data from detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies conducted at two Canadian tailings impoundments to examine the mineralogical changes that pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite and magnetite undergo during and after sulfide oxidation, and the subsequent release and attenuation of associated trace elements. The stability of sphalerite in tailings impoundments generally is greater than that of pyrrhotite, but less than pyrite. Dissolved Ni and Co derived from Fe sulfides, and to a lesser extent, dissolved Zn and Cd from sphalerite, are commonly attenuated by early-formed Fe oxyhydroxides. As oxidation progresses, a recycling occurs due to continued leaching from low-pH pore waters and because the crystallinity of Fe oxyhydroxides gradually increases which decreases their sorptive capacity. Unlike many other elements, such as Cu, Pb and Cr, which form secondary minerals or remain incorporated into mature Fe oxyhydroxides, Zn and Ni become mobile. Magnetite, which is a potential source of Cr, is relatively stable except under extremely low-pH conditions. A conceptual model for the sequence of events that typically occurs in an oxidizing tailings impoundment is developed outlining the progressive oxidation of a unit of mine waste containing a mixed assemblage of pyrrhotite and pyrite.     

Arsenite sorption on troilite (FeS) and pyrite (FeS2)

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid whose mobility and availability are largely controlled by sorption on sulfide minerals in anoxic environments. Accordingly, we investigated reactions of As(III) with iron sulfide (FeS) and pyrite (FeS₂) as a function of total arsenic concentration, suspension density, sulfide concentration, pH, and ionic strength. Arsenite partitioned strongly on both FeS and FeS₂ under a range of conditions and conformed to a Langmuir isotherm at low surface coverages; a calculated site density of near 2.6 and 3.7 sites/nm² for FeS and FeS₂, respectively, was obtained. Arsenite sorbed most strongly at elevated pH (>5 to 6). Although solution data suggested the formation of surface precipitates only at elevated solution concentrations, surface precipitates were identified using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at all coverages. Sorbed As was coordinated to both sulfur [d(As-S) = 2.35 Å] and iron [d(As-Fe) = 2.40 Å], characteristic of As coordination in arsenopyrite (FeAsS). The absorption edge of sorbed As was also shifted relative to arsenite and orpiment (As₂S₃), revealing As(III) reduction and a complete change in As local structure. Arsenic reduction was accompanied by oxidation of both surface S and Fe(II); the FeAsS-like surface precipitate was also susceptible to oxidation, possibly influencing the stability of As sorbed to sulfide minerals in the environment. Sulfide additions inhibit sorption despite the formation of a sulfide phase, suggesting that precipitation of arsenic sulfide is not occurring. Surface precipitation of As on FeS and FeS₂ supports the observed correlation of arsenic and pyrite and other iron sulfides in anoxic sediments.     

Pyritization processes and greigite formation in the advancing sulfidization front in the upper Pleistocene sediments of the Black Sea

Pyritization in late Pleistocene sediments of the Black Sea is driven by sulfide formed during anaerobic methane oxidation. A sulfidization front is formed by the opposing gradients of sulfide and dissolved iron. The sulfidization processes are controlled by the diffusion flux of sulfide from above and by the solid reactive iron content. Two processes of diffusion-limited pyrite formation were identified. The first process includes pyrite precipitation with the accumulation of iron sulfide precursors with the average chemical composition of FeS_n (n = 1.10-1.29), including greigite. Elemental sulfur and polysulfides, formed from H₂S by a reductive dissolution of Fe(III)-containing minerals, serve as intermediates to convert iron sulfides into pyrite. In the second process, a “direct” pyrite precipitation occurs through prolonged exposure of iron-containing minerals to dissolved sulfide. Methane-driven sulfate reduction at depth causes a progressive formation of pyrite with a δ³⁴S of up to +15.0‰. The S-isotopic composition of FeS₂ evolves due to contributions of different sulfur pools formed at different times. Steady-state model calculations for the advancement of the sulfidization front showed that the process started at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition between 6360 and 11 600 yr BP. Our study highlights the importance of anaerobic methane oxidation in generating and maintaining S-enriched layers in marine sediments and has paleoenvironmental implications.     

Sulfide Oxidation and Production of Gossans,Ashanti Mine,Ghana

At the Justice mine, in the Ashanti goldfields of southwestern Ghana, chemical weathering of gold- bearing sulfide-rich lodes has produced a series of characteristic mineralogical and geochemical features that are diagnostic. In this type of gold mineralization, the most abundant sulfides are arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite with minor bornite and sphalerite. Gold occurs predominantly as native gold, spatially associated and chemically bound with arsenopyrite. Elsewhere gold-silver tellurides are present in quartz veins. During sulfide oxidation, arsenopyrite is replaced by amorphous and crystalline Fe-Mn arsenates, goethite, hematite, and arsenolite in box- and ladderwork textures. In the extremely weathered gossans exposed at surface or in exploration pits, goethite, hematite, and scorodite are present as pseudomorphs of oxidized arsenopyrite, which can be used as a visual pathfinder for gold-arsenic mineralization. As with arsenopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite alteration produces boxwork and ladderwork textures with the sulfide replaced by goethite, hematite, and a complex limonite. Copper sulfides and goethite replace bornite and chalcopyrite in ladder-type textures. With more intensive weathering, this assemblage is replaced by cuprite, goethite, and hematite. Gold mineralogy in the gossan is complex, with evidence of in situ precipitation of supergene gold as well as alteration of hypogene native gold. The concentration of pathfinder elements decreases in the gossan as a result of supergene leaching. Mass- balance calculations confirm that gossan production largely is in situ and, consequently, the hypogene geochemical dispersion patterns are preserved even though the proportion of many elements decreases as intensity of weathering increases.

The problem remains of discriminating between auriferous and non-auriferous gossans, or those produced by pedological concentration of iron. Although mineral textures such as box-and ladderwork replacement and mineral pseudomorphs are useful field criteria, the most reliable guide for evaluation still is trace-element geochemistry. By use of multi-element discriminant analysis, gossans of different origins can be distinguished (along with their surface expression) from ironstones and barren lateritic soils. In regional reconnaissance studies, the evaluation of trace-element geochemistry as a discriminant along with field mapping may indicate gold potential of even extremely altered products of mineralization and, in so doing, provide a basis for the classification of weathered samples.     

Sulfide Remobilisation from Sulfide Ore at High Temperatures and Differential Stresses: An Experimental Approach

We conducted experiments to simulate sulfide remobilisation from sulfide ore. The starting material was from the Hongtoushan massive sulfide deposit, NE China, and is composed of pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, quartz, and silicate minerals. The ore was immersed in a solution of 20 wt.% NaCl for 260 h, and then was mounted in a Changjiang 500 triaxial rock stress machine. After the experiments were performed for 13 h at temperatures of 362, 464, 556 and 682°C, with corresponding confining and axial pressures, the samples were cooled at room temperatures. Our results from all the runs indicate that sulfides can be remobilised both mechanically and chemically, and that remobilisation is enhanced at higher temperatures. Mechanical remobilisation can only take place over limited distances and results in minor differentiation between various sulfide minerals. Distant external remobilisation to form new orebodies is most likely caused by chemical remobilisation. In contrast to plastically deformed areas, space resulting from cataclastic deformation could provide conduits for fluid transport and space for metal precipitation. Remobilised iron sulfides will precipitate as pyrrhotite at high temperatures, but as pyrite when temperature decreases. Furthermore, chalcopyrite is more easily remobilised than sphalerite under the conditions of the present experiments. Remobilisation accompanying deformation and metamorphism may add epigenetic features to syngenetic deposits.     

Mineralogical and chemical characterization of wastes from the sulfuric acid industry in Falun, Sweden

 Wastes from the sulfuric acid industry are an environmental concern, because of the emission of acids, heavy metals, and sulfate to the environment. The wastes in Falun consist of 70–80% iron oxides, 10–20% silicates, less than 10% residual sulfides, and small amounts of secondary precipitates (iron hydroxides and Fe-, Zn- and Cu-sulfates). Due to the different behavior of sulfides during the roasting process, pyrrhotite and sphalerite are the major sulfide residues associated with lesser amounts of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena. The leachates are low-pH and enriched in Zn, Fe, and SO₄. The acid ferric Fe-rich solution promotes the dissolution of sphalerite and favors the formation of Pb-sulfate coatings on galena, providing an armoring effect which slows down the further oxidation of the galena. The residual sulfides are the potential source for acid generation and metal release. During the roasting process, iron oxides retain small amounts of sulfur and sphalerite forms alteration rims containing Zn-oxides. The iron oxides and Zn-oxides are important contributors to SO₄ and Zn in the leachates. The conditions in the waste deposit are favorable for the precipitation of Zn-, Cu-Fe-sulfates (e.g. gunningite, chalcanthite, Zn-copiapite). The highly soluble sulfates play important roles in controlling the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn, and SO₄ in the leachates. The mineralogical and geochemical data help to develop the reclamation strategies of this type of industrial wastes. Received: 26 April 1996 · Accepted: 27 July 1996     

常见硫化物的氧化作用及其环境效应

自然或人为采矿活动暴露的硫化物矿物的氧化作用，常产生一定范围的次生地球化学异常和严重的环境污染，在黄铁矿，方铅矿，闪锌矿，毒砂等硫化物矿物氧化过程中，S，Pb,Cd,As等有害元素将被有效释放而进入水体，并通过大气－水－土壤－植物－动物等途径危害人类。