塔河地区奥陶系鹰山组储层特征及其主控因素

塔河地区奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩是塔里木盆地重要的勘探开发目标,分析其储层特征和成因对深层油气勘探具有显著的指导意义。本文基于塔河地区岩心、岩屑、测井和地震等资料,分析了鹰山组碳酸盐岩储层的岩石类型、储集空间类型和储层类型等,对影响鹰山组储层发育的地质因素进行了系统总结,并依此总结了其储层发育的规律和模式。研究认为：鹰山组碳酸盐岩主要以亮晶颗粒灰岩、颗粒泥晶灰岩和泥晶灰岩为主;储集空间以粒间孔隙、晶间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙、裂缝和溶洞为主;储层类型多样,包括裂缝型储层、孔洞型储层、裂缝-孔隙型储层和裂缝-溶洞型储层等。鹰山组储层是古地形、沉积作用和成岩作用等共同作用的结果。其中：古地形是储层发育的背景,沉积期和表生期的古地形具有不同的作用;沉积作用是储层形成的基础,不同沉积相带岩石孔渗差异明显;成岩作用控制了储层的形成,最关键的成岩作用是溶蚀作用和破裂作用,多期多次多类溶蚀作用是储层形成的关键,破裂作用促进了储层的形成。     

顺北地区中下奥陶统埋深碳酸盐岩储集体特征及成因

为明确储集体特征及其成因,利用岩心及薄片观察、X衍射、物性测试、阴极发光和Sr同位素测试等技术手段对塔里木盆地顺北地区不同断裂带位置典型井碳酸盐岩储集体储集空间影响因素进行分析。研究表明,储集体岩性以砂屑泥晶灰岩、泥晶砂屑灰岩和泥晶灰岩为主,储集空间类型包括洞穴、裂缝和孔洞,充填物类型主要为方解石、沥青和石英。其中：方解石胶结最为常见、分布广泛,存在2~3期胶结;沥青和石英在不同储集空间内差异明显,前者仅在裂缝系统内充填,后者几乎全部充填于溶蚀孔洞内。顺北地区一间房组和鹰山组上段储集体类型主要为裂缝型和裂缝-孔洞型,储集体形成主要受断裂-裂缝体系和流体性质、来源及规模影响。断裂-裂缝体系直接控制裂缝型储集体的发育,可提高储集体渗透性并为流体或油气的充注提供通道,是储集体发育的主要控制因素;在断裂通道背景下,流体对储集体的溶蚀作用也会影响储集体的发育,其中碱性富钙流体对研究区储集体发育影响最大,酸性富硅和成烃流体总体规模有限,仅在局部对储集体进行改造。     

Formation and Distribution of Deep High Quality Reservoirs of Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Northern Slope of the Tazhong Area in Tarim Basin

塔中地区是塔里木盆地的重点勘探区域,奥陶系鹰山组蕴藏了丰富的油气资源.鹰山组发育大套台地相碳酸盐岩,以高能相的台内滩沉积为主.鹰山组埋藏较深,但岩溶储层呈大面积厚层状分布.早奥陶世塔中Ⅰ号断裂使得塔中隆起隆升并遭受强烈剥蚀形成下奥陶统鹰山组顶部风化壳,以孔洞型和裂缝-孔洞型储层为主.通过古地貌恢复、地震属性分析和地震测井联合波阻抗反演技术和方法识别溶洞发育带和断层裂缝发育带,确定出有利储层的分布范围.研究认为,岩性岩相是岩溶型储层发育的重要基础,层间岩溶控制了储层的成层性和横向展布规模,断裂和裂缝网络是岩溶水的主要渗滤通道,埋藏岩溶形成大量有效的缝洞空间,极大地提高了储集性能.研究发现,优质储层主要分布在鹰山组顶面以下120 m地层厚度范围内,横向有一定连通性,在断层、构造裂缝和溶蚀作用下形成统一的储集体,呈准层状展布.     

塔里木盆地塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组深部优质岩溶储层的形成与分布

塔中地区是塔里木盆地的重点勘探区域,奥陶系鹰山组蕴藏了丰富的油气资源。鹰山组发育大套台地相碳酸盐岩,以高能相的台内滩沉积为主。鹰山组埋藏较深,但岩溶储层呈大面积厚层状分布。早奥陶世塔中I号断裂使得塔中隆起隆升并遭受强烈剥蚀形成下奥陶统鹰山组顶部风化壳,以孔洞型和裂缝-孔洞型储层为主。通过古地貌恢复、地震属性分析和地震测井联合波阻抗反演技术和方法识别溶洞发育带和断层裂缝发育带,确定出有利储层的分布范围。研究认为,岩性岩相是岩溶型储层发育的重要基础,层间岩溶控制了储层的成层性和横向展布规模,断裂和裂缝网络是岩溶水的主要渗滤通道,埋藏岩溶形成大量有效的缝洞空间,极大地提高了储集性能。研究发现,优质储层主要分布在鹰山组顶面以下120m地层厚度范围内,横向有一定连通性,在断层、构造裂缝和溶蚀作用下形成统一的储集体,呈准层状展布。     

塔北哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系鹰山组—一间房组岩溶储层特征及成因模式

塔里木盆地北部哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系岩溶型储层油气勘探近年来获得了重大突破,其主要勘探目的层系为鹰山组—一间房组碳酸盐岩,进一步深化碳酸盐岩岩溶储层认识对于加快塔里木盆地海相油气勘探具有重要意义。在分析区域地质背景的基础上,结合钻井、岩心、测井、地震等资料,对研究区鹰山组—一间房组岩溶储层特征以及储层发育主控因素和成因演化模式进行了深入研究。研究认为,鹰山组—一间房组岩溶储层基质孔渗条件差,基质孔隙不能单独成为有利的油气储集空间,储层储集空间主要为溶蚀孔洞以及裂缝系统。储层经历的岩溶作用类型主要有(准)同生岩溶作用、风化岩溶作用以及埋藏热液岩溶作用等,各种岩溶作用的多期叠加改造使得鹰山组—一间房组岩溶储层极为发育。通过对储层成因过程的研究分析,认为构造隆升为岩溶储层的发育提供了有利条件并控制了储层发育格局;多期岩溶作用是形成岩溶储层的关键因素;断裂及裂缝的发育促进了岩溶储层的形成并改善了储层的储集性能。     

塔河油田奥陶系中统一间房组沉积特征及储集特征

运用沉积地质及层序地层对塔河油田南部奥陶系中统一间房组发育的一套碳酸盐岩进行分析,结果表明:从岩石组合特征上可分为上下两段,下段为(砂)砾屑灰岩 藻鲕灰岩 鲕粒灰岩,底栖生物丰富;上段为海绵礁灰岩 藻粘结灰岩,生物骨架灰岩及斑状砾屑灰岩.纵向上,构成了一个建滩沉积序列和一个造礁沉积序列,沉积环境为台地浅滩-台内礁.沉积微相为开阔碳酸盐台地,包括海绵礁、浅滩及滩间;储渗空间以溶蚀孔隙、溶蚀孔洞、溶蚀洞穴和裂缝等为主.塔河油田南部一间房组碳酸盐岩经历的海西早期岩溶也叠加了加里东中期第一幕岩溶的影响,(准)同沉积期加里东中期第一幕岩溶,对一间房组酸盐岩储集性改善具重要意义.     

塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统储层岩石学及储集空间特征

应用野外工作和室内研究相结合的方法,从储层的岩石学和储集空间等角度对塔中地区储层特征进行了研究。研究表明,研究区内良里塔格组灰岩段岩性主要为颗粒灰岩、骨架礁灰岩、藻粘结灰岩、泥晶灰岩、岩溶角砾岩等,其中颗粒灰岩大多经历了多期多成因成岩作用改造,裂缝较为发育;泥晶灰岩中多期压溶作用和白云石化作用较为常见;藻粘结灰岩受成岩作用改造相对最弱。宏观储集空间主要包括大型溶洞、孔洞及裂缝,其中孔洞多呈孤立、稀疏并沿裂缝分布;构造缝是裂缝的主要类型。微观储集空间主要包括溶孔和微裂缝,其中溶孔主要发育在亮晶颗粒灰岩中,可细分为粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔、晶间溶孔、铸模孔、溶蚀骨架孔、残余粒间孔及沿裂缝扩溶形成的溶孔,粒间溶孔所占比例最高。埋藏期溶蚀作用发育期次多,规模大,分布广泛,对储层物性的改善和油气聚集的影响最为明显。     

塔里木盆地西克尔露头区鹰山组古岩溶特征及其储层意义

鹰山组上段因主要发育岩溶型储层而成为塔里木盆地奥陶系的重要含油气层,但因钻井资料的局限储层特征难以精确揭示。塔里木盆地西缘西克尔地区经历了多期构造运动,发育了多期不整合之下的表生岩溶作用,出露的鹰山组发育丰富的古岩溶现象,为研究鹰山组岩溶储层特征和揭示岩溶储层成因规律提供了良好的条件。通过野外剖面和室内薄片观察和描述,识别出了大型溶洞及其充填物、小型溶孔以及构造裂缝和溶蚀缝等。强烈的表生岩溶作用形成的溶洞和角砾岩可直接形成溶洞型储层;小型溶孔广泛发育,常与溶蚀缝伴生形成孔洞型或缝洞型储层;多期构造裂缝叠加在岩溶储层之上,能显著提升储层的渗透性。结合岩相分析表明,颗粒灰岩中溶孔的发育密度要明显高于泥晶灰岩;同时溶蚀缝和构造裂缝也更易发生在颗粒含量高的灰岩中,从而形成裂缝型和孔洞缝复合型有利储层。     

塔里木盆地卡塔克隆起卡1三维区块奥陶系鹰山组储层特征与影响因素

奥陶系鹰山组一直是塔里木盆地油气勘探的重点层位。综合运用岩心、薄片、成像测井、分析测试以及三维地震资料,对鹰山组储层特征以及影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:鹰山组整体岩性以粉-细晶白云岩,砂屑灰岩,灰质白云岩为主,储集空间以溶蚀孔洞、裂缝为主;上部为风化壳岩溶储层,溶孔-裂缝发育,中下部为裂缝性储层,裂缝发育,纵向上具有上孔下缝特征,储层非均质性强;加里东中期I幕运动形成的构造不整合面是该区岩溶储层发育的重要因素;加里东中期—早海西期形成的断裂和构造裂缝是该区储层发育的关键;早二叠世时期与火山作用伴生的岩溶烘烤以及埋藏溶蚀作用对储层发育具有积极作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系盐下白云岩储层特征、成因及分布

奥陶系盐下白云岩储层是鄂尔多斯盆地中东部天然气勘探的重要接替领域。基于钻井岩心、微观薄片、物性分析及地球化学特征等资料,应用微区多参数实验分析方法,对奥陶系盐下白云岩储层特征、成因与分布开展了系统研究。结果表明:①奥陶系盐下主要发育颗粒滩白云岩和微生物白云岩储层,其中颗粒滩白云岩储层岩性为砂屑白云岩、鲕粒白云岩和粉—细晶白云岩,储集空间由溶蚀孔洞、粒间孔、晶间(溶)孔和裂缝组成,平均孔隙度为6.04%;微生物白云岩储层岩性为凝块石白云岩,储集空间为溶蚀孔洞和微裂缝,平均孔隙度为5.64%。②奥陶系盐下白云岩储层孔隙来源于对颗粒滩和微生物丘中原生孔隙的继承,并经受了溶蚀作用、白云石化作用,以及膏盐矿物、石英、细—中晶白云石与方解石等充填作用的改造。③有利储层主要分布于中央古隆起、横山隆起及乌审旗坳陷中的低凸起带上。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of