山东省胶莱盆地东北缘宋家沟金矿地质特征及其成因初探

山东省宋家沟金矿位于胶莱盆地东北缘,产于莱阳群林寺山组断裂破碎带中.牟—即断裂带为切割莱阳群的断裂,对金矿起控制作用.早白垩纪晚期的火山—岩浆活动为深部含金热液的运移提供了通道,并在其有利的构造部位沉淀成矿.稀土元素特征和氧、硫同位素特征亦说明宋家沟金矿的物质来源以深源为主(幔源及下地壳中的金),是早白垩世晚期的火山—岩浆活动作用的结果.     

山东省胶莱盆地东北缘宋家沟金矿地质特征及其成因初探

山东省宋家沟金矿位于胶莱盆地东北缘 ,产于莱阳群林寺山组断裂破碎带中。牟—即断裂带为切割莱阳群的断裂 ,对金矿起控制作用。早白垩纪晚期的火山—岩浆活动为深部含金热液的运移提供了通道 ,并在其有利的构造部位沉淀成矿。稀土元素特征和氧、硫同位素特征亦说明宋家沟金矿的物质来源以深源为主 (幔源及下地壳中的金 ) ,是早白垩世晚期的火山—岩浆活动作用的结果。     

山东省胶莱盆地东北缘宋家沟金矿地质特征及其成因初探

山东省宋家沟金矿位于胶莱盆地东北缘，产于莱阳群体寺山组断裂破碎带中。牟－即断裂带为切割莱阳群的断裂，对金矿起控制作用。早白垩纪晚期的火山－岩浆活动为深部含金热液的运移提供了通道，并在其有利的构造部位沉淀成矿。稀土元素特征和氧、硫同位素特征亦说明宋家沟金矿的物质来源以深源为主（幔源及下地壳中的金），是早白垩世晚期的火山－岩浆活动作用的结果。     

烟台市牟平区宋家沟金矿床成因及找矿方向

宋家沟金矿产于早白垩世莱阳群砾岩中，为受断裂、裂隙密集带控制的蚀变砾岩型金矿床。该金矿床为一隐伏矿床，与产于盆缘的蓬家夼蚀变岩型金矿的成矿条件相似，控矿的主导因素为断裂构造，成矿时代为中生代燕山晚期。     

沂沭断裂中段莱阳群浊积地层的特征及意义

沂沭断裂中段的石场—中楼一带,存在受北北东向断裂控制的早白垩世莱阳群火山碎屑岩系。沉积厚度大于６２６３．７１ｍ,主体为火山碎屑浊积岩,层序结构以间断不完整的鲍马序列为主,形成于沂沭断裂强烈活动的构造背景。在综合盆地边界断裂的构造形迹、盆地沉积中心的迁移状态以及浊积地层沉积特征的基础上,讨论了莱阳群浊积地层形成与郯庐断裂早白垩世走滑运动的关系。     

黑龙江呼玛西部金矿成矿条件及成矿规律

呼玛西部经历了复杂的地质发展过程,构造活动强烈,岩浆活动频繁,金成矿条件极为有利。中元古界兴华渡口群火山碎屑沉积建造为金矿源层。金矿化的形成及分布受东西、北东向断裂控制,金矿化总体呈东西向。成因类型为岩浆热液和火山热液型。主要成矿时代为华力西和燕山期。     

苏鲁地体折返与郯庐断裂活动:莱阳盆地中生界碎屑锆石年代学的制约

胶莱盆地位于苏鲁造山带的北缘,其莱阳群沉积对反演郯庐断裂和苏鲁造山带中生代的折返过程具有重要的制约作用。本文利用LA-ICP-MS方法对莱阳盆地的莱阳群碎屑岩和青山群火山岩进行锆石U-Pb年龄测定,分析其年龄谱特征,探讨其沉积物源区,进而为苏鲁造山带的折返机制提供依据。(1)莱阳盆地发育莱阳群和青山群为代表的中生代沉积岩,锆石年龄测试得到莱阳群形成时代为125±0.6Ma;青山群形成时代为119±1Ma,表明两者都是早白垩世中-晚期的沉积产物;(2)超高压带北缘莱阳盆地与合肥盆地的碎屑锆石年龄谱对比表明,莱阳盆地的沉积物无论沉积时代还是物源区均明显不同与郯庐断裂西侧的合肥盆地,表明郯庐断裂应该形成于两个盆地形成之前,可能为三叠纪-早侏罗世之间;(3)莱阳盆地内发育大量的华北型碎屑物质,进一步表明在扬子大陆板块俯冲过程中华北板块曾经仰冲到扬子板块之上;(4)莱阳盆地发育少量的新元古代岩浆和印支期变质锆石的年龄,表明早白垩世苏鲁超高压变质岩已经折返到地表;(5)超高压变质岩与中生代岩浆岩同时作为莱阳盆地的物源,结合五莲拆离断层的同期活动和莱阳盆地的同时代沉积,说明苏鲁超高压带中生代的折返具有与变质核杂岩类似的大型伸展构造背景。     

胶莱盆地砾岩型金矿的发现及经济地质意义

１砾岩型金矿的发现及特征近期作者在山东省牟平宋家沟—发云夼地段,发现了砾岩型金矿。金矿位于胶莱盆地东北端。赋矿围岩为灰色、深灰色及灰黑色砾岩及砂质砾岩,地层属下白垩统莱阳群一段,是一套不整合在胶东地块前寒武系基底变质杂岩之上以巨砾、砾石为主的粗碎屑岩...     

黑龙江省老柞山金矿成矿模式探讨

老柞山金矿经历了早、晚两期成矿地质作用。通过对矿质来源、控矿构造、流体特征、成矿时代等控矿因素的分析 ,确定早期成矿作用为中高温热液蚀变岩型 ,矿体受北西西—东西向张性断裂控制 ,成矿年龄为 (2 39± 34 )Ma,与华力西晚期的岩浆活动有关 ;晚期成矿作用为中温热液充填脉型 ,矿体受北北西—北西向压扭性断裂控制 ,其成因与燕山期的岩浆活动有关。两期成矿作用的成矿物质主要来自于上地幔 ,并有部分壳源物质的加入。     

沂沭断裂中段莱阳群浊积地层的特征及意义

沂沐断裂中段的石场－中楼一带,存在受北北东向断裂控制的早白垩世莱阳群火山碎屑岩系。沉积厚度大于６２６３．７１ｍ,主体为火山碎屑浊积岩,层序结构以间断不完整的鲍马序列为主,形成于沂沭断裂强烈活动的构造背景。在综合盆地边界断裂的构造形迹,盆地沉积中心的迁移状态以及浊积地层沉积特征的基础上,讨论了莱阳群浊积地层形成与郯庐断裂早白垩世走滑运动的关系。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).