粘滞阻尼耗能连梁的超高层结构减震性能研究

连梁作为剪力墙结构中的抗震第一道防线,其承载力和耗能能力对整体结构的抗震性能有重要影响。本文提出在连梁中附设粘滞阻尼器,利用阻尼器发生竖向剪切变形而耗能。结合实际工程研究粘滞阻尼耗能连梁的性能,采用ETABS和PERFORM-3D软件对粘滞阻尼耗能连梁结构与传统连梁结构进行有限元模拟对比分析,并对粘滞阻尼耗能连梁的各项最优参数进行研究。结果表明:粘滞阻尼耗能连梁充分发挥耗能作用,整体结构具有良好的抗震性能,与传统连梁结构相比,主体结构的弹性耗能得到明显降低。平面布置方式、竖向布置方式、阻尼器参数的选取对附设粘滞阻尼耗能连梁的框架-核心筒结构减震效果影响较大,合理选择这些参数可以使耗能结构减震效果最优。     

形状记忆合金(SMA)被动耗能减震体系的设计及参数分析

本文探讨了基于形状记忆合金超弹性特性的被动耗能减震体系的设计方法,编制了形状记忆合金被动耗能减震体系在大震下的弹塑性反应分析程序.采用该程序,分析了SMA耗能装置的设计参数对结构地震反应的影响,给出了参数的合理取值范围.最后,还讨论了SMA被动耗能装置的布置方式对多自由度结构减震效果的影响.     

D型耗能器偏心支撑结构的抗震性能试验研究

偏心支撑结构是一种高烈度地震区高层建筑钢结构合理的抗侧力体系,本文针对目前偏心支撑结构存在的不足,提出一种新型的框架支撑形式——耗能器偏心支撑;并将该单斜杆(D型)耗能器偏心支撑与支撑斜杆上不加设耗能器的D型偏心支撑结构进行了对比试验。验证了该新型框架支撑形式不仅可以减少耗能梁段吸收的地震能量,而且可以减小耗能梁段的破坏程度,从而减少震后修复工作量;它具有很好的变形能力和足够的抗侧移能力。文中同时给出了设计方法,并提出了改进措施。     

聚合阻尼耗能减震结构理论模型及振动台试验

提出一种高层减震结构体系,将核心筒与外框架采用柔性滑动连接,并集中设置聚合阻尼减震系统,充分利用内部核心筒和外框架的侧向变形差耗散地震能量;建立了聚合阻尼减震结构的简化质点系模型,并得到地震作用下的位移传递公式;完成了模型结构的振动台模型试验,验证了聚合阻尼耗能减震结构的减震效果;最后通过工程算例分析得到了聚合阻尼耗能减震结构内核心筒、外框架的地震响应和减震效果,进一步探讨了地震作用下不同结构体系的塑性损伤状态,理论和试验研究结果表明聚合阻尼耗能减震结构可有效控制结构构件的塑性损伤。     

高层拟粘滞摩擦耗能结构的试验与参数研究

首先对一座安装有拟粘滞摩擦耗能器的１：８的１６层三跨钢结构模型、该结构未装耗能器的空框架以及装有普通支撑的框架模型进行了振动台地震模拟试验和动力特性试验,试验结果表明拟粘滞摩擦耗能器有良好的减振效果。然后对影响耗能体系减振效果的主要参数进行了数值研究,讨论了支撑刚度、初始起滑力和耗能器接触刚度对减振效果的影响。     

新型耗能(阻尼)减震器的开发与研究

本文阐述了耗能减震的概念和原理,提出了耗能减震器设计的新思想,研制开发了多种新型实用耗能（阻尼）减震器,并对其中的圆环耗能器、双环耗能器、架颈圆环耗能器、弹塑性－摩擦复合耗能器等进行了循环荷载试验,考察了耗能器代作性能和耗能性能,对已装与未装耗能减震器的钢筋混凝土框架模型进行了伪动力对比实验,进一步考察了耗能减震器的减震效果。在试验研究的基础上,地耗能（阻尼）减震结构体系的分析方法进行了研究,并编     

增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构抗震性能试验研究

提出一种组合型减震结构,由钢框架、节点阻尼器和原结构连接组成,外附钢框架将节点阻尼器连接在原混凝土框架结构上形成的增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构,节点阻尼器的剪切滞回变形可以减小结构自身需要消耗的能量,从而提高原结构抗震性能。对原混凝土结构和增设节点阻尼器的组合型结构进行了的振动台试验。通过分析结构在不同地震波激励下的加速度和位移响应,得出楼层加速度和层位移的减震效果。研究结果表明:该结构体系在小震作用下通过提高结构刚度来增强其抗震性能;在大震作用下则可借助节点阻尼器的变形耗能来提升结构耗能能力,结构加速度减震系数达到53%,层间位移减震系数高达72%,验证了增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构的减震效果。     

采用耗能减震装置修复震后有损伤钢筋混凝土框架的试验研究

本文通过地震模拟振动台试验研究用耗能减震装置修复后震后有损伤钢筋混凝土框架的效果和可行性，文中制作了两层和三层两座钢筋混凝土剪切型框架，首先进行了地震损伤模拟试验，其次提出了震后有损伤结构的参数识别方法，修复准则和修复用耗能减震装置的设计准则；在此基础上，采用了软钢屈服型耗能器驿两座试验框架在地震损伤后进行修复，并再次对修复后的框架模型进行地震模拟试验，证实了采用这种修复措施可以恢复震后有损伤结构     

SMA复合支座-巨型框架结构体系减震效果分析

在研究形状记忆合金（SMA）绞线-叠层橡胶复合支座基础上,本文提出了SMA复合支座-巨型框架减震结构体系,建立了SMA复合支座-巨型框架减震结构体系的计算模型和运动方程,研究了该结构的动力反应特性,并将其与普通巨型框架结构、应用普通橡胶支座巨型框架结构进行了非线性时程对比分析。结果表明,SMA复合支座-巨型框架减震结构体系能有效地减小结构的地震响应,同时避免了地震时主次结构之间产生碰撞破坏。     

巨型框架-支撑结构的非线性地震反应分析

巨型框架-支撑结构体系是一种新型的巨型结构体系,是在吸取巨型框架结构体系和巨型桁架结构体系优点的基础上被提出的。对巨型框架-支撑结构进行了罕遇地震下的弹塑性时程分析。结果表明,巨型框架-支撑结构的动力性能优越,是一种高效的巨型结构体系。     

钢筋砼摩擦耗能支撑框架结构的单元刚度和力学模型分析

为研究钢筋砼摩擦耗能支撑框架结构的动力反应性能 ,对其中的摩擦耗能器单元和框架杆单元的单元刚度和力学模型做了分析。钢筋砼摩擦耗能支撑单元由支撑杆单元和钢板—橡胶摩擦耗能器单元组成 ,支撑单元可取空间杆单元 ,摩擦耗能器单元为平面应力矩形单元。摩擦耗能器单元的剪切恢复力曲线为理想的弹塑性曲线 ,根据耗能器单元的力学模型 ,可确定其在每一时刻的刚度 ;框架结构空间杆单元的恢复力模型采用双线型模型 ,根据杆单元的力学模型 ,可确定其在每一时刻的刚度。并利用所编制的程序对十层单榀两跨空间普通框架和摩擦耗能支撑框架在地震作用下进行了弹塑性反应时程分析 ,结果表明耗能支撑框架的顶层最大位移明显小于普通框架     

防屈曲开斜槽耗能钢板剪力墙的滞回性能分析

防屈曲开斜槽耗能钢板剪力墙（简称开斜槽剪力墙）是通过在钢板上开设一定数量斜槽,并在其两侧外挂混凝土板而形成的一种新型高层钢结构抗侧耗能构件。根据开斜槽钢板剪力墙的承载机制,采用理论推导的方法得到其承载力计算公式,利用ANSYS有限元方法对开斜槽剪力墙进行模拟,并通过改变不同参数验证了计算公式的准确性。同时,采用ANSYS建立有限元模型,对开斜槽剪力墙和普通薄钢板剪力墙的滞回性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,在提供足够约束（钢板与混凝土板间隙适宜,混凝土板厚度足够）的前提下,相对于普通薄钢板剪力墙,开斜槽剪力墙改善了钢板的捏缩现象,具有更稳定的耗能能力。     

轴向布置金属阻尼器力学性能研究

基于当前金属屈服消能器的应用特点和使用限制,提出一种轴向布置的金属阻尼器,其主要构造特征为耗能钢板直接与连接钢支撑组合,使得支撑与阻尼器组合为单一减震构件,解决了金属阻尼器需要斜撑对称布置的技术问题。推导了轴向布置金属阻尼器的屈服承载力、刚度计算公式;进行了构件的低周往复荷载试验,得到了轴向布置金属阻尼器的滞回曲线和骨架曲线,试验结果验证了有限元分析结果的准确性。同时,试验结果表明:轴向布置的金属阻尼器具有良好的延性和稳定的滞回性能。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对12组不同参数的轴向布置金属阻尼器进行数值模拟,研究了耗能板的不同布置方式、数量、耗能形式对阻尼器力学性能的影响,结果表明,耗能板宽厚比是轴向布置金属阻尼器滞回性能的最主要影响因素。     

Development of a novel sacrificial-energy dissipation outrigger system for tall buildings

The frame-core tube-outrigger structural system is widely used in tall buildings, in which outriggers coordinate the deformation between the core tube and the moment frame, leading to a larger structural lateral stiffness. Existing studies indicate that outriggers can be designed as “fuses” of tall buildings through dissipating seismic energy after yielding, to protect the main structure. To date, both conventional and buckling-restrained brace (BRB) outriggers have been applied in practice. Subjected to the maximum considered earthquake (MCE), the hardening effect of BRB outriggers increases the damage of other structural components. Meanwhile, conventional outriggers are difficult to repair, owing to the local buckling-induced severe deterioration and damage. To overcome these problems, this study proposes a novel sacrificial-energy dissipation outrigger (SEDO) to improve the seismic resilience of tall buildings. The chords of SEDO are made of high-strength steel and remain elastic. The inclined braces of the SEDO are composed of a sacrificial part and an energy-dissipating part. Therefore, the SEDO remains elastic under design-based earthquakes (DBEs) and dissipates inelastic energy under MCEs. Moreover, the detailing of this novel SEDO is proposed on the basis of experimental studies. The optimal strength ratio between the sacrificial part and the energy-dissipating part is determined in the range of 6:4 to 4:6 on the basis of nonlinear time history analyses (THAs) and parametric studies. Afterwards, the SEDOs are used in an actual tall building to verify their seismic performances through nonlinear THAs. The results indicate the proposed SEDO is able to protect other structural components and effectively improve the seismic resilience of tall buildings.     

七层钢筋混凝土异型柱支撑框架结构模型振动台试验研究

七层钢筋混凝土异型柱支撑框架结构体系的模型，缩尺比为１：３，在振动台上进行了模拟地震动试验，结果表明：该体系的抗震性能较好，可使斜杆在预估地震强度的作用下先开裂并继续工作，从而减轻主体结构的地震破坏。并指出，该体系应进一步实现抗裂抗倒双重设防准则与其设计方法，研究发挥支撑的消能减震作用。这种抗震结构体系，已在天津市的轻质节能建筑中采用。     

一种新的巨型-子结构控制体系在非平稳地震作用下的反应分析

本文研究了一种新的控制结构体系——巨型-子结构控制体系。根据控振结构体系的特点和通过对该结构的变形分析:主框架采用弯曲模型,而次框架采用剪切模型的集中质量模型,据此推导了控振结构的运动方程。利用复模态方法,对它和普通巨型框架结构进行了2种非平稳地震作用下的对比分析。研究结构表明:这种新的结构体系能有效控制地震响应,结构安全性和舒适度均有明显提高。     

Hybrid testing and modeling of a suspended zipper steel frame

An analytical and experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the seismic performance of a three‐story suspended zipper steel frame. The frame was concentrically braced and had zipper struts to transfer the unbalanced forces induced on the beams due to the buckling of the lower‐story braces. The experimental study was conducted with the hybrid test technique, in which only the bottom‐story braces of the three‐story frame were physically tested, while the behavior of the rest of the frame was modeled using a general structural analysis software. The paper discusses issues pertinent to the calibration of the computer model for the analytical substructure as well as for the entire frame, including the selection of an appropriate damping matrix, and the modeling of the buckling behavior of the braces and bracing connections. The analytical model of the entire frame was validated with the hybrid tests and was able to accurately capture the material and geometric nonlinearities that developed when the braces yielded and buckled. This study has demonstrated the usefulness of hybrid testing in improving analytical models and modeling assumptions and providing information that cannot be obtained from an analytical study alone. The results have shown that the suspended zipper frame can distribute the brace nonlinearity over the first two stories as intended in the design and will not have catastrophic failure under the design‐level earthquakes considered in this study, despite the significant inelastic deformations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Substructure design optimization and nonlinear responses control analysis of the mega-sub controlled structural system(MSCSS) under earthquake action

The newly proposed mega sub-controlled structure system(MSCSS) and related studies have drawn the attention of civil engineers for practice in improving the performance and enhancing the structural effectiveness of mega frame structures. However, there is still a need for improvement to its basic structural arrangement. In this project, an advanced, reasonable arrangement of mega sub-controlled structure models, composed of three mega stories with different numbers and arrangements of substructures, are designed to investigate the control performance of the models and obtain the optimal model configuration(model with minimum acceleration and displacement responses) under strong earthquake excitation. In addition, the dynamic parameters that affect the performance effectiveness of the optimal model of MSCSS are studied and discussed. The area of the relative stiffness ratio RD, with different mass ratio MR, within which the acceleration and displacement of the optimal model of MSCSS reaches its optimum(minimum) value is considered as an optimum region. It serves as a useful tool in practical engineering design. The study demonstrates that the proposed MSCSS configuration can efficiently control the displacement and acceleration of high rise buildings. In addition, some analytical guidelines are provided for selecting the control parameters of the structure.     

SMA-VED混合自复位支撑钢框架地震易损性与风险分析

本文提出了一种新型形状记忆合金（Shape Memory Alloy,SMA）-黏弹性阻尼器（ViscoelasticDamper,VED）自复位支撑,设计了普通预应力筋自复位支撑钢框架与SMA-VED自复位支撑钢框架。采用组合模型以及改进材料模型准确模拟了支撑的力学行为,详细讨论了考虑构件失效的模拟方法,通过试验确定了VED的失效应变范围,最后基于概率统计方法进行了易损性分析以及全周期风险分析。研究发现: SMA-VED自复位支撑可显著提升框架抗震性能;倒塌风险以及残余变形超越概率均显著低于普通预应力筋自复位支撑钢框架,下降比例最高超过50%。预应力筋断裂失效导致框架倒塌风险可提高5倍以上; SMA-VED自复位支撑失效会造成残余变形超越概率有所上升但幅度不大。总体来说,SMA-VED自复位支撑钢框架具备更好的地震鲁棒性。     

Shaking table tests of steel frame with superelastic Cu–Al–Mn SMA tension braces

Shaking table tests are performed on a one‐bay one‐story steel frame with superelastic Cu–Al–Mn shape memory alloy (SMA) tension braces. The frame is subjected to a series of scaled ground motions recorded during the 1995 Kobe earthquake, Japan. The test results demonstrate that the SMA braces are effective to prevent residual deformations and pinching. It is also shown that the time history responses observed from the shaking table tests agree well with the numerical predictions using a rate‐independent piecewise‐linear constitutive model calibrated to the quasi‐static component tests of the SMA braces. This suggests that the loading rate dependence of Cu–Al–Mn SMAs as well as the modeling error due to the piecewise linear approximation can be neglected in capturing the global response of the steel frame. Numerical simulations under a suite of near‐fault ground motion records are further performed using the calibrated analytical models to demonstrate the effectiveness of the SMA braces when the variability of near‐fault ground motions is taken into account. A stopper, or a deformation restraining device, is also proposed to prevent premature fracture of SMA bars in unexpectedly large ground motions while keeping the self‐centering capability in moderate to large ground motions. The effectiveness of the stopper is also demonstrated in the quasi‐static component and shaking table tests. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.