安徽池州乌谷墩银钼多金属矿床地质特征及找矿潜力

安徽池州乌谷墩银钼多金属矿床位于长江中下游成矿带贵池矿集区,属斑岩型-矽卡岩型-热液型矿床。文章研究了乌谷墩银钼多金属矿床的地质特征和成矿条件,分析该矿床的找矿潜力,按照成矿缺位理论,预测了不同类型矿体的找矿方向。乌谷墩银钼多金属矿区具有寻找中-大型多金属矿床的前景,"成矿系统分析+立体填图+钻探验证"的深部找矿思路和工作方法对该矿区及周边地区寻找盲矿体具有指导意义。     

个旧东区蚀变花岗岩型锡铜多金属矿床成矿特征及找矿意义

云南个旧东矿区西部凹陷带岩体内部蚀变花岗岩型Sn、Cu多金属矿床是近年来新发现的矿床.通过对矿床地质特征、蚀变分带特征、含矿岩体地球化学组成以及深部找矿远景的系统研究,认为该类矿床属于个旧东区花岗岩岩浆热液成矿多样性系统的组成部分,是产于花岗岩岩体边缘相-过渡相的蚀变花岗岩型多金属矿床,它属于岩浆期后中高温热液矿床.钾长石化、黄铁矿化、萤石化、电气石化与富集成矿密切相关;该类型矿床的发现使传统的"两楼一梯"成矿模式更新为"两楼一梯+地下室"的成矿模式,并对云南个旧深部找矿和接替资源补充具有重要的意义.      

青海南部尕龙格玛铜多金属矿床地质特征及找矿潜力评价

尕龙格玛铜多金属矿床位于"三江"成矿带北西段、西金乌兰-金沙江缝合带与甘孜-理塘缝合带的结合部位。矿床地质特征表明其为火山沉积-热液改造型矿床,成矿经历了火山沉积、动力变形和热液叠加3个阶段,与典型的VMS型矿床有很大的区别。精细地质-地球化学剖面测量结果显示在尕龙格玛东矿区存在3条异常峰值带,矿化富集规律表明矿区内具多个成矿元素富集中心,略显等距性分布特点。综合多元找矿信息,推断东矿区具多层矿体或矿带的展布规律,并预测东矿区内从南至北依次存在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三条矿带,为下一步探矿工程的布置指明了方向。     

兴蒙造山带东缘内生钼矿床的成因类型、成矿年代及成矿动力学背景

兴蒙造山带东缘是中国重要内生多金属成矿区,继新中国成立初期发现大型大黑山钼矿床以来,近十年来再度相继发现20余座大型、中型及小型内生钼矿床,使得该区成为中国大陆重要的钼成矿区,倍受国内外学者的关注和研究。本文以矿床地质特征为基础,在进行矿床成因分类基础上,深入讨论了成矿时代、成矿期和成矿动力学背景,这一成果为深入认识该区钼矿的区域成矿规律和未来地质找矿战略部署提供了科学     

青达斑岩型银多金属矿床地质特征与成矿模式

在斑岩型矿床中，研究较多的是斑岩型铜矿，斑岩型银多金属矿床作为一种特殊的矿床类型，目前发现较少，研究程度较低，西南三江成矿带的青达斑岩型银多金属矿床是该类型矿床较为典型的实例。笔者对该矿床重点进行野外宏观研究并结合样品分析测试之后，首次提出青达多金属矿床为斑岩型银多金属矿床，同时提出了青达矿床的“三层楼”成矿模式。并指出了矿区的找矿方向。     

云南景谷正兴铜铅锌矿地质特征、矿床成因及找矿潜力

景谷正兴铜铅锌矿床位于兰坪—思茅盆地铜铅锌银多金属矿富集区南段,地处兰坪—思茅盆地南端.矿带内兰坪盆地已经发现多处超大型、大型矿床,思茅盆地发现2处(思茅区萝卜山、宁洱厂硐)与逆冲推覆构造有关的构造热液-脉型铜铅锌银多金属矿床.矿区成矿条件优越,受兰坪—普洱中轴断裂带控制,控矿构造为兰坪—思茅中轴断裂及其东侧那箐组(P2 nq)内次级高角度张扭性断裂,含矿地层为那箐组(P2 nq)碳酸盐岩.本文总结矿床地质特征及矿床成因,进行资源潜力分析,认为本矿区成矿条件优越,矿区深部仍具找矿潜力,通过进一步工作,有望成为中—大型铜铅锌矿床的远景规模.     

广东省阳山县石寨铅锌多金属矿地质特征

阳山县石寨矿区隶属南岭钨锡多金属成矿带,属矽卡岩型铅锌多金属矿,是武警黄金九支队首次针对此类型矿床进行勘查。矿区内花岗岩体广泛与石炭系地层接触,接触带长度延伸较长,具有较好的成矿条件。已发现的矽卡岩带,受接触带构造影响,在走向与倾向上整体呈"S"型舒缓波状,铅锌矿体主要赋存于矽卡岩带中。通过物化探基础性工作,并利用钻探及槽探工程进行查证,物化探异常与已发现矿脉吻合度较高,且深部呈现铅锌多金属元素富集增高的趋势,显示了较好的找矿前景。通过对区内多金属矿床地质特征、成矿规律分析与找矿前景分析总结,为在该区深部进一步开展找矿勘探,扩大其远景规模提供了明确方向和详实的地质资料。     

内蒙古三个井金-多金属矿床地质特征及控矿条件分析

三个井金-多金属矿床位于天山-阴山巨型纬向复杂构造带北山的黄砬子-三个井近EW向挤压带东段,区内地层、构造、岩浆岩、航磁及化探异常发育．目前在矿区内已发现金-多金属矿脉20余条,共提交预测资源量（334）：金5801kg、银63009kg、铅45812t、铜2027t,矿床规模达中型以上．该矿床类型属中-低温热液蚀变岩型．通过对三个井金矿区与相邻矿区成矿地质背景、金矿床地质特征和控矿地质条件的分析,对本区金-多金属矿床的空间产出形态、成矿规律及矿床成因有了初步认识,认为黄砬子-三个井多金属矿带是寻找金-多金属热液蚀变岩型矿床的有利地带．     

朱溪矿集区横路矿区成矿条件与找矿潜力分析

横路矿区位于朱溪矿集区内,其成矿条件与世界最大钨矿床--朱溪矿床类似,目前已发现了多处找矿线索,但前期工作主要聚焦于500 m以浅,亟待探索该区深部找矿前景。本文从矿区地质、地球物理、地球化学、遥感特征及钻探验证等方面综合分析,并与朱溪矿区进行对比,发现二者在成矿地层层位、控岩控矿构造以及岩浆岩所处成岩-成矿事件等重要成矿条件上极为相似。此外,横路矿区的浅表矿化蚀变分布情况与岩脉密切相关,物化探异常及岩脉分布特征显示深部存在隐伏岩体。综合分析认为横路矿区深部找矿潜力巨大,具有找寻破碎带(热液脉)型、矽卡岩型及斑岩型铜钼金多金属矿床的良好前景。     

内蒙古赤峰市林西县北三段银铅多金属矿床成矿模式及找矿方向

内蒙古林西县北三段银铅多金属矿床是一个以银为主,并伴生有可综合利用铅、锌元素的大型矿床,矿床成因类型属于低温热液型矿床。通过对北三段银铅多金属矿床的矿区地质背景、矿床地质特征、矿体特征和矿石特征等综合调查研究,结合对矿床的成矿地质特征、成矿时代分析,并应用铅同位素探讨成矿物质来源等,提出了该矿床的成矿模式。结合该矿床的成矿模式,对该矿床及其外围地区进行成矿潜力预测;依据成矿控矿地质条件分析,提出了有利找矿靶区,认为区域内北西向断裂构造、北西向与北东向及东西向与南北向断裂构造交汇部位、与晚侏罗世末期岩浆活动有关的煌斑岩和辉绿岩等脉岩集中区域附近、北三段矿区与大井矿区之间区域以及北三段矿区深部为找矿有利部位,为进一步找矿工作提供重要理论依据。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.