地震应急测绘信息智能综合处理技术研究

地震应急测绘信息对于全面获取震区灾情,针对性援救震灾地区有着重要意义。当前针对震区的测绘信息以独立分类形式存在,缺少数据关联性,在整体信息获取上存在较大缺陷,其地震应急响应能力较差。提出地震应急测绘信息智能综合处理方法,构建地震应急联动信息服务技术平台,设计地震灾情辨识框架;通过判断地震灾情辨识框架,提取地震灾情测绘信息的特征向量,得到地震灾情信息关联规则集,引入测绘数据融合算法,将获取的地震灾情信息进行智能融合,获取地震灾害测绘情况的信息融合结果,实现地震灾情的智能综合性处理。实验结果表明,所提方法在地震应急测绘信息智能综合处理方面具备较强的信息处理与分析能力,具有较强的地震应急响应能力,为我国震后应急指挥工作提供了技术支持。     

WebGIS在地震地磁数据共享系统中的初步应用

为了实现地震地磁数据的社会资源整合和共享的目的, 利用网络、 WebGIS及数据库技术, 开发了基于网络环境的地震地磁数据共享系统; 系统实现了信息服务、 数据服务和功能服务, 改善了地震地磁数据的应用领域和应用层次。 从系统原理及功能设计、 WebGIS系统、 地震地磁数据库系统、 Web发布及数据共享子系统等几个方面阐述开发建设过程中的主要技术环节。     

A Tsunami Detection and Warning-focused Sea Level Station Metadata Web Service

Currently information used to describe sea-level stations (such as location, collection and transmission capabilities, operator identification, etc.) is distributed among databases held by multiple agencies, institutions and organizations. Such information could be used to support detection and warning. However, the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 26 December, 2004 made it clear that such information is not readily accessible, is difficult to use, and is often incomplete. In addressing this issue, agencies within the Pacific region are collaborating to develop a web service to expose station metadata enabling various types of real-time data mining client applications that support decision-making and strategic planning at Tsunami Warning Centers. Because information about sea levels has a broad range of applications, integration of this information in a way that is comprehensive, and enhances its access and use, would have a tremendous impact on lives and livelihoods.     

Three-dimensional geological modeling and its application in Digital Mine

The 3D geological modeling is the prerequisite and core foundation for Digital Mine. Although this new technology brings new opportunities and motivation for the mineral exploration industry, it still has many difficulties to be solved in this area. Based on the characteristics of mine data and the aim of Digital Mine construction, this paper introduces a theory including multi-source data coupling, multi-modeling methods integration, multi-resolution visualization and detection, and multidimensional data analysis and application. By analyzing problems such as the uncertainty in each step of the modeling process, we designed a novel modeling method that can be applied to the complex geological body modeling, mineral resource/reserve estimation, and the mining exploration engineering. Along with the process of mine exploration, development, and reclamation, 3D modeling undergoes the process of “construction-simulation-revision” during which the 3D model is able to be dynamically updated and gradually improved. Based on the result of practical utilization, it is proven that the methodology introduced by this paper can be used to build an effective 3D model by fully using the mining data under the control of spatial information quality evaluation. Our experiments show that such a 3D model can be used to evaluate the mine resource and provide the scientific evidence to improve mining efficiency during the various stages of evolvement process in mine.     

基于SOA的蒸发岩盆地岩性判别系统

蒸发岩盆地岩性判别系统是用来对测井数据进行处理得出地下有利于成盐地层岩性的解释性系统,由于岩性判别使用的岩性数据库、测井数据库、专家知识库等分布在全国各地,数据结构和维护系统均不相同,难以实现实时的岩性判别.本文建立了蒸发岩盆地岩性判别模型,提出了基于面向服务体系结构的数据存储、数据处理、应用服务、业务流程、客户应用等五层岩性判别系统框架,通过地学Web服务组件将多种分布式的地学数据融合起来协同工作.以羊塔5井测井数据作为基础,验证系统实现了分布式岩性判别的任务,并给出了判别结果,为以后地学领域构建多源、异构的分布式地学数据集成和服务共享提供了一种新型的实现模式.     

基于开源WebGIS的地震活动性分析平台

针对地震活动性研究对空间可视化软件的应用需求,研制了基于Web服务的地震活动性分析平台。设计了系统的体系结构,采用开源的WebGIS服务器Geoserver和OpenLayers客户端技术,实现了WebGIS服务与Web服务的集成。系统在B/S模式下工作,用户通过浏览器使用系统提供的服务,提供交互式图形用户界面,地图配置选项,区域选择工具、测距工具等。支持对地震进行空间和时间维度的分析,实现了地震、断层、政区等多种地理要素的空间可视化;利用WebGL技术实现了断层的3D模拟;支持多种地震参数时间序列分析方法;提供对图层进行配置、控制、选区和测量的功能接口;提供了丰富的交互式属性查询接口。      

基于可视化技术的地震信息服务系统设计与实现

本文设计的地震信息服务系统,通过对地震信息、多监测台网分布、城镇空间分布和人口热力数据进行充分整合,基于可视化技术Echarts实现了国家、省、市三级地震信息活动大屏可视化、地震震情信息和历史地震统计等功能,并通过Kafka分布式数据处理技术,优化整合现有地震信息数据资源,提升信息服务实效性和可靠性;系统部署在公有云计算平台,用户无需部署系统就可获取相关数据,提供了更便捷的地震信息服务,为政府和应急管理部门提供高效、标准的地震信息服务,提升面向地震灾害的公共服务能力。     

Three-dimensional distributed DC/IP method for altered tectonite-type gold ore deposits exploration: a case study of the Jiaojia gold metallogenic belt,Eastern China

To develop an effective method to identify ore-controlling faults, we studied the Jiaojia gold metallogenic belt, a most typical altered tectonite-type gold metallogenic belt in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China, and conducted experiments using the 3D distributed direct current-induced polarization (DC/IP) method. Firstly, we tested the ability of using 3D distributed DC/IP method to identify altered tectonite-type gold ore deposits by 3D synthetic modelling. We then collected real data of the Sizhuang gold deposit using the 3D distributed DC/IP method. The resistivity model obtained of this region is generally consistent with the known geological setting. Moreover, to obtain the information about the southern extension of the Jiaojia gold metallogenic belt, we conducted a 3D distributed DC/IP experiment in the Shijia area in the southern segment of the Jiaojia fault. The southern extension of the Jiaojia fault and tectonic evolution of shallow magma in this region were inferred from the 3D resistivity and chargeability models. Based on all the information above, we concluded that the 3D distributed DC/IP method has the advantages of 3D observations, high spatial resolution and great detection depth and will be one of the most effective methods for detecting altered tectonite-type gold ore deposits.     

基于多源灾情数据的地震灾害损失实时动态评估系统设计与实现

传统的地震灾害损失评估系统,由于基础数据更新不及时,其评估结果准确性较差;随着灾情获取手段的不断丰富完善,利用地震现场实时获取的多源灾情信息,能够实现地震灾害损失实时动态评估。本文通过系统架构、业务功能、业务流程等设计,完成了多源灾情数据的地震灾害损失实时动态评估原型系统的研发。系统的设计与实现有助于震后政府部门实时动态地了解和掌握建筑物破坏、人员伤亡、经济损失等关键灾情信息,能更好地服务于抗震救灾工作。     

廊坊市活断层探测数据管理系统

根据政府和社会公众实际需求,基于以往廊坊地区基础地理资料和活断层探测工作成果资料,采用GIS技术、三维可视化技术及网络技术,建成廊坊市活断层探测数据管理系统,具有建库、存储、分析、管理、三维显示和应用等强大功能,可实现活断层信息的科学管理,为城乡规划、地震应急、土地利用、重大工程选址提供信息服务。     

LAND-USE IMPACT ON WATERSHED RESPONSE: THE INTEGRATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

The integration of a two-dimensional, raster-based rainfall–runoff model, CASC2D, with a raster geographical information system (GIS), GRASS, offers enhanced capabilities for analysing the hydrological impact under a variety of land management scenarios. The spatially varied components of the watershed, such as slope, soil texture, surface roughness and land-use disturbance, were characterized in GRASS at a user-specified grid cell resolution for input into the CASC2D model. CASC2D is a raster-based, single-event rainfall–runoff model that divides the watershed into grid cell elements and simulates the hydrological processes of infiltration, overland flow and channel flow in response to distributed rainfall precipitation. The five-step integration of CASC2D and GRASS demonstrates the potential for analysing spatially and temporally varied hydrological processes within a 50 square mile semi-arid watershed. By defining possible land-use disturbance scenarios for the watershed, a variety of rainfall–runoff events were simulated to determine the changes in watershed response under varying disturbance and rainfall conditions. Additionally, spatially distributed infiltration outputs derived from the simulations were analysed in GRASS to determine the variability of hydrological change within the watershed. Grid cell computational capabilities in GRASS allow the user to combine the scenario simulation outputs with other distributed watershed parameters to develop complex maps depicting potential areas of hydrological sensitivity. This GIS–hydrological model integration provides valuable spatial information to researchers and managers concerned with the study and effects of land-use on hydrological response.     

地震三维灾情影像图生成技术系统研究

本文将计算机技术、遥感技术、地理信息系统、图形图像处理相结合,建立三维矢量数学模型,通过三维可视化技术,形象化地描述灾区的受灾状况和受灾程度,对三维地理空间信息进行可视化管理,实现快速查询、检索、显示、输出、统计、分析及三维可视化,为基于地理信息的决策和管理提供一个真三维的立体可视平台,为地震应急决策部门进行灾害的决策和管理提供三维可视化仿真环境系统。     

前兆数据管理系统中设备资源统一管理

为了满足设备资源共享和协同工作的需求,前兆数据管理系统迫切需要建立有效的统一设备资源管理机制。分析了前兆数据管理系统中设备的实际特点及系统的各项业务需求,提出了符合地震行业应用特点的设备资源管理系统模型;针对地震台网中设备的异构性,对系统中的信息进行了抽象和统一的描述。将设备资源转化成为一种统一的标准资源,屏蔽各设备之间的差异,使系统具有可扩展性;实现了多用户并发任务的优化和结果数据分发处理,从而提高了系统的性能。该系统目前平稳运行于全国地震前兆台网中。     

国家地震安全公共服务平台研究

本文主要立足于我国地震多发、震灾严重的国情,着眼于经济社会快速发展和社会公众对地震安全信息服务提出的新要求,探讨把防震减灾工作成果转化为公共服务产品,实现从被动救灾到主动救灾的创新和转变。以地震安全公共服务为目标,以地理信息技术为手段,为国家防震减灾信息化建设提供先进的关键技术支撑,不断提高地震行业应对地震灾害的基础信息保障能力,更好地发挥地震行业中各个业务技术系统的功能,使防震减灾成果更好、持续地为社会提供服务,最大限度减轻地震灾害损失。     

省级地震应急信息公共服务平台设计探讨

地震应急信息的发布与共享是地震应急社会化服务的基本要求,也是未来地震应急公共服务能力建设的内容。本文初步论述了云南地震应急信息公共服务平台的服务对象、服务内容、平台架构、网络结构,并在此基础上讨论了其未来的进一步应用和发展。     

合肥数字遥测地震台网中心技术系统与地震速报

描述了合肥数字遥测台网中心技术系统基本功能和在安徽省地震速报中的作用,提出未来区域数字地震台网间数据共享与网络数据服务是台网中心技术系统重要组成部分,是台网快速准确完成地震速报的技术基础。     

基于天地图的地震应急地图服务平台初步实现——以上海市为例

基于天地图和ArcGIS API建立一套地震应急地图服务模型平台,初步实现地震应急基础数据展示、地震损失预估范围发布、地震空间信息查询与定位、现场灾情反馈与标注和专题地图打印等功能。该平台以天地图为基础,利用ArcGIS API的多种模块为接口,搭建一套交互式、分布式、动态的系统构架,实现基本地震应急地图数据服务;并力求探索地震应急地图服务的初步方案,解决地震专题地图的效率和传播问题,为震时指挥决策提供辅助支撑手段,为今后多灾种信息平台融合提供了参考。     

Interferometric interpolation of sparse marine data

We present the theory and numerical results for interferometrically interpolating 2D and 3D marine surface seismic profiles data. For the interpolation of seismic data we use the combination of a recorded Green's function and a model‐based Green's function for a water‐layer model. Synthetic (2D and 3D) and field (2D) results show that the seismic data with sparse receiver intervals can be accurately interpolated to smaller intervals using multiples in the data. An up‐ and downgoing separation of both recorded and model‐based Green's functions can help in minimizing artefacts in a virtual shot gather. If the up‐ and downgoing separation is not possible, noticeable artefacts will be generated in the virtual shot gather. As a partial remedy we iteratively use a non‐stationary 1D multi‐channel matching filter with the interpolated data. Results suggest that a sparse marine seismic survey can yield more information about reflectors if traces are interpolated by interferometry. Comparing our results to those of f‐k interpolation shows that the synthetic example gives comparable results while the field example shows better interpolation quality for the interferometric method.     

A geographic data model for representing ground water systems

The Arc Hydro ground water data model is a geographic data model for representing spatial and temporal ground water information within a geographic information system (GIS). The data model is a standardized representation of ground water systems within a spatial database that provides a public domain template for GIS users to store, document, and analyze commonly used spatial and temporal ground water data sets. This paper describes the data model framework, a simplified version of the complete ground water data model that includes two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) object classes for representing aquifers, wells, and borehole data, and the 3D geospatial context in which these data exist. The framework data model also includes tabular objects for representing temporal information such as water levels and water quality samples that are related with spatial features.