新型带肋预应力管桩承载性能研究

采用静载荷试验和ABAQUS有限元模拟相结合的方法进行了新型带肋预应力管桩承载性能的研究。对外径相同（500 mm）的直型桩与带肋桩的现场静载荷试验结果进行了对比研究,结果表明,带肋桩的极限承载力较直型桩提高13.10%。分析了肋部厚度、肋部间距等桩型参数对新型带肋管桩承载性能的影响。提出新型带肋预应力管桩极限承载力的建议计算公式,为今后新型带肋预应力管桩的大规模应用提供参考。     

不同竖向荷载作用下桩基水平载荷试验研究

石油化工装置具有高、大、重及对地基承载力和沉降变形要求严格等特点,宁波镇海某石油化工项目位于沿海软土地基,工程地质条件差,风荷载大,对桩基的水平承载力要求较高。为了取得符合工程实际情况的桩基水平承载力参数,在工作区内开展了不同桩径、桩长、桩顶竖向荷载作用下的预制方桩桩基的水平静载荷试验。试验结果表明,在桩顶自由条件下,单桩水平承载力随着桩径和桩长的增加而增大,但并非是线性增长,而是呈幂函数增长关系;单桩水平承载力随着桩顶竖向荷载的增加同样呈幂函数增长关系;群桩水平承载力大于单桩水平承载力之和。     

地震荷载下长短桩复合地基的群桩效应系数分析

长短桩复合地基中,地震发生时,短桩在降低长桩所受剪力和弯矩影响中起到重要作用。本研究对弹性地基中的钢管桩基础实行了静态有限元分析,以及动态离心模型试验,通过桩径、桩长、桩间距等参数进行剪切波速,长桩剪力弯矩的对比分析,得到一种新的水平向群桩效应系数计算方法,并通过对模型建筑物的模拟,验证了该方法的有效性与实用性。结果表明,静态有限元数值模拟分析和离心模型试验结果有较好拟合,不同震级作用下通过该方法均能给出较为合理的系数。本文结果可为长短桩复合桩基的抗震性能提供重要参考,实际工程中,通过调整桩径,桩长,短桩数量等参数,可以提出更为合理的设计施工方案。     

高速铁路CFG桩复合地基柔性载荷试验研究

高速铁路建设的迅速发展及高速铁路对路基沉降的严格要求,CFG桩在高速铁路路基的处理上得到大量运用。但铁路工程对路基的作用原理与工民建工程对地基的作用原理有本质的区别,工民建房屋建筑荷载通过基础对地基施加刚性荷载,而铁路路基直接承受上部路堤的自重和列车运行产生的柔性荷载。高速铁路CFG桩复合地基的设计都是根据工民建行业的设计理论进行,其试验结果必然与实际情况存在偏差。本文着手研究适合于高速铁路复合地基的柔性载荷试验方法,模拟高速铁路柔性加载的特性,通过数值分析对比了刚性荷载和柔性载荷作用下CFG桩复合地基的桩、土应力、位移分布情况;通过现场载荷试验对设计方案进行了验证,研究了高速铁路CFG桩复合地基的承载力特性,结果证明柔性载荷试验是可行的,能合理的模拟高速铁路CFG桩复合地基承载特性,可为柔性基础下CFG桩复合地基的设计提供基础。     

水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的试验和数值模拟分析

水泥土搅拌桩处理软土地基可以提高地基承载力并减小沉降量。针对珠海地区的淤泥质土,进行了4种垫层厚度的水泥土搅拌桩复合地基现场静载荷试验,并在现场试验的基础上采用FLAC3D对水泥土搅拌桩复合地基进行了数值模拟分析。将数值模拟得到的4种垫层厚度复合地基的沉降曲线与现场试验的沉降曲线进行了比较,两者基本吻合。采用此模型计算了不同桩径和桩距复合地基的承载力和沉降量,研究了桩径、桩距的改变对复合地基承载力和沉降量的影响,并对改变桩径和桩距两种方案进行了比较,为水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的设计提供了参考。     

用三维有限元法对超长单桩桩端承载力的研究

基于有限元-荷载传递联合法,利用通用有限元软件ABAQUS对超长单桩的桩端承载性状进行了分析研究,具体分析了桩长、桩径、土性等因素对桩端承载力的影响。结果表明,桩长越长,桩端承载力越高;桩径越大,相应桩端单位面积承载力越低;土的弹性模量和内摩擦角对桩端承载力均有较大的影响,而凝聚力则影响较小。同时,也分析了桩侧摩阻力对桩端阻力的影响即桩侧摩阻力对桩端阻力有提高作用。     

现浇薄壁管桩水平受力特性三维弹塑性有限元分析

利用三维弹塑性有限元模型,对水平荷载作用下现浇薄壁管桩(简称PCC桩)受力特性进行数值模拟和分析,并与试验结果进行比较,验证了模型的合理性。利用该模型对桩长、桩径以及桩身相对刚度等影响桩受力特性的主要因素进行分析,结果表明：桩径一定的情况下,桩长对桩的破坏形式有很大的影响,弹性桩与刚性桩临界点的长径比为8左右,且弹性桩的受力主要集中在桩的上部,约为0.3倍桩长;桩径对侧向位移和弯矩都有很大影响,桩径越大,桩侧向位移越小,而最大弯矩值越大,且最大弯矩点下移;在一定程度上,提高桩体强度,有利于提高桩的抗水平变形能力,但当增加到一定程度时,效果并不十分明显。     

水泥搅拌桩复合地基承载力研究

根据室内模型试验和现场载荷试验,对水泥搅拌桩复合地基承载力的确定进行了分析,证明从提高承载力角度来说,过分增加桩长是无意义的,桩长主要是用来控制变形。对水泥搅拌桩复合地基承载力的确定和优化设计提出了建议。     

柔性桩复合地基承载力数值计算

利用ANSYS有限元软件对柔性桩单（多）桩复合地基的承载力进行了数值计算,考虑的因素有：荷载、置换率、桩长径比和桩距,研究结果表明：随着荷载桩和长径比的增加,柔性桩单桩复合地基的桩身轴向应力峰值基本出现在距桩顶0.1倍左右桩长处,两者的变化均导致桩、土沉降有相同变化趋势;置换率的增加会导致桩承担更多荷载,但桩-土沉降变化趋势相反,不利于柔性桩复合地基的共同沉降;荷载和桩长径比对柔性桩多桩复合地基桩体承担的荷载贡献不大,但会导致桩-土有共同的变化趋势;桩距的变化能够导致柔性桩桩体承担的荷载有较大范围的变化,桩间土沉降较之桩沉降趋势更为明显,对柔性桩复合地基承载特性有一定的影响。     

嵌岩桩承载变形特性的数值分析

嵌岩桩的单桩极限承载力高,现场试桩试验加载至极限状态代价和难度均较大,试验取得的数据较难全面反映嵌岩桩的承载变形特性。基于武汉绿地中心嵌岩桩试桩试验成果,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立桩-土-岩共同作用模型,分析了基岩岩性、嵌岩深径比以及上覆土层厚度等对嵌岩桩承载变形特性的影响。数值计算表明,基于合理的本构模型、合理地参数取值,采用有限元方法对嵌岩桩试桩试验开展模拟分析,可以取得较为合理的拟合结果。基岩岩性、嵌岩深径比、上覆土层厚度对嵌岩桩的承载变形特性均有较大的影响。基岩岩性和嵌岩深度对上覆土层段侧摩阻力的发挥影响不大。嵌岩段的承载力是嵌岩桩总承载力的主要组成部分,但对穿越深厚上覆土层的嵌岩桩,上覆土层段桩侧摩阻力是嵌岩桩总承载力的重要组成部分,不应忽视。     

An elastoplastic model for the analysis of a driven pile extended with a micropile

An elastoplastic model for the analysis of a driven pile extended at the bottom with a micropile under axial load is presented. The model is an extension of the integral equation method of Poulos and Davis. The finite-difference scheme used to obtain the pile displacements is reformulated to take into account the discontinuity in the stress distribution at the joint between pile and micropile. The results obtained with the proposed method are compared with the outcomes of a more sophisticated finite element simulation, and also with data from full-scale load tests. Reasonably good agreement is obtained in both cases.     

Numerical simulation of ground anchors

A procedure of finite-element modeling and beam-column modeling of ground anchors was proposed in this study to investigate the load transfer mechanism in ground anchors. The procedure included the modeling of soil, grout, and strand tendon and the interface modeling of soil–grout and grout–strand in ground anchors. A series of finite element analyses and beam-column analyses were performed using the proposed models on ground anchors. The numerical predictions were compared with observed measurements in a field load test. The results indicated that the numerical simulation of load transfer mechanism on ground anchors can provide reasonable predictions.     

构造应力场边界载荷反演的有限元逆逼近法

构造应力场问题的边界条件、加载方式是地应力场分析的难题,由于构造运动未知和地质构造复杂,无法直接求解。边界力反演是进行构造应力场研究的重要手段。从弹性力学基本方程出发,针对油气储层地应力场反问题,结合对区域构造应力场认识,利用阻尼最小二乘法建立了应力场反演的约束模型,提出了一种用于反演构造应力场边界力的反分析方法,该方法根据部分实测点的应力值进行边界力反演,并与有限元方法和有限差分法相结合,以边界力为参量逼近目标函数。根据研究区少量地应力实测资料采用该方法进行最优化计算,使得计算应力场与实测应力达到最优拟合,以弥补目前的回归反演方法和边界载荷调整法的不足来提高计算精度。算例表明了该方法的有效性,可用于解决构造应力场边界力的反演问题。     

可液化场地微型桩地震响应特性研究

可液化场地微型桩的地震响应分析是确保工程安全和优化抗震设计的前提。应用动态离心机试验和三维有效应力数值分析方法,研究了微型单桩桩台的侧向变形和加速度、不同埋深桩身弯矩、可液化场地的加速度及超孔隙水压力等响应特征。首先开展了相对密实度为57%饱和土层、输入波是频率为1 Hz和峰值加速度为1.516 m/s2正弦波的微型桩40 g动态地震响应离心机试验,进而应用基于多重剪切机构塑性模型和液化前缘状态面概念的三维有效应力分析方法,反演了试验结果,并进行了对比分析,结果表明,数值模拟与离心机试验结果吻合,液化场地特性控制着建于其中微型桩的地震响应特征,微型桩桩台的水平变形和残余变形可达78、30 mm,桩身最大弯矩和最大残余弯矩呈现向桩身底部迁移特点,同时表明,基于动态土工离心机试验和数值分析相结合的研究方法,分析可液化场地微型桩地震响应特性是有效可行的,研究结论为可液化场地微型桩的抗震设计提供了可靠的依据和参考。     

基于数值应力场的边坡临界滑动场

数值分析方法（有限元、有限差分等）可计算边坡应力、变形和破坏,但直接计算边坡安全系数比较困难;而极限平衡法需对边坡体内力作出假设,计算精度受到限制。利用数值分析方法计算得到的应力场,重新定义推力最大原理中推力的含义,将常规边坡临界滑动场数值模拟方法作进一步的改进,提出基于数值应力场的边坡临界滑动场方法。该方法可充分发挥两大方法的优势,能够准确、方便地搜索出边坡临界滑动面位置,并给出更合理的边坡安全系数。通过两个算例的稳定性分析,并与其他方法进行比较,验证了该方法的准确性和合理性。     

A comparison of field-monitored and numerically predicted moisture movement in unsaturated soil

This paper presents the results of the application of a numerical model of flow of water in unsaturated soil to simulate real field behaviour. Numerical predictions are compared with field-monitored results as part of an assessment of the approach adopted. The numerical approach is based on a finite element solution of Richards' theoretical formulation, adopting a finite difference recurrence relationship to model the transient nature of the problem. The field results have been collected by British Gas in Kimmeridge clay at a site in Swindon. The simulation addressed the autumn wetting of the soil during 1983. Comparisons of volumetric moisture content readings from the field and numerical predictions give good correlation. It is concluded that the numerical model has adequately represented field behaviour over the depth of interest. Taken in conjunction with previous results, it is claimed that the model should now be capable of use in a predictive mode.     

考虑大变形的静力压桩数值模拟

静力压桩过程是一种稳态贯入过程。该过程使得桩周附近区域的土体产生较大挤压作用,并出现了较大变形,因而基于传统小变形的有限元分析与真实的贯入过程有着较大的误差。基于更新的拉格朗日列式法,分析压桩时产生的大变形,引入桩-土界面间的接触作用,桩周土体采用Mohr-Coulomb模型,并运用有限元方法进行数值分析,较好地实现了静力压桩过程的数值模拟。     

Analytical solution for micropile design under tension and compression

Micropiles are being increasingly utilized in foundation rehabilitation and seismic retrofitting projects. The function of the micropiles in these projects is to enhance the foundation ultimate capacity as well as reduce foundation deflection. This paper focuses on an analytical model for micropile load-displacement behavior subjected to compressive as well as tensile loading. The soil-micropile interaction is considered explicitly in the model development. Furthermore, to keep the model simple and accessible to designers, the micropile-soil interface is assumed to be linearly elastic-perfectly plastic and homogeneous with depth. Closed form expressions of micropile deformation as a function of applied load are presented. These expressions are used to study the effect of model parameters on micropile yield behavior. Micropile strain distribution and the load transfer behavior calculated by the model are discussed. The model calculations are compared with the field measured load-displacement curves. The measured micropile load-displacement data available in the literature are analyzed to evaluate the model parameters. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Elastoplastic multiphase model for simulating the response of piled raft foundations subject to combined loadings

A multiphase model and corresponding computational time‐saving finite element code is proposed in this paper for predicting the settlements experienced by a piled raft foundation when subject to the combined action of vertical and lateral loadings. This model, which is formulated in the framework of an elastoplastic behaviour for the soil and the reinforcing piles as well, explicitly accounts for the shear and flexural behaviour of the latter. Starting from a simple analytical example where all the concepts attached to this model are clearly illustrated, the main stages leading to its finite element implementation are then presented. The numerical tool thus elaborated, is applied to the simulation of a pile‐reinforced strip foundation submitted to a horizontally applied seismic load in addition to a permanent vertical load. One of the key results of such a simulation in terms of design recommendation, lies in the conclusion that, while the shear and flexural contributions of the reinforcement play quite a negligible role in the case of a vertical load (as compared with their axial resistance), they remain absolutely essential for withstanding the seismic lateral loading. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.