应用回归分析进行原煤灰分预测

煤层的原煤灰分分析研究是煤质分析的重要内容。作者应用系列Ⅲ数字测井仪在山西河东煤田、河南永城煤田及安徽淮南煤田等地开展近百口井的测井工作,取得了大量的原始数据,为利用测井资料研究煤层的原煤灰分提供了极有利的条件。本文就概率模型分析法之一的回归分析法的方法内容和分析结果进行了介绍。     

煤层煤质参数测井解释模型

摘　 要　 以确定煤质参数的体积模型法为基础‚结合煤样实验室分析资料‚利用概率模型法 （多元线性回归） 确定煤质参数的测井解释模型。经 F 检验‚说明建立的方程组有效‚线性关 系显著。实际解释结果表明‚解释模型估算的煤质参数与煤样实验室分析的煤质参数之间一 致性好‚解释精度高。     

用煤的挥发分、胶质层厚度计算煤的粘结指数

利用乔家湾区现有煤质化验资料，用数学地质中的回归分析方法，求得本区挥发、胶质层厚度与粘结指数的二元线性回归关系，并且通过对其进行的显性检验以及实用性判断，证明研究区该方程具有实用价值。指出了地质工作者可以充分利用以往的煤质资料，检验原有测试结果的同时，进一步提高煤类划分的准确性。     

汝箕沟煤矿煤灰熔点的逐步回归分析

煤灰熔点是评价煤工业用途的一项重要指标,针对矿区煤质灰熔点建立适宜的数学模型是一个值得重视的问题。根据逐步回归分析的基本原理,利用在汝箕沟煤矿收集的43组灰分产率、灰成分与灰熔点数据,建立了该矿煤的灰熔点与显著变量之间关系的回归方程。通过F-检验和相关系数检验,表明回归方程有一定的置信度,误差分析显示回归分析效果较好。     

GRNN与LS-SVM方法在计算煤质工业组分中的应用

在煤炭开发过程中,对煤质的评价尤为重要。依靠实验室分析来确定煤质的工业组分效率比较低,成本也比较高,因此通过建立其与测井参数之间的关系来进行各组分的计算。选取自然伽马、双收时差、密度以及三侧向电阻率这四个测井参数为输入的特征参数,煤质的水分、灰分、挥发分以及固定碳的含量作为输出结果,利用在某煤田挑选的73层测井数据当作训练样本,构建了基于广义回归神经网络(GRNN)以及最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)的计算模型,从而建立了测井参数与各工业组分之间的关系。对19层的测试数据进行了检验,结果表明这两种方法均能应用于实际的生产之中;相比之下,广义回归神经网络能更准确地计算出各组分的含量,其平均平方误差均在1%以下。     

根据土壤颗粒组成推算土壤中微量元素的含量

本文对山西２５５个土壤样品（Ａ层）中的１２种微量元素含量与土壤颗粒（１．０～０．０１ｍｍ和０．０１～０．００１ｍｍ）含量分别进行相关分析，结果表明，上述绝大多数元素的含量与土壤颗粒含量之间呈显著相关性。同时将１２种元素的含量分别与上述两组土壤颗粒含量进行回归分析，得出各元素的推算模型。以此模型，即根据１．０～０．０１ｍｍ或０．０１～０．００１ｍｍ土壤颗粒含量，推算出土壤元素的含量。经验证，其推算结果与元素的实测值基本一致。     

煤工业分析指标与测井参数的相关性及其模型

以河南新郑矿区赵家寨井田为依托,通过试验和统计分析,建立了煤的工业分析指标与测井参数的相关关系及模型,揭示了煤质测井响应机制。研究结果表明,煤的工业分析指标与其测井参数之间存在明显的相关性,表现为:原煤水分含量与密度和视电阻率之间呈负相关关系,与自然电位和自然伽马呈正相关关系;灰分与密度和自然伽马以及自然电位呈正相关关系,与视电阻率呈负相关关系;原煤挥发分与视电阻率和密度呈负相关关系,挥发分与自然电位和自然伽马呈正相关关系。研究结果还显示,煤质指标与测井参数之间的相关性是由煤中有机质和无机质含量、性质和结构以及煤化作用等因素所决定的。分别建立了用测井曲线预测原煤工业分析指标的多元统计模型,在煤炭与煤层气勘探开发中,可以用测井曲线预测原煤工业分析指标。      

孙疃煤矿下石盒子组7~2煤层煤质发育特征及其地质控因

淮北煤田孙疃煤矿下石盒子组72煤层的煤质发育特征及其地质控制因素的研究较为薄弱,不利于后期煤矿进行勘探开发部署工作。通过对孙疃煤矿钻孔资料进行分析,结合前人研究成果,系统研究了淮北煤田孙疃煤矿72煤层的宏观煤岩特征、显微组分特征、无机矿物含量、元素特征,以及煤的灰分、挥发分、发热量等工业分析指标,并从沉积环境、大地构造背景和岩浆活动等地质因素分析其对煤质的控制作用。研究发现,该区72煤层主要为河控三角洲沉积环境,其水体较浅,为弱还原环境,处于海退时期,是煤质发育的主要地质控因,煤层的埋深主要控制煤的变质程度,构造活动和岩浆侵入影响程度较弱,只对部分区域煤质有影响。     

锰铁废渣作为道路基层填料的试验研究

现代工业迅猛发展的同时，也随之产生大量的工业废渣。利用工业废渣修筑道路基层，既可以达到道路基层的强度标准，也可以解决大量废渣的处理问题，具有十分重要的现实意义。论文对锰铁废渣的化学成份进行了分析，对风积土的物理力学性质进行了试验研究，获得了大量的科学数据。同时利用石灰、锰铁废渣、碎石和风积砂土作为路面基层稳定土的原材料，进行了配比试验和性能测试。在试验过程中，运用均匀设计方法安排试验，测量稳定土的各项指标。依据试验结果，采用SPSS软件进行了回归分析，得到了稳定土无侧限抗压强度的回归方程。试验结果表明，利用锰铁废渣作为道路基层的填料是可行的，既可以节约原材料的能量消耗，又可以减少环境污染，具有广泛的应用前景和显著的社会效益、环境效益与经济效益。     

用测井资料研究白坪井田二1煤的灰分

本文利用数字测井记录的数据与煤样化验数据,采用体积模型和回归统计分析等方法,对白坪勘探区二_1煤进行煤质分析。结果发现,研究区二_1煤的灰分含量与自然伽玛测井数据间存在良好的线性关系,并利用其线性回归方程进行灰分预测,效果较好(误差均小于10％),成果可靠,这为数字测井的综合利用提供一条重要途径。     

Holding capacity of suction caisson anchors embedded in cohesive soils based on finite element analysis

The foundations of offshore structures have been intensively studied to provide design guidelines for oil platforms. Recently, techniques developed for the oil industry have found new applications in the design of foundations for offshore wind turbines. There are simplified analytical solutions for the holding capacity of suction anchors, which are based on postulated failure mechanisms and are often compared with the results of finite element analyses. The merit of the results of a finite element analysis over the simplified solutions is that the finite element analysis satisfies all the basic equations in mechanics and does not require the assumption of reasonable failure mechanisms. The aim of this study is, based on the results of extensive finite element analyses, to provide a set of formulae for the estimation of the holding capacities of optimally loaded suction caisson anchors embedded in cohesive soils with a linear strength distribution. The bearing capacity factor and the depth of the optimal loading point are also estimated and reported. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Law of Element Abundance Relationships in Igneous Rocks Petrogenetically Associated with Fractional Crystallization

Reported in this paper are: 1) the law of element abundance relationships: element abundances are of power function with each other in an igneous rock petrogenetically associated with fractional crystallization, 2) deduction of the law and relevant parameters: abundance relationship constant (a) and phase constant (R) from Henry’s law and the law of mass conservation. 3) the data basis and evidence of the law of element abundance relationships, 4) establishment of the equations for element abundance relationships in igneous rocks formed from the same parental magma during the same fractional crystallization stage. and all measurable parameters involved in the equations.     

个旧锡矿芦塘坝矿段断裂构造地球化学特征及其找矿意义

构造地球化学特征研究是指导矿山深部找矿的有效手段。在深入研究矿区地质的基础上,对矿段内地表断裂构造原生晕数据进行了R型聚类分析和R型因子分析,根据R型因子分析的结果——因子得分值,圈定了四组因子得分的综合异常图。其结果表明,元素组合异常明显,呈NE向带状展布;主要成矿元素及相关指示元素组合出现多个异常浓集中心,并与已知深部矿体产出空间能较好地对应。这些特征的分析对指导矿山生产和找矿具有现实意义。     

Analysis of shaft resistance of jacked piles in sands

In recent years, pile jacking has become a viable alternative installation method for displacement piles. Pile jacking produces minimal noise, vibration and air pollution during installation. In addition, it is possible, at the end of jacking, to have a good estimate of the ultimate static capacity of the pile. In this paper, the shaft resistance of piles jacked into sand is studied using one‐dimensional finite element analysis. The finite element simulations, using a two‐surface plasticity model, demonstrate the effects of relative density and confinement on the unit shaft resistance of piles jacked in sand. The impact of the number of jacking strokes on the unit shaft capacity is also assessed. Based on the numerical results, we developed equations for shaft resistance quantifying the effects of relative density, initial confinement and number of jacking strokes. Predictions using these equations are compared with data obtained from centrifuge tests and field tests. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复合单元法动力分析初步研究

复合单元法是一种适用于不连续介质结构分析的数值计算方法,优点是建立网格时不用考虑结构中不连续面,计算时能离散模拟不连续面。在复合单元法静力计算模型的基础上,提出了复合单元的动力分析方法。给出了复合单元动力分析的质量矩阵和阻尼矩阵的具体表达式,通过质量矩阵、刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵将分布于复合单元内部的惯性力和阻尼力分别转移到复合单元的广义节点上。建立了惯性力、阻尼力、动力荷载及弹性力作用下的复合单元动力系统的控制方程组。以一个基岩内含有两条断层的混凝土重力坝模型地震为例,采用复合单元法动力分析程序进行计算,其结果与有限单元法解吻合得较好,说明所提出方法的正确性和有效性。     

正交各向异性岩体中地下洞室稳定的粘弹-粘塑性三维有限元分析

建立了一种正交各向异性岩体的粘弹－粘塑性模型，推导和描述了相应的数值计算表达式和有限元分析的步骤，并使用所编制的三维有限元程序，以在层状岩体（横观各向同性介质）中的地下洞室开挖为算例，考察了围岩的流变动态，得出了几点结论。     

Prediction of blast fragmentation using multivariate analysis procedures

An extensive multivariate analysis procedure for prediction of blast fragmentation distribution is presented. Several blasts performed in various mines and rock formations in the world are brought together and evaluated. Blast design parameters, the modulus of elasticity, in situ block size are considered to perform multivariate analysis. The hierarchical cluster analysis is used to separate the blasts data into different groups of similarity. Group memberships were checked by the discriminant analysis. The multivariate regression analysis was applied to develop prediction equations for the estimation of the mean particle size of muckpiles. Two different prediction equations were developed based on the rock stiffness. Validation of the proposed equations on various mines is presented and the capability of the prediction equations was compared with one of the most applied fragmentation distribution models appearing in the blasting literature. Prediction capability of the proposed models was found to be strong. Diversity of the blasts data used is one of the most important aspects of the developed models. The models are not complex and suitable for practical use at mines. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the theory of consolidation with double porosity—III A finite element formulation

We employ a finite element method to consider the numerical solution of Aifantis' equations of double porosity.^1–5 The physical and mathematical foundations of the theory of double porosity were considered in two previous papers, ^6,7 where analytical solutions of the relevant equations are also given. For practical purposes and for the completeness of the presentation, we re-derive the basic equations without resorting to the more rigorous scheme of multiporosity theory.^1–6 Instead, we follow the more familiar approach of Biot^8,9 which we now extend from the case of single porosity to the case of double porosity. Then a general finite element formulation of the relevant eqations is thoroughly discussed and explicitly described for the two-dimensional case where four-node rectangular non-conforming isoparametric elements are employed. Three numerical examples are presented in detail to illustrate the method and assess the differences between single and double porosity models in consolidation.     

劈裂灌浆对土石坝应力应变和稳定的影响

土坝劈裂灌浆对坝体的应力、应变、稳定的影响很大。采用Duncan-Chang非线性模型,模拟了某土石坝劈裂灌浆的灌浆-停灌施工过程,进行了应力、应变、稳定有限元分析。劈裂灌浆可以同时增大大小主应力,在灌浆轴线附近区域,小主应力增加幅度大于大主应力增加幅度,应力水平较灌浆前降低,土坝稳定性增加。与原型观测资料进行对比分析,表明计算结果与实测资料基本吻合。