奥帆赛之城

基尔（Kiel） 2008年6月21日至29日．一年一度的基尔周在德国北部港口城市基尔举行。作为世界上最负盛名的帆船赛事、北欧规模最大的夏季节日，基尔周的吸引力毋庸置疑。     

西德基尔大学应用物理所的常规水文调查

本文简要介绍了基尔大学应用物理研究所对西德沿海某些水文要素进行常规调查的方法和特点。他们不仅使用自己研制的设备进行现场调查,而且可用本设备分析和处理数据,直接为有关部门提供有使用价值的等值图资料.这种将仪器研制,应用和最终数据处理三者融为一体的科研方式值得我们借鉴。     

海洋人物(四)

乌斯特，G．AO．（GeorgAdolfOtoWtist，1890615～197711．8）德国海洋学家。生于1890年6月15日，卒于1977年11月8日。1919年获柏林大学博士学位。1946年任基尔大学教授、基尔海洋研究所所长。在海洋学上的贡献是，通过分析一系列系统观测，对大西洋的分层结构和深层环境有基本了解。在海洋考察上，1925～1927年，与AJ．M‘德凡特（AlbertJosephMariaDefant，1884～1977）。G．迪特里希（G．Dietrich）等乘《流星号》完成了南大西洋的科学考察。协助德凡持完成《流星号》调查报告（16卷，1932～1944）。1938年负责国际墨西哥湾流考察…     

一种现场连续取样的水中微粒采集装置

这里介绍的西德基尔大学应用物理所研制的现场水中微粒采集装置,最大工作深度1km,一次投放可采集800个样品,供海水的生物、矿物、悬浮物、沉积物及化学方面的定量分析,该装置在水下进行泵汲取样、网膜过滤和塑料热焊封存,提出水面后用显微镜观察和分析,用计算机数据处理,可获得各种微粒的时空分布曲线.这种水中微粒采集方法是海水采样技术发展史上的一次革新,值得我们在研制采水设备时参考。     

反弹琵琶 海底逃生

1850年,德国炮兵下士威廉·鲍尔从海豚的潜浮行动中,获得潜艇设计上的启示,着手建造了世界第一艘铁制的潜艇。 1851年2月1日在基尔港外开始潜航试验。由于技术错误,结果艇首一头撞到海底而沉没。此时,这艘潜艇在海底犹如一块石头,再也浮不     

东海大陆架钥孔䗩科的研究

中国科学院海洋研究所对东海大陆架进行过多次综合调査,获得了一些钥孔?科的标本,经整理鉴定有凹缘?属Emarginula和天窗?属Puncturella下隶的六个种:其中串珠凹缘?Emarginula hosoyai Habe、脆凹缘?E. fragilis Yokoyama、整齐凹缘?E. concinna A. Adams、羚天窗?Puncturella dorcas Kira et Habe和帽天窗?P. pileolus (A.Adams)等五种为我国新记录。     

氮、磷对克氏前沟藻三亚株生长及产毒特性的影响

以改良 K 培养液为基础,通过设定不同的 N、P 浓度水平,探讨 N、P 营养盐对克氏前沟藻 Amphidinium klebsii(三亚株)生长及产毒特性的影响.研究结果表明, N、P 均为影响克氏前沟藻生长和产毒的重要因素.低浓度的N、P(N浓度≤4.665×10?4mol·L?1, P浓度≤2.000×10?5mol·L?1)不利于克氏前沟藻生物量的积累,但能促进其生长及毒素的产生;中浓度的N、P(4.665×10?4mol·L?1相似文献   

ETUDE SUR LES MOLLUSQUES PLEUROBRANCHIDAE DE LA COTE DE CHINE

Les Mollusques Pleurobranchidae n'avaient ?t? signal?s qu'en Chine trois esp?ces: Pleurobranchaea novae?ealandiae Cheeseman, Pleurobranchaea brocki Bergh, var.? et Euselenops (Euselenops) luniceps (Cuvier). La premi?re se trouve dans le golfe de Pohai, la mer Jaune et la mer Est, les deux derni?res se trouvent dans la mer Sud. En examinant les mat?riaux de notre Institut, provenant de diff?rentes c?tes de la Chine,     

气候模式FIO-ESM对2015/16年厄尔尼诺的预测

Recently atmospheric and oceanic observations indicate the tropical Pacific is at the El Ni?o condition. However,it's not clear whether this El Ni?o event of this year is comparable to the very strong one of 1997/98 which brought huge influence on the whole world. In this study, based on the Ensemble Adjusted Kalman Filter(EAKF)assimilation scheme and First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model(FIO-ESM), the assimilation system is setup, which can provide reasonable initial conditions for prediction. And the hindcast results suggest the skill of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) prediction is comparable to other dynamical coupled models. Then the prediction for 2015/16 El Ni?o by using FIO-ESM is started from 1 November 2015. The ensemble results indicate that the 2015/16 El Ni?o will continue to be strong. By the end of 2015, the strongest strength is very like more than 2.0°C and the ensemble mean strength is 2.34°C, which indicates 2015/16 El Ni?o event will be very strong but slightly less than that of 1997/98 El Ni?o event(2.40°C) calculated relative a climatology based on the years1992–2014. The prediction results also suggest 2015/16 El Ni?o event will be a transition to ENSO-neutral level in the early spring(FMA) 2016, and then may transfer to La Ni?a in summer 2016.     

东海陆架区 Brunt-Väisälä 频率空－时变化分析

Phillips (1966)指出，Brunt-V?is?l? 频率的分布是海洋中最重要的动力学特征之一。它是研究海水内部运动的一个重要参数，特别是关于海洋内波的研究。Brunt-V?is?l? 频率又称静态稳定性频率，更确切地应称作浮力频率，因为它与分层流体中作绝热移动的流体元的浮力变化相联系。Brunt-V?is?l? 频率(以下缩写成B. V. f.) 记作N。 根据B. V. f. 分布特征研究海水结构及动力学特性的论述颇多，但绝大多数侧重于深海大洋的研究，且时常将其上层撇开，从而可求得一个比较简单的解析式，这显然是由于海洋上层较其下层复杂的缘故。对于浅海陆架的情形，研究得比较少。前田明夫(1974)曾根据日本近岸(5公里以内)三个观测站上1-3天的观测资料，分析研究了日本近海上层海洋短周期海水温度起伏的动力学特性。本文试图对我国东海陆架浅海B.V.f.的空间分布和时间变化特征作一探讨。     

北大西洋佛得角科学考察

1986年11月5日—12月8日,我受联邦德国基尔大学海洋研究所之邀和海洋局二所的委派,有幸参加了该所在北大西洋区域执行的佛得角科学考察任务。本航次分为两个阶段。第一阶段为船只试航;第二阶段为物理海洋学调查。因为前者主要为检验调查船性能和各种船装新型设备的工作情况,故本文将重点介绍该所在物理海洋学调查方面的一些概貌。     

南半球热带外气候变量与两种ENSO的联系

This study uses the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSR) to investigate the responses of the Southern Hemisphere(SH) extratropical climate to two types of El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)—the eastern Pacific(EP) type and the central Pacific(CP) type in different seasons. The responses are denoted by the anomalies of climate variables associated with one-standard-deviation increase in the Ni?o3 or Ni?o4 index. The results show that in austral spring the differences in the ENSO-related anomaly(ERA) patterns of atmospheric circulation between the EP ENSO period(1979–1998) and CP ENSO period(1999–2010) are mainly associated with the change in the ENSO-PSA2 relationship. Such differences affect the ERA fields of surface air temperature and mixed layer temperature, and finally result in significant differences in sea-ice concentration anomalies in the Atlantic sector. In austral summer, significant correlation exists between the variations of SAM and both of the variations of Ni?o3 and Ni?o4 in 1979–1998, while the correlation between SAM and Ni?o4 disappears in 1999–2010. For all seasons, the strength of the climate ERAs depend on if there are close relationship between ENSO and the major climate variation modes of the SH extratropics. For the climate variables, the ERA patterns of surface air temperature are generally controlled by surface wind anomalies and mirrored by the mixed layer temperature anomalies. The mixed layer depth anomalies are primarily modulated by surface heat flux anomalies and occasionally by anomalous wind. There are strikingly strong anomalies of surface heat flux in the autumn of 1979–1998 related to the Ni?o3 variation, the period when there is only significant correlation between ENSO and PSA2. There are no evidence that the SH extratropical climate variability induced by Ni?o3 variations are stronger in the EP-ENSO period, and that variability induced by Ni?o4 variations are stronger in the CP-ENSO period.     

冬季吕宋岛西温度锋的年际变化

Interannual variability of thermal front west of Luzon Island during the winter of 1993–2013 is examined with the method of singular value decomposition(SVD) and a suite of satellite measurements in this paper. It is found that both the area and intensity of the thermal front west of Luzon Island show apparent interannual variability.Further study based on SVD shows that the interannual variability of the thermal front is highly associated with El Ni?o and Southern Oscillation(ENSO), and the correlation coefficient between Ni?o3.4 index and the first Principal Component(PC1) of thermal front can reach –0.65. The mechanism can be described as follows. In El Ni?o(La Ni?a) years, the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) is weakened(enhanced), inducing weaker(stronger) local wind stress curl(WSC) west of Luzon Island, and resulting in weakened(enhanced) Luzon cold eddy, which finally leads to the weakening(enhancement) of the thermal front.     

Response of winter cohort abundance of Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus to the ENSO events

The Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus is an economically important species with one year lifespan,which is significantly influenced by climatic and environmental variability. According to the fishery data of the winter cohort of T. pacificus from 2003 to 2012, as well as environmental data and the Oceanic Ni?o index(ONI,which was defined by the sea surface temperature(SST) anomaly in the Ni?o 3.4 region), variations in the SST,chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration, suitable spawning area(SSA) and sea surface height anomaly(SSHA) on the spawning ground of T. pacificus were examined under the El Ni?o and La Ni?a conditions. Their influences on squid abundance(defined by catch per unit effort, CPUE) were further assessed. The results showed that seasonal changes were found in SST, Chl a and SSA on the spawning ground of T. pacificus. Correlation analysis suggested that annual CPUE was significantly positively correlated with Chl a and SSA(p0.05), but had insignificant relationship with SST(p0.05). Moreover, the El Ni?o and La Ni?a events tended to dominate the changes of SSA and Chl a concentration in the key area between 25°–29°N and 122.5°–130.5°E, driving the variability of squid abundance. However, this influence varied with the intensity of each anomalous climatic event: the weak El Ni?o event occurred, the spawning ground was occupied by waters with enlarged SSA but with extremely low Chl a concentration, leading to low squid recruitment, the CPUE then decreased; the moderate intensity of El Ni?o event resulted in shrunk SSA but with high Chl a concentration on the spawning ground, the squid recruitment and CPUE increased; the moderate intensity of La Ni?a events yielded elevated SSA and high Chl a concentration on the spawning ground, the squid recruitment and CPUE dramatically increased. Our findings suggested that the ENSO events played crucial effects on the incubating and feeding conditions of the winter cohort of T. pacificus during the spawning season and ultimately affected its abundance.     

超强厄尔尼诺事件次年台风生成偏晚原因分析

The 2015/2016 El Ni?o event reached the threshold of super El Ni?o event, and was comparable to the super events in 1982/1983 and 1997/1998. Interestingly, the tropical cyclones(TCs) were found to have very late onsets in the decaying years of the super El Ni?o events. This study discusses the causes of late TC onsets related with atmospheric circulation, disturbance sources and trigger mechanisms. The analysis shows that the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) from January–June during the decaying years of the super El Ni?o events were stronger than the climatic mean, which resulted in a relatively stable atmospheric state by inhibiting deep convection. As a disturbance source, the April–June intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ) during the decaying years of the super El Ni?o events were significantly weaker than its climatic mean. The cross-equatorial flow and monsoon trough, as important TC generation triggers, were weaker from April–June during the decaying years of the super El Ni?o events, which further reduced the probability of TC generation. As for the late TC onsets, the role of atmospheric circulation anomalies(i.e., subtropical-high, the ITCZ, cross-equatorial flow, and monsoon trough) were more important. The cross-equatorial flow may take as predictor of TC onsets in the decaying years of the super El Ni?o events.     

南海北部陆架区蓝圆矢耳石形态特征分析

根据2015年1～5月从南海北部陆架区水域采集的蓝圆(Decapterus maruadsi,Temminck & Schlegel,1843),测量样本矢耳石长?宽?周长?面积?长宽比?圆形趋近率?矩形趋近率?成形系数等形态学参数,分析耳石形态特征,构建耳石形态代表性参数与叉长?体质量的关系.结果显示,该调查所采集的蓝圆耳石呈长梭形,有基叶?翼叶和主间沟,背部的脊突较腹部的叶突明显,中央听沟深且明显.经主成分分析,耳石长?宽?周长?面积?最大半径?最小半径?最小外接矩形面积7个特征为其蓝圆耳石的主要形态特征.蓝圆耳石主要形态特征与叉长和体质量的关系均适合对数函数;蓝圆耳石主要形态特征参数随叉长增长呈稳定增长趋势;耳石主要形态特征参数随体质量的增长呈先快后慢的趋势.耳石各形态特征参数中,耳石外接矩形面积增长最快,最小半径增速最慢.矩形趋近率?圆形趋近率和成形系数变化不显著,轮廓变化差异较小.     

COⅠ基因序列在蛇鳗科鱼类种类鉴定中的的适用性研究

为研究DNA条形码技术在蛇鳗科鱼类分类鉴定中的可行性,选取了蛇鳗科7属10种36个个体进行COⅠ基因扩增,结果共获取36条基因序列,平均长度为655bp,序列中T?C?G?A碱基的平均含量分别为:27.50%?28.10%?26.00%?18.40%,A+T含量均高于50%.样品种内?种间和属间的遗传距离(K2P)分别为:0.52%?20.07%?23.96%,遗传距离随着分类阶元的提高而增大,种间遗传距离是种内遗传距离的38.59倍,符合Hebert提出的相差10倍的物种鉴定标准,表明COⅠ基因序列可以作为蛇鳗科鱼类分类鉴定的有效DNA条形码.     

名人“婚了”爱上岛之威廉王子蜜月地 体验塞舌尔的童话世界

请记住这个名字——塞舌尔(Seychelles),英语发音为“sea shells”.威廉王子和新婚妻子凯特的蜜月度假地——印度洋岛国塞舌尔.连王子都如此倾心塞舌尔群岛,是怎样继凯特之后迷倒威廉王子的呢?未知的美丽旅游者的天堂,应该具备什么?蓝天、碧水、阳光、沙滩、海风?一个美丽的海岛国家应该具有的一切,这里不仅都有,...     

波罗的海水文气象特点

波罗的海位于北纬54°～65°、东经10°～60°,处于斯堪的纳维亚半岛与欧洲大陆之间,是欧洲北部的内陆海。西南经厄勒海峡、卡特加特海峡、斯卡格拉克海峡和基尔运河,与北海相通;东经白海——波罗的海运河进入白海,通向北冰洋。南北长1600km,东西宽约190km;面积约420000km~2,水深70～100m,最深处为459m。北部地势陡峻,南部低平多沙,海岸曲折,多港湾和岛礁。较大的海湾有北部的波的尼     

河口硅酸盐物理化学过程研究——Ⅳ、河口活性硅转移机理的分析

河水带下较多量的溶解硅酸盐(用“硅钼黄法”测出量称为“活性硅”),在河口处与海水混合过程中,溶解硅酸盐有没有一部分转移到非溶解相?是生物吸收转移为主还是无机化学转移为主?最后转移形成什么物质并归宿到何处?有多大部分重新参加硅的地球化学循环?如何循环?这些过程搞清楚,对研究硅在海洋中的地球化学、河口及近海海底沉积的形成与性质、港湾的淤积与变迁、生物的初级生产力以及河口各种水化学特征(进而涉及到河口各种污染物质的分布转移机理),都会有所帮助.它们一直是近十几年来国际上海洋化学工作者所注意的问题之一,然而直到现在仍然争论不休,没有取得一致见解.