建设国家对地观测体系,构筑"数字地球"

论述了“数字地球”的特征与重要意义,指出对地观测是“数字地球”的核心内容之一。建议中国不失时机地组织建设国家对地观测体系。该体系可在信息获取、处理与应用３个层面上构建,并提出近期中国对地观测应优先发展的领域,以持续地为“数字地球”发展作贡献     

机载激光影像制图系统中的3维定位技术

介绍了利用８６３ＡＤＨＨ“机载激光影像制图系统”获得的激光测距数据,飞机ＧＰＳ位置数据和姿态数据进行３维直接对地定位的一系列技术,及其在计算机视觉方面的应用＾「１」。致力于解决如下３个方面的问题：１．如何解算激光测距点末端的３维坐标;２．如何解算已识别目标（高程已知）中每一点的３维坐标;３．影像存在扭曲,如何将现实空间中的直线映射成影像空间中的曲线。本文方法适用于线扫描方式与扫描方式。     

浅论WebGIS可视化与“数字地球”的共通性

WebGIS和数字地球在本质上其实是相通的,它们只是阐述问题的角度不同。WebGIS是从GIS的观点,数字地球则是从普通用户的观点,来共同研究同一个对象——地球信息空间世界。WebGIS三维可视化技术是实现数字地球计划的重要组成部分,是我们建立数字地球的重要途径。本文通过介绍WebGIS可视化相关理论和数字地球相关概念,论证了在建立数字地球工程中WebGIS可视化的作用。     

关于地理空间元数据技术发展趋势的理论探讨

随着“数字地球”、“数字中国”等的实施,地理空间元数据作为促进海量空间信息管理和共享的有力工具,其应用有了较快的发展。本文在分析我国地理空间元数据应用现状的基础上,结合地理空间元数据的应用特点,分析了地理空间元数据的标准化、互操作、自动生成等趋势是地理空间元数据发展的必然,并论述了与这些发展趋势相关的实施方法和技术,以及这些趋势之间的辩证关系。     

"数字地球"的体系结构

根据我们一年来对“数字地球”的研究,从地理信息与信息技术发展和信息化社会的角度出发,系统地介绍了“数字地球”涉及的研究内容、关键技术、应用前景等问题,比较客观地阐明了“数字地球”的相关内容。     

基于City-3 D 3维城市场景的制作

随着“数字地球”、“数字城市”概念的不断深化，作为“数字城市”最基础、最关键的技术“3维城市场景的制作”已成为数字化测绘的新技术亮点；本文在讲述3维城市场景制作的一般原则、方法和关键技术的基础上，着重讲解了在City-3D软件下制作城市3维场景的基本步骤和具体实施方案。     

3维城市模型的可视化研究

本文在对已有的３维（３Ｄ）城市模型进行分析的基础上,着重探讨了建筑物模型的构造方法,提出了一种分层组合模型方法构造建筑 及在此模型基础上的动态显示、空间分析和交互操作等功能,并开发了一个应用系统（３ＤＴＯＯＬ）对３Ｄ城市模型中的地形和建筑物进行整体维动态显示和操作。最后利用约４ｋｍ＾２试验区对本文提出的模型和开发系统进行了全面的实验研究。     

用空间基础数据构建“数字厦门”

作为“数字地球”的子系统－“数字城市”的建设,各地已逐步在实施当中,空间基础数据是构建“数字城市”的基本数据,本文结果“数字厦门”测绘工程,详细阐述了用于构建“数字厦门”的空间基础数据的获取,处理及入库的技术路线,扼要说明了空间基础数据编码体系,并简要介绍了CyberCity和“数字厦门”的应用,将为全面推动“数字城市”的建设起到一定的示范作用。     

分数维的原理及应用

分数维的原理及应用文沃根（中国测绘科学研究院）初等几何集和维的概念是密切联系的。例如对于点，它的维数是０；对于曲线（直线），维数是１；对于曲面（平面），维数是２；而立方体，维数是３等。这是长期以来人们习惯使用的欧氏空间维，也称拓扑维（１，２，３）。但...     

数字影像地图的应用

本文阐述了数字影像地图的概念，介绍了其生成流程、与矢量地图的比较以及数字影像地图在“数字地球”、地球空间框架数据、虚拟现实、空军测绘保障等几个方面的应用。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的设计与实现

随着城市面貌日新月异,地下管网的建设也在持续推进,作为城市的地下“神经网络”,全天24 h保障城市的正常运转和发展。本文以实现城市管网管理系统的高可用、无插件、智能化为目标,采用“地上地下一体”“二三维一体”的设计理念,研究基于WebGL的三维智慧管网系统的关键技术,实现了管线设施管理的信息数字化、空间化与图形化。