黄河口沉积物微量元素的多元统计分析

Some microelements totalled ten of sediment samples have been analysed by emission spectrometer. The samples taken from the nearshore area of the Huanghe River and the Lianhe River and the elements analysed are Ni, Co, Cu, Ga, V, Ti, Pb, Zn, Mo, and Mn. Though multivariate analysis by computer, it shows that the effective discriminant elements for the sediments of estuary area of the Huanghe River and Lianhe River are Ti, Zr, Co, V. The Lianhe River Estuary sediments are characterized by higher content of Zr, Co and the Huanghe River Estuary sediments are characterized by higher content of Ti,V. The trend surface analysis shows that the Ni, Ga, Co and Cu have similar tendency of distribution and are closely related with the clayey sediments; Zr and Ti have the similar trend distribution and closely related with coarser grain sediments; the distribution of Mn is in accordance with the area of higher pH. Eh values and is closely related with fine-sandy sediments.     

Distribution and composition characteristics of heavy minerals in surficial sediment of Minjiang Estuary

Heavy minerals with a size range of 0.125～49.250 mm in the surficial sediment of Minjiang Estuary are studied. Thirty-four heavy minerals have been identified, with an average content of 1.92%. Major minerals include magnetite, epidote, hematite, hornblende, ilmenite, and zircon mica. These types are the same as those in the 0.063～0. 125 mm range; however, the average content is lower, which reveals that the heavy minerals in Minjiang Estuary are mainly enriched in the very-fine sand fraction. According to the content and distribution characteristics of the major heavy minerals, Minjiang Estuary can be divided into 4 mineral assemblage zones. In each zone the assemblage of heavy minerals is greatly affected by the hydrodynamic condition and the sedimentary environment. Heavy mineral types also show that detrital matters in Minjiang Estuary are originated from the weathering and erosion of the bedrock in the Minjiang River drainage area.     

Characteristics of Heavy Minerals Composition and Distribution in Jiulong River Estuary Sediment

The bottom sediment samples were gathered during island investigation in 1994 and in the period of carrying out the natural science fund project of Fujian in 1999.The composition,distribution and assemblage characteristics of heavy minerals which granularity distributes from 0.063 to 0.125mm in the sediment from Jiulong River estuary are studied in the paper.The results show that there are 49kinds of heavy minerals and the average content of them is 9.38%.The dominant and characteristic minerals are magnetite.hematite,epidote,ilmentite,limonite,homblende,zircon,andalusite,biotite and so on,4mineral assemblage zones(Ⅰ.The watercourse gateway of Jiulong River mineral zone,Ⅱ.The northern estuary of Jiulong River mineral zone,Ⅲ.The southern estuary mineral zone,Ⅳ.The eastern estuary of Jiulong River mineral zone),can be divided based on the heavy mineral contents and the sdistribution characteristics,which not only relates to the matter sources but also is controlled by hydrodynamic condition and the sedimentary environment in the Jiulong River estuary.     

夏季渤海西南部及黄河口海域营养盐分布特征

There are few papers dealing with nutrients distribution in the mixing region of the Huanghe River Estuary, although the Huanghe River is one of the largest rivers in China. We investigated nutrients (nitrate nitrite, phosphate and silicate) at 81 stations in the southwest Bohai Sea and the Huanghe River Estuary in July, 1984. The concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate are higher in the estuary and offshore than those in the centre of the Bohai Sea. They are 44.3ug-at/L for nitrate, 0.31ug-at/L for nitrite, 0.36ug-at/L for phosphate and 60.4ug-at/L for silicate. There are negative correlations between nutrients and salinity in this region. The correlation coefficients in surface layer are:γSiO3-si=-0.963(n=81) γPO4-P=-0.829(n=81) γNO3-N=-0.971(n=81) γNO2-N=-0.553(n=81) The correlation coefficients show that, in the surface layer, there are no obvious removal of nutrients during mixing river-water and seawater in the Huanghe River Estuary.     

Distributional Feature of Detrital Minerais in the Superficial Sediment of South Yellow Sea

The composition ofdetrital minerals with grades of 0.063 - 0.25 mm in the superficial sediment of South Yellow Sea is mainly studied in the paper. The research result shows that the minerals can be divided into more than fifty sorts. The light minerals are mainly feldspar, quartz, mica, etc. The heavy minerals are mainly composed of amphibole, epidote, mica. autogeny pyrite, magnetite, hematite, garnet,zircon and so on, which mainly distribute in the sediments of silty clay and lutaceous silt. According to the content and distribution of the main minerals, the research area is divided into five mineral combination provinces. The assembled types of minerals in every province have close relationship with its hydrodynamic conditions and sedimentary environment. And the sorts of detrital minerals also show that the detrital substances in the sedimentary areas mainly originate from the drainage areas of rivers,bedrock weathering, and transformed sediment, etc.     

黄河口及邻近海域中悬浮体的分布特征和季节性变化

The results of the suspended material measurement in the Huanghe River Estuary show that the silt movement in the estuary is different during summer and winter. The centric water-mass in Bohai Sea enters the Laizhou Bay, which makes the fresh water occupy the head of Laizhou Bay and prevents the silt from spveading to the sea.The disturbing of wind in winter makes the sediment resuspend which results in the high content of suspended materials in the water. The distribution of suspended materials and salinity in summer indicate that because of its own momentum, the silt from the Huanghe River will go ahead out of the river mouth and the effect of centric water-mass in the middle Bohai Sea is relatively small in summer. The distributions of suspended materials in the mid and bottom layer water during different seasons show that the primary direction of the siltl movement in the estuary is towards NE, whice coincides with the movement of residual current.Our paper also presents the size distribution of suspended materials.According to the data, we consider that the silt from Huanghe River moves mainly in the surface layer and the Huanghe River Estuary belongs to weak mixing estuary.     

Dispersal of the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) derived sediment in the Holocene

High-resolution Chirp profiling and coring reveals an elongated(ca. 400 km) Holocene Zhujiang River(Pearl River)-derived mud area(maximum thickness 20 m) extending from the Zhujiang River Delta, southwestward off the Guangdong coast, to the Leizhou Peninsula. Two depo-centers, one proximal and one distal, are identified. On the continental shelf off the west Guangdong Province, the mud is deposited in water depth shallower than 50 m; while to the southeast of the Zhujiang River Estuary, the mud area can extend to the-120 m isobath. A combined analysis with the stratigraphic sequences of other muddy deposits in the Western Pacific marginal seas(mainly Changjiang(Yangtze) and Huanghe(Yellow) Rivers derived) indicates that the initiation of the Zhujiang River muddy deposit can be further divided into two stages: Stage 1 is before the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand(ca. 7.0 cal. ka BP), the proximal mud was mostly deposited after 9.0 cal. ka BP, when the sea-level rose slowly after the Meltwater Pulse-1C; Stage 2, after the mid-Holocene sealevel highstand, clinoform developed on the continental shelf off the west Guangdong Province, extending ca. 400 km from the Zhujiang River Estuary. The proximal clinoform thins offshore, from ca. 10 m thickness around 5–10 m water depth to less than 1–2 m around 20–30 m water depth. In addition, we also find a developed distal clinoform in the east of the Leizhou Peninsula.     

胶州湾沉积物中有机碳、三氧化硫和矿物学的初步研究

The present paper deals with the mineralogy and some chemical composition such as Organic Carbon、Carbonate and Sulphate of surficial sediments in Jiaozhou Bay using the data obtained from X-Ray diffraction,chemical analysis and microscopic observation. Quartz、plagioclase、patassium feldspars and clay minerals are the main terrigenous minerals, and calcite is the predominant authigenic mineral in the sediments. Relatively high content of organic carbon and So3 are drainged from industrial waste water from some river running into the Bay. Some X-Ray diffraction data and ratio of integrated intensity of mineral special peaks indicate the distribution tendency of these minerals.     

CARBONATE AND THE CONTROL SYSTEMS OF IRON AND MANGANESE IN SEDIMENT INTERSTITIAL WATERS OF THE EAST CHINA SEA

The study on carbonate systems is a very important subject of early diagenesis in interstitial water chemistry. But in general, the behavior of iron and manganese in marine sediment interstitial water are the typical examples in oxidation-reduction systems, so iron and manganese in marine sediment interstitial waters are controlled by their oxidation-reduction systems.This paper lays emphasis on dolomitization of calcite, dissolution of CaCO3 and phosph-atization of calcite, as well as on the control systems of iron and manganese in interstitial waters of the East China Sea.Nine cores about 60cm depth were obtained by using box corer from three regions of the East China Sea (the outer region off Changjiang River Estuary TORCRE, the Okinawa Trough TOT, and Taiwan Strait North TSN) (Fig. 1). The pH values, Eh, dissolved phosphate, calcium, mangnesium, total alkalinity (ALK), sulfate, iron and manganese in interstitial water were determined. The results are as follows.     

Distributional characteristics of grain sizes of surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary

Distributions of the parameters of sedimentary grain sizes and their correlations were studied to trace the sources of silts and their movement trends in the Zhujiang River Estuary based on the analyses of grain sizes from more than 1080 sedimentary samples. The distributions of the median diameter, public value, quartile deviation, and skewness of sediments were complex in the Zhuiiang River Estuary mainly because of the impact of the matter source regions, distances from the source regions, and hydrodynamic conditions, such as waves, tidal currents, and coastal currents. Analyses of the parameters of the grain sizes for the various types of sediments showed that the distributions of the surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary were controlled by many factors. Their matter sources were mainly the sediments discharged from the runoffs and ebb tidal currents, and from the open sea. The sediments mainly moved by suspension movement. The silts formed a large area of sediments with suspended fine silts in the Zhujiang River Estuary by internal adjustment transportation in the area, and moved toward the western coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary under the effect of Coriolis forces and coastal currents.     

渤海夏季环流的高分辨率海浪-潮汐-环流耦合模式研究

The Bohai Sea is a shallow semi-enclosed inner sea with an average depth of 18 m and is located at the west of the northern Yellow Sea. The climatological circulation pattern in summer of the Bohai Sea is studied by using a wave-tide-circulation coupled model. The simulated temperature and the circulation agree with the observation well. The result shows that the circulation pattern of the Bohai Sea is jointly influenced by the tidal residual current, wind and baroclinic current. There exists an obvious density current along the temperature front from the west part of the Liaodong Bay to the offshore area of the Huanghe Estuary. In the Liaodong Bay there exists a clockwise gyre in the area north to the 40°N. While in the area south to the 40°N the circulation shows a two-gyre structure, the flow from the offshore area of the Huanghe Estuary to the Liaodong Bay splits into two branches in the area between 39°N and 40°N. The west branch turns into north-west and forms an anti-clockwise gyre with the south-westward density current off the west of the Liaodong Bay. The east branch turns to the east and forms a clockwise gyre with the flow along the east coast of the Liaodong Bay. The forming mechanism of the circulation is also discussed in this paper.     

基于AMBI和M-AMBI指数的黄河口及邻近海域底栖生境质量评价

The protection of the biological diversity and the maintenance of the regional ecological integrity for the Huanghe （Yellow River） Estuary and its adjacent areas are practically significant and valuable. However, frequent human activities and natural climate changes have caused vigorous disturbances on the ecosystem in these sea areas. An objective assessment on the benthic habitat quality （BHQ） of the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent areas is conducted, using AZTI＇s Marine Biotic Index （AMBI） and multivariate AMBI （M-AMBI） based on the data of macrobenthos in May and August 2011. The results show that both the indices do not correlate significantly, and their assessment results are greatly different. All of the samples assessed using the AMBI were ＂high＂ or ＂good＂, because the ecological group I （EGI） and the ecological group II （EGII） were dominant macrobenthic ecological groups in the research area. Owing to a low species＇ richness and a high individual abundance in some samples, the BHQ levels using the M-AMBI were worse than those of the AMBI. Significant correlations are observed between the M-AMBI, water depth, bottom water salinity and dissolved inorganic nitrogen, thus the M-AMBI could sensitively respond to environmental changes and distinguish influences from uninfluenced stations, but the AMBI could not. The consistent results between the AMBI and the M-AMBI mainly appeared in the uninfluenced （undisturbed or slightly disturbed） sta- tions. Therefore, the M-AMBI is more effective than the AMBI in assessing the benthic habitat quality in the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent areas. Using the M-AMBI to assess the BHQ of the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent areas, the results show that 3% of the stations are undisturbed and the BHQs are ＂high＂, and 61% of the stations are slightly disturbed and those of the BHQ are ＂good＂, and the rest are meanly disturbed and those of the BHQ are ＂moderate＂.     

A study on suspended matters in the South Huanghai Sea in summer time

A joint investigation of marine geoloy in the South Huanshai Sea was carried out by the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA during 1983～1984. This paper reports the investigation results of the suspended matters in the water column at 55 stations in July, 1984 (summer time). The highest concentration region where the value is less than 0.5 mg/L, is found in the central part of the study area and the southern part of Shandong Peninsula. The Taiwan Warm Current which might obstruct the discharge of the Changjiang River to the east of the sea, appears in the distribution of the suspended matters outside the Changjiang River Estuary. Although lots of materials are brought into the sea during the high flow period of the Huanghe and the Chansjiang Rivers in July, this does not form the main scarce of the suspended matters. The main source is the resuspension of depesits. The materials brought by rivers come the second, and biogeneons components in the sea co     

山东半岛北部滨浅海区表层沉积物铝物源鉴别

Surface sediment samples in the near shore area of the north Shandong Peninsula are collected for grain size and element analyses. The results indicate that the surface sediments in the study area are primarily composed of the silt-sized components similar to the Huanghe River. The total concentration of aluminum varies from 5.57% to7.37%(average(6.33 ± 0.40)%), and its spatial distribution is mainly controlled by the grain size. Correlations between the ratio of aluminum to titanium concentration and aluminum concentration, titanium concentration and the mean grain size indicate that aluminum in the near shore surface sediments is affected majorly by the terrigenous source, and partially by the anthropogenic source. The ratios of aluminum to titanium concentrations are larger than the background value of loess matter at some stations due to the existence of excess aluminum associated with human activities. Thus, the sources of aluminum should be identified firstly when aluminum is used as an index of terrigenous matter even in the near shore area dominated by terrigenous deposits.     

Study of radioactive status in the Zhujiang Estuary and adjacent sea area in South China Sea (SCS)

Through the investigation on radioactive activities of water, sediment and some marine organismsin the Zhujiang Estuary, adjacent sea area and the distributary mouths of the Zhujiang River, activities of total α. radioactivity, total β radioactivity, artificial radioactive 90Srand 157Cs, and factors inflencing the distribution and the content of U in seawater are studied.The mainly radioactive pollution substances and their sources in the sea area are studied by γ spectra obtained from sediment in the sea area. The results show that the main radioactivity substances are natural radioactivity U,Th series and 40K. which were produced by the modern industry and transported into the sea through the main current of the Zhujiang River.     

Study of apparent complexing capacities of trace heavy-metals in the Huanghe River Estuary

-By the electroanalysis method combining the complexation titrating technique with the investigation of ip-Ea* characteristic curves, this paper measures apparent complexing capacities of trace heavy-metals in water samples from the Huanghe River Estuary. The results show that the order of apparent complexing capacities of trace heavy-metals in the samples isCu>Cd>Pb,and that apparent complexing capacities of near shore sample are higher than those far from shore. The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the dissociation of organic ligands and the adsorption effect of cell walls (cells being treated with acid and seawater respectively) are investigated. The reduction (on electrodes) mechanism of species of trace heavy-metals in seawater is approached by ip-Ea* characteristic curves.     

Fish species diversity in the Huanghe Estuary

I~IOXThe Huanghe River is among the largest rivers in the world. It is the cradle of the ChineseciviliZation, and haS a great importance in fisheries. There were some studies on the HuangheRiver fisheries, such as the Repert of the Basic Fishery Biological Su~ of the Huanghai Riber(Anon, 1960), The Fishery Resources Of the Huanghe Riber System (Anon, 1986a). With regard to the fish species diversity in the Huanghe Estuary, there were only some general information from Read of Ichth…     

Effect of regional warming on the abundance of Pseudeuphausia sinica Wang et Chen (Euphausiacea) off the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) Estuary

Distribution and abundance of Pseudeuphausia sinica off the Changjiang River Estuary (30 ° 00′ - 32 ° 00′ N, 122 ° 00′ -123 ° 30 ′E), the East China Sea were studied in relation to environmental features associated with the regional warming. P. sinica is a subtropical species. Off the Changjiang River Estuary, its abundance reached maximum in summer. To examine spatial and temporal changes of P. sinica off the Changjiang River Estuary, the authors have combined all available sampling data in 1979, 1981, and 2000-2007. This database shows that a significant increase in abundances of P. sinica was observed in spring of 2000-2007 as compared with 1979, 1981. The abundance of P. sinica increased from 0.18-0.21 ind./m 3 in 1979 and 1981 to 0.68-4.00 ind./m 3 in 2000-2007. Accordingly, the sea temperature increased obviously from spring of 1979, 1981 to the 2000s. The authors further found a positive relationship between average surface temperature and average abundance of P. sinica. Regional warming, together with the release of predator induced stress due to a sharp decline in the abundance of its predator (e.g., fishes), were thought to be responsible for the increase in abundance of P. sinica in water off the Changjiang River Estuary.     

Preliminary study on the dissolved oxygen distributions and the influential factors in the Daliao River estuary and its adjacent areas

Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were surveyed in the Daliao River Estuary in autumn to investigate the temporal and spatial trends of DO distributions, The results indicate that DO is weakly stratified in the Yingkou section of the Daliao River Estuary, and remains constant vertically in the areas near and out of the entrance. Horizontally, both instantaneous and continuous observations show that the Yingkou section of the Daliao River Estuary is affected by hypoxic conditions; while no conditions of low DO have been observed in the areas near and out of the entrance.DO-salinity correlations exhibit different controlling factors of DO distributions in different sections of the Daliao River Estuary. At the upstream part of the Yingkou section of the Daliao River (A1-A4), oxygen demanding materials and the associated biochemical processes are the main factor controlling the DO distribution, but in the lower part of the Yingkou section and the area near and out of the entrance (A5-A15), tidal advections are more influential for DO distributions.     

Study on the Improvement of Sea-Entering Waterway in the Changjiang Estuary

The Changjiang Estuary is the doorway of the Shanghai Harbour and the throat for the six provinces in the Changjiang River drainage area. However the minimum water depth of the waterway in the estuary is only about six meters, so that the development of the Shanghai Harbour and the utilization of water transportation on the Changjiang River have been greatly restrained. Since 1975, the depth of the sea-entering waterway of the Changjiang Estuary has been successfully increased by one meter. This article has made a comprehensive summing-up about the selection of waterways, the determination of the line for dredging and disposal of the dredged material, thus providing reference data for future work in increasing the depth of the waterway of the Changjiang Estuary and for controlling similar waterways of other estuaries.