GPS天线转动测试系统的设计与应用

介绍了用于检测GPS接收机动态性能的天线转动测试系统,分析了天线圆周转,动引起的多普勒频移变化规律,提出了利用多普勒频移反推卫星仰角的基本方法,同时给出了利用该转动测试系统在检验GPS接收机动态测量精度和跟踪性能等方面的实际应用。     

利用GPS信号测定海拔高的多普勒消除技术

基于重力频移方程,可通过两个接收机接收GPS卫星信号确定频移观测量,由此可确定任意两点之间的重力位差,进而确定它们之间的高程差。在频移测量中,经典多普勒效应是最主要的干扰源。本文阐述了影响频移测量的各种误差源,特别研究了用于消除多普勒效应影响的一种方法,称为多普勒消除法,利用这种方法可以使频移测量的精度大幅度提高。     

频域叠加的大频偏导航信号捕获算法

在卫星导航接收机的设计和实现过程中,信号捕获是卫星信号同步的关键步骤。只有捕获到了正确的相位和多普勒信息,才能初始化跟踪环路,进而完成信号的同步。针对高动态接收机在大频偏条件下实现信号捕获需要进行多次频域搜索,计算量成倍增加的问题,该文以GPS系统为例,分析了多普勒频偏对相关峰的影响,利用频域叠加技术设计了在多普勒频移过大条件下的信号捕获方案。分析结果表明,该捕获方案可以完成大频偏下的信号捕获,降低了多次频域搜索带来的计算量,并且具有较好的捕获性能。     

北斗卫星导航系统和GPS兼容性评估(英文)

北斗卫星导航系统的信号体制与GPS近似且占用相同的频段,不可避免地带来兼容性问题。从理论上分析兼容性评估的重要参数:频谱分离系数、码跟踪谱灵敏度和等效载噪比衰减,阐述伪随机码码长、导航数据速率和码片速率对兼容性计算的影响,在综合考虑信号兼容评估的运算速度和准确性的基础上,提出改进的GNSS兼容性评估模型。以此兼容性评估模型对北斗卫星导航系统和GPS所有频段进行仿真,仿真分析中考虑北斗卫星导航系统和GPS的具体频率分配、信号体制、发射功率、发射带宽、卫星天线增益、仰角、多普勒偏移、信号在空间传播的衰耗以及接收机参数。通过仿真可以看出,当北斗卫星导航系统满星座运行时,GPS对北斗系统的干扰将大于北斗系统对GPS的干扰。     

互相关干扰下微弱GPS信号的直接检测算法

微弱GPS信号的检测是当前的研究热点之一。基于GPS C/A码的互相关干扰理论模型,详细分析研究了强弱信号间的相对载波多普勒频移对互相关干扰的影响,在此基础上,研究了一种新的基于相对载波多普勒频移的微弱GPS信号直接检测算法,该算法不需要对互相干扰进行扣除,计算量小、便于工程实现,仿真结果表明:当干扰信号高出弱信号29dB时,该算法依然可以达到90%以上的检测成功概率。     

GPS多普勒伪距平滑定位与测速方法

针对卫星导航系统受移动载体所处特殊工作环境及状态的影响,导致载波相位观测值发生周跳并引起载波相位平滑伪距产生较大误差的问题,该文提出一种基于高精度且不受周跳影响的多普勒频移观测值对精度相对较低的伪距观测值进行平滑的方法;采用GPS多普勒频移进行伪距平滑,并计算移动载体的位置信息;通过结合求解的位置信息与多普勒频移进一步完成移动载体速度的求取。静、动态实验结果表明:该文提出的多普勒频移平滑伪距算法能够进一步提高载体的定位和测速精度。     

GPS IF信号的计算机模拟和实现

提出了用GPS卫星星历来近似模拟计算载波多普勒频率和卫星信号延迟,进而用计算机模拟GPS接收机的中频数字信号,为软件GPS接收机的模型算法提供数据源.与实际接收的卫星中频数字信号的频谱进行比较,结果表明,用计算机模拟GPS IF信号是可行的和有效的.     

一种基于多普勒频移的GPS自适应滤波算法研究

针对接收机的动态模型对GPS定位精度的影响,提出了一种基于多普勒频移观测的高动态GPS自适应滤波算法。该算法利用GPS伪距测量值以及利用信号载波的多普勒频移所获得的伪距率测量值,在GPS动态滤波中同时观测伪距和伪距率。借助于移动目标的运动矢量模型以及GPS定位误差模型建立了滤波方程。重点讨论了运用该模型进行Kalman滤波的实现过程。仿真实验表明,该模型与传统的方差自适应模型相比,位置精度提高了32%、速度精度提高了25%,应用本文算法能够提高定位精度和改善接收机的动态性能,拓宽高精度、高动态导航的应用范围。     

一种SINS/GPS深组合导航系统技术问题分析

为了满足高动态用户及强干扰条件下的应用需求,提出了一种基于卫星信号矢量跟踪的SINS/GPS深组合导航方法,设计了基于FPGA硬件平台的实施方案。利用组合卡尔曼滤波器反馈回路取代了传统接收机中独立、并行的跟踪环路,能够同时完成所有可视卫星信号的跟踪和导航信息处理;通过矢量跟踪算法对所有可视卫星信号进行集中处理,能够增强跟踪通道对信号载噪比变化的适应能力,从而提高接收机在强干扰或信号中断条件下的跟踪性能;根据SINS导航参数和星历信息推测GPS伪码相位和多普勒频移等参数,用以辅助卫星信号的捕获和跟踪,能够大大缩短接收机的搜索捕获时间,并增强接收机在高动态条件下的跟踪性能。基于矢量跟踪的深组合方法不仅在GPS信号短暂中断期间,能够保证系统的导航精度和可靠性,而且在强干扰环境中能够维持较好的伪码相位和载波频率跟踪性能。     

卫星通信多普勒频移计算方法研究

多普勒频移是卫星通信过程中的一个不能忽视的现象。分析了目前计算圆轨道卫星星地链路多普勒频移的几种主要方法，指出了当前教材中引用较多的一个计算公式的不合理之处，并对其进行了重新推导与更正。随后给出了一种以链路距离变化率作为相对速度来计算多普勒频移的新方法。仿真结果表明，所给方法更为简便、准确。     

Short Note: On the Relativistic Doppler Effect for Precise Velocity Determination using GPS

The Doppler effect is the apparent shift in frequency of an electromagnetic signal that is received by an observer moving relative to the source of the signal. The Doppler frequency shift relates directly to the relative speed between the receiver and the transmitter, and has thus been widely used in velocity determination. A GPS receiver-satellite pair is in the Earth’s gravity field and GPS signals travel at the speed of light, hence both Einstein’s special and general relativity theories apply. This paper establishes the relationship between a Doppler shift and a user’s ground velocity by taking both the special and general relativistic effects into consideration. A unified Doppler shift model is developed, which accommodates both the classical Doppler effect and the relativistic Doppler effect under special and general relativities. By identifying the relativistic correction terms in the model, a highly accurate GPS Doppler shift observation equation is presented. It is demonstrated that in the GPS “frequency” or “velocity” domain, the relativistic effect from satellite motion changes the receiver-satellite line-of-sight direction, and the measured Doppler shift has correction terms due to the relativistic effects of the receiver potential difference from the geoid, the orbit eccentricity, and the rotation of the Earth.     

一种DBS多普勒中心的估计算法

多普勒中心估计是DBS成像的重要问题,其估计的准确性决定了扫描中心角补偿、距离走动校正等多项性能的精度。对DBS基本原理和多普勒中心估计进行了介绍,提出了采取相关函数法完成精确多普勒中心估计,利用距离走动率进行解模糊的方法,并进行了仿真分析。还提出了采取三重频法来避开多普勒盲区,从而得到无模糊的多普勒中心,保证高精度的成像。     

基于GPS单频软件接收机的捕获与跟踪算法实现

在分析基于软件无线电全球定位系统（GPS）接收机结构的基础上,研究了GPS单频软件接收机的捕获和跟踪算法,并基于MATLAB平台在PC上仿真了GPS单频软件接收机样机。信号捕获采用基于快速傅里叶变换（FFT）的并行码相位搜捕算法;信号跟踪联合使用超前滞后非相干延迟锁定环和科斯塔斯环的跟踪环结构。采用实测数据对信号捕获、跟踪算法进行了分析和验证。结果表明：仿真的GPS单频软件接收机具备基本的基带信号处理功能。     

任意椭圆轨道下星载SAR多普勒参数的精确计算

国内外已有文献在推导星载SAR多普勒参数计算公式的过程中,均未考虑椭圆轨道下卫星航迹角不为零的影响,这使得已有公式只能近似地使用在近圆轨道上。如果用于大偏心率轨道,误差较大,将严重降低多普勒参数估计过程的收敛速度。为此,本文将航迹角的影响因素考虑在内,推导出可在任意偏心率轨道下使用的计算公式。针对小偏心率和大偏心率轨道,分别设计了一组仿真试验并进行了对比,结果表明:在大偏心率轨道下,航迹角对多普勒参数确有重要影响。     

A preventative approach to mitigating CW interference in GPS receivers

In the global positioning system (GPS), code division multiple access (CDMA) signals are used. Because of the known spectral characteristics of the CDMA signal, continuous wave (CW) interference has a predictable effect on the different pseudo random noise (PRN) spreading codes (unique to each satellite) depending on the Doppler frequency of the signal. The Doppler frequency for each signal is also predictable once the receiver position is known. As different satellite signals have different Doppler frequencies, the effect on the signal quality is also different. In this paper first the effect is studied analytically. The concept of an “exclusion zone” is defined and analyzed for each satellite. This exclusion zone, where that satellite should not be used due to interference degradation, is shown to be predictable for each satellite as a function of time. Using this prediction, the CW interference effect on the positioning quality of the receiver can be mitigated by ignoring the affected satellites within exclusion zones when performing position evaluation. The threshold beyond which a satellite should be excluded is then derived by studying the mutual effects of the geometry and the signal quality of that satellite on the positioning quality. Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) uses redundancy in measurements to perform an internal consistency check to see if all of the measurements are satisfactory. In this paper this technique is also used to mitigate the effect of CW interference on the positioning accuracy. Finally it is shown that the prediction of the exclusion zone for each satellite outperforms the RAIM algorithm in mitigation the effect of the interference when 5 satellites are visible. An erratum to this article can be found at     

A scheme for weak GPS signal acquisition aided by SINS information

In order to enhance the acquisition performance of global positioning system (GPS) receivers in weak signal conditions, a high-sensitivity acquisition scheme aided by strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) information is proposed. The carrier Doppler shift and Doppler rate are pre-estimated with SINS aiding and GPS ephemeris, so that the frequency search space is reduced, and the dynamic effect on the acquisition sensitivity is mitigated effectively. Meanwhile, to eliminate the signal-to-noise ratio gain attenuation caused by data bit transitions, an optimal estimation of the unknown data bits is implemented with the Viterbi algorithm. A differential correction method is then utilized to improve the acquisition accuracy of Doppler shift and therefore to meet the requirement of carrier-tracking loop initialization. Finally, the reacquisition experiments of weak GPS signals are implemented in short signal blockage situations. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the acquisition accuracy and sensitivity and shorten the reacquisition time.     

基于LEO卫星信道的OFDM系统频偏估计算法

针对LEO信道多径衰落的特性，提出了OFDM系统频率偏差估计算法。实验结果表明，本文提出的整数倍频偏估计算法的错误概率低，小数倍频偏估计算法的均方误差小，适用于纠正基于LEO信道的OFDM系统频率偏差。     

北斗在轨卫星钟中长期钟差特性分析

针对北斗在轨卫星Rb原子钟2013年的实测数据,采用二次多项式拟合得到BDS卫星钟差模型,采用哈达玛总方差公式计算了北斗卫星钟的短期频率稳定度指标,进而分析了北斗在轨卫星钟特性指标的变化规律。通过实例计算,揭示了BDS不同在轨卫星钟的相位、频率、频漂及残差指标的变化规律;计算得出BDS卫星钟万秒频率稳定度维持在10-13量级左右,其中GEO卫星钟的稳定度相对较差,4号和8号卫星在运行期间出现跳变,跳变之后稳定性得到提高,其他在轨卫星钟稳定度变化趋势则相对平稳。