我国首次发现的天然硅铋石的矿物学研究

硅铋石是一种极为罕见的铋的硅酸盐矿物,本次报道的天然硅铋石产于我国内蒙古自治区东乌旗朝不楞矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床中,附生在蔷薇辉石晶洞或裂隙中的透闪石纤维上。常见四面体{111}及三角三四面体晶形,一般粒径为0.07～0.15mm,颜色多为浅黄色,透明,玻璃光泽,性脆,条痕为无色,维氏硬度VHN_（100g）=487～583kg/mm²,平均535kg/mm²,摩氏硬度5,计算密度7.11g/cm³,计算折射率N=2.15。矿物化学分子式为Bi₄Si₃O₁₂。X射线衍射强线[d（Å）（I）]为4.26（85）、3.29（100）、2.77（79）、2.11（45）和1.67（33）,结构精修晶胞参数a=10.116（2）Å,V=1035.2（7）ų,空间群为I43d,Z=4。本文还对硅铋石的成因进行了初步探讨。     

对下庄矿田沥青铀矿形成机理的认识

本文在分析下庄矿田成矿地质背景的基础上,对该矿田成矿热水溶液中铀的存在形式、铀酰络合物的氧化还原临界电位值和水-铀比电位值进行了计算。计算结果表明,成矿热液中,铀的迁移形式为UO₂(CO₃)₂^2-、UO₂F^3-和UO₂F₄^2-,其Ehcu和Ehw,u值分别为-0.18 ~0.46 V和-0.44~ -0.5 eV。CO₂和F^-, 是铀成矿的主要矿化剂。沥青铀矿是在地壳处于拉张环境,水-铀比电位值小于零的条件下形成的。     

国内首次发现的束磷钙铀矿的矿物学特征

国内首次发现的粤北下庄铀矿田竹筒尖矿床产出的束磷钙铀矿,在空间上与微晶石英和变钙铀云母紧密共生。该矿物多为纤维状、束状和放射状集合体;亮黄色,玻璃光泽,透明;条痕为浅黄色,摩氏硬度约为3;其具有一组平行于{010}的完全解理及平行于{100}和{001}的两组解理,贝壳状断口呈油脂光泽;单偏光下,该矿物为淡黄色;正交偏光下,具有鲜艳的高级干涉色。光性特征为对称消光,二轴晶负光性,正延性。电子探针分析显示,矿物主要由U、P、Ca这3种元素组成,其平均含量分别为UO368.64%、P2O511.70%、CaO 9.21%和杂质0.28%,另有H2O9.25%,总量99.26%。按O=16计算的经验化学式可写为(Ca2.02,K0.05,Mg0.01)2.08(UO2,TiO2,PbO)2.97O1.97(PO4)2.03·6.32 H2O。X射线粉晶衍射分析表明,该矿物属于正交晶系,空间群为Pbca,晶胞参数:a=1.742 3(5)nm,b=1.603 2(4)nm,c=1.359 9(2)nm;α=β=γ=90°,V=3.798 64 nm3;强衍射线有7.994和4.003等。矿物的红外吸收光谱强峰主要为3 427.10、1 622.05、1 062.62、973.26和890.91 cm-1等。上述特征与已知的束磷钙铀矿极其类似。     

南天山拜城县波孜果尔A型花岗岩类锆石U-Pb定年及其Lu-Hf同位素组成

新疆拜城县波孜果尔A型花岗岩类岩体位于塔里木地台北缘及邻区的近东西向碱性侵入岩带上,主要岩石类型为霓石钠闪石英碱长正长岩、霓石钠闪碱长花岗岩、黑云母碱长正长岩。全岩SiO₂=68.97%~74.14%,Na₂O+K₂O=9.67%~11.19%,Al₂O₃=13.72%~15.26%,Fe₂O₃=0.18%~1.41%,FeO=0.91%~1.51%,CaO=0.35%~0.63%。稀土元素总量较高,ΣREE=298×10^-6~1286×10^-6,平均706×10^-6,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,强烈的Eu负异常,呈“右倾海鸥型”的稀土元素配分模式。富Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=936×10^-6~3684×10^-6,平均1813×10^-6。为A1型花岗岩。岩体形成于早二叠纪。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为287.7~291.6Ma,平均289.8Ma,岩体形成后,在279.1~282Ma左右经历了后期热液流体的改造。锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-6.3~9.0,两阶段模式年龄（t_DM2）跨越古元古代晚期-新元古代中期,主要集中在中元古代。岩浆平均温度832~839℃,形成于非造山的板内构造环境,且具高温、无水、低氧逸度的成岩特点。该岩体具有壳幔混源的特点。     

河南嵩县庙岭金矿区花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征

河南嵩县庙岭金矿区地处华北陆块南缘熊耳山-外方山地区,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,庙岭金矿区花岗斑岩的成岩年龄为157Ma左右。岩石地球化学数据显示岩石具有高硅,富钾、铝而贫钠,低铁、镁、钙的特征,SiO₂含量为75.06%～77.66%,全碱含量（Na₂O+K₂O）为7.05%～7.39%;稀土元素总量较低,ΣREE=25.74×10^-6～32.63×10^-6,轻重稀土元素分馏明显,LREE/HREE=6.74～9.53,Eu具有中等的负异常;微量元素富集Rb、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素和Th、U,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素和Ba、Sr。Pb同位素分析结果显示庙岭金矿区花岗斑岩的Pb主要来自于下地壳;全岩的（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i=0.706207～0.711774,εNd（t）值变化于-19.0～-17.8之间,t_DM2=2.39～2.49Ga。岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成特征显示庙岭金矿区花岗斑岩的源区物质主要来自于古老下地壳,可能为太古宙太华群。     

广西佛子冲大型铅锌多金属矿床的成因：流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素地球化学约束

佛子冲矿床发育在钦杭成矿带南段广西境内,是近年来在全国危机矿山接替资源勘查项目中取得重要突破的一处大型铅锌多金属矿床。本研究通过流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素地球化学研究手段,重点提取了佛子冲矿床古益矿区深部矿段的成因信息。流体包裹体分析表明,早期硫化物阶段（阶段I）出现含子矿物型、CO₂-H₂O型及H₂O型包裹体类型组合,而主成矿阶段（阶段Ⅱ）和晚期硫化物阶段（阶段Ⅲ）则变化为相对单一的H₂O型包裹体,成矿流体的均一温度和盐度均表现出从成矿作用早期到晚期逐渐降低的趋势。H、O同位素（δD值介于-59‰~-41‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O值介于-5.47‰~4.00‰）和流体包裹体成分指示,初始成矿流体可能来自于岩浆分异热液,但随着成矿作用的进行,天水热液的掺入比例显著增大。矿石硫化物的δ³⁴S值集中于2.3‰~4.3‰,指示矿化剂S主要来自于矿区内的中酸性岩浆岩体系。矿石铅的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值为18.592~18.794,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值为15.648~15.864,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值为38.909~39.580,数据分布呈线性趋势,且正好落入岩浆铅和地层铅之间,构成一条混合线,它指示了成矿物质可能具有岩浆源和地层源的混合属性。野外地质和矿床地球化学证据都表明,佛子冲矿床的发育与燕山晚期（106Ma）的花岗斑岩侵入事件密切相关,该期岩浆作用在矿区内导致了强烈的热液流体活动并产生了显著的铅锌银多金属成矿效应。河三和古益两个矿区的矿化类型有所不同,前者代表了产在斑岩接触带的矽卡岩型,而后者代表了远离斑岩的中低温热液充填交代型,二者在整体上构成了一个以Pb-Zn为主矿种的岩浆热液流体成矿系统。     

广东园珠顶铜钼矿床花岗斑岩年代学、地球化学特征及锆石Hf同位素

园珠顶铜钼矿床位于钦杭成矿带南段的大瑶山隆起北缘,为大型斑岩型铜钼矿床。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得了花岗斑岩的高精度成岩年龄,为（154.3±1.7） Ma （n=12,MSWD=3.1）,为晚侏罗世岩浆活动的产物,与辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素年龄155 Ma相吻合。岩石地球化学分析表明,园珠顶花岗斑岩高硅〔w（SiO₂）为68.81%~70.21%〕、富碱〔w（Na₂O）+w（K₂O）为6.78%~8.01%〕、准铝质-弱过铝质（A/CNK为0.96~1.04）;稀土元素总量中等（ΣREE 为142.15×10^-6~170.83×10^-6）,富集轻稀土元素（ΣLREE 为135.05×10^-6~162.34×10^-6）,轻重稀土元素分馏明显〔（La/Yb）_N=30.97~32.10〕,弱的Eu负异常（δEu=0.86~0.89）,稀土元素配分模式总体右倾;岩石相对富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素（LILE）及高场强元素Th、U,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）及部分大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr。LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石Hf 的原位分析表明,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值变化于0.282 500~0.282 801之间,ε_Hf（t）值介于-6.27~4.19。综合分析表明,园珠顶花岗斑岩为准铝质-弱过铝质的I型花岗岩,具有壳幔混合源成因,锆石ε_Hf（t）值反映了园珠顶花岗斑岩的成岩源区较为复杂,总体具亏损岩浆源区的特征,以幔源物质为主,但在岩浆侵位过程中遭受了古老地壳物质的混染。结合区域构造背景和前人研究成果,认为园珠顶斑岩体及铜钼矿,与钦杭成矿带北段的永平铜矿具有一致的成岩成矿构造背景,形成于板块俯冲环境。     

福建紫金山矿田浸铜湖矿床石英正长斑岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其岩石地球化学特征

浸铜湖斑岩铜（钼）矿床位于福建紫金山矿田的北东侧,本文分析了出露于该矿床的石英正长斑岩的主量元素、稀土和微量元素组成,Nd同位素组成,并对其进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。研究结果显示,岩石SiO₂含量变化于57.59%~71.19%,岩石全碱含量为7.73%~10.01%,里特曼指数σ为 2.21~6.05,铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.24~1.53,为过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列。稀土元素总量为152×10^-6~212×10^-6,具有弱Eu负异常（Eu/Eu^*=0.71~0.97）,（La/Yb）_N为16.62~33.49,表现出轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损。微量元素具有亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,富集大离子亲石元素的特点,显示弧岩浆作用特点。岩石具有低的ε_Nd（t）值和低的Nd模式年龄,分别为-6.60~-4.37和1.25~1.43Ga,显示壳-幔相互作用特征。对石英正长斑岩两个样品的锆石进行激光探针等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）U-Pb微区测定,结果分别为95.3±0.9Ma和96.7±0.9Ma,为晚白垩世早期岩浆活动产物。结合已有的研究成果,本文认为石英正长斑岩形成于拉张的构造背景之下,由受到俯冲组分改造或影响的岩石圈地幔物质与中、下地壳物质部分熔融形成的花岗质岩浆混合形成。     

西准噶尔巴音达拉地区卡拉岗组火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

西准噶尔巴音达拉地区发育一套酸性火山岩,被称为卡拉岗组,岩石组合以流纹岩、英安岩、流纹质熔结凝灰岩等酸性火山岩为主。本文对卡拉岗组火山岩进行高精度锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得英安岩和流纹岩的加权平均²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄分别为（294.4±1.3）Ma（n=9,MSWD=0.8）和（298.4±2.5）Ma（n=9,MSWD=3.4）,其形成于早二叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明,卡拉岗组火山岩岩具有高硅（66.69%~75.21%）,富碱（Na₂O+K₂O：6.98%~8.35%）,低MgO（0.18%~1.32%）,贫钙（0.24%~2.49%）的特征,均属过铝质（A/CNK：1.14~1.33）及高钾钙碱性系列。微量元素数据显示,稀土总量为∑REE为83.82×10^-6~197.61×10^-6,（La/Yb）_N=3.15~12.50,轻、重稀土元素分馏比较明显,轻稀土元素（LREE）较为富集,重稀土元素分布相对平坦,球粒陨石标准化配分模式为右倾型。微量元素富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）Rb、Th、U、K,并亏损高场强元素（HFSE）_Nb、Ta、P、Ti。综合最新区域资料及本文研究成果,文章认为研究区早二叠世卡拉岗组火山岩岩浆来源于壳源物质不同程度的部分熔融,残留相中有少量斜长石和角闪石,为后碰撞伸展阶段的产物。     

北秦岭太白山晚中生代正长花岗岩成因及其地质意义

本文对北秦岭中段太白岩体北部正长花岗岩进行了系统研究.结果表明,岩石为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,SiO₂=68.49%~72.84%,富Al₂O₃(14.13%~16.48%),相对富K₂O,K₂O/Na₂O=0.45~1.57(多数样品大于1),A/CNK=0.97~1.05,属于准铝质-铝质系列.岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具弱负Eu 异常(δEu=0.58~0.89),高Sr、低Yb/Y.正长花岗岩锶同位素初始比值I_Sr=0.7053~0.7112,ε_Nd(t)=-18.6~-0.1(平均为-9.2),二阶段模式年龄t_2DM值为0.83~2.11Ga,变化较大,显示其源区主要为古老的壳源物质.铅同位素比值²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.492~17.524,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.470~15.485,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=37.750~38.097,与南秦岭基底相近.锆石U-Pb年龄为153.17±0.89Ma和151.0±1.4Ma,形成于晚中生代.太白正长花岗岩源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,并有年轻幔源组分的参与,形成于挤压向伸展转换的深部动力学背景.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of