概率成像方法对地下球体定位的应用研究

概率成像方法是一种新颖的成像方法。它是利用测量的地面电场函数与电场扫描函数进行归一化的互相关运算，从而对地下电荷进行定位。本文对电法勘探中，地下球体进行了概率成像研究，给出了理论模型和成像结果，从而也证明概率成像方法确实是一种行之有效、计算简便的方法。     

逆时偏移中的归一化加权互相关成像条件及应用

成像条件是决定声波方程叠前逆时深度偏移效果的重要因素。常规的归一化互相关成像条件能补偿深部地层的反射波能量,但无法压制地震波逆时偏移过程中产生的偏移噪声。针对归一化互相关成像条件的主要缺陷,从二维声波方程出发,在交错网格空间中推导了声波方程逆时延拓的高阶有限差分格式和PML吸收边界条件,进而在对常规互相关成像条件分析的基础上对其进行改进,给出了一种加权互相关成像条件,即在成像过程中利用炮检波场的夹角进行加权校正,以实现只利用炮点下行波场与接收点上行波场进行成像的目标。模型数据和实测资料偏移结果表明,归一化加权互相关成像条件成像效果明显优于常规归一化互相关成像条件。     

自然电场的概率成像方法评价

对概率成像方法的原理作了详细的阐述,并对一些简单的有规则的模型进行了成像模拟;分析了扫描函数的选取、分辨能力、局限等对概率成像法的分辨能力的影响.     

基于互相关函数对钻孔雷达层析成像的改进

常用的旅行时提取方法在针对大收发角度数据进行提取时,因其低信噪比而显得较为艰难且不够准确。提出一种新的基于互相关函数的方法对旅行时提取方法进行改进。首先对数据进行归一化并按角度对数据分类;然后对相同收发角度数据与该角度信噪比最大的数据进行互相关处理并叠加,从而得到该收发角度数据的参考波形;最后根据参考波形的初至波到达时间对该角度数据进行互相关处理,得到每道数据的初至波旅行时。通过计算机模拟的结果和对RAMAC雷达采集的实际数据进行分析处理的结果,对该方法的准确性进行了论证,与常规旅行时提取法得出的层析成像图相对比,该方法得到的层析成像图更为精确、清晰,能为判断地下异常提供更为有力的帮助。     

逆时偏移双向照明波场分离成像条件

通过对波场分离互相关成像条件与炮-检点双向照明互相关成像条件进行研究,将两种方法在噪声消除和补偿成像振幅畸变方面的优势进行结合,提高成像分辨率,改进现有成像条件。其主要步骤是将震源和检波点波场分离成它们的单程波传播分量,采用双向照明补偿互相关成像条件对需要的波场进行成像。通过对模型试算,验证了笔者提出的成像条件能有效的压制噪音,补偿成像振幅。     

地质雷达资料的偏移速度分析和叠前偏移

地质雷达资料偏移成像的精度与地下介质介电常数分布的确定精度有直接关系.提出用全局最优化偏移速度分析方法求取介电常数分布.目标函数定义为各共成像点道集零延迟归一化互相关值之和.在假设地下介质是分块的,且每块介质的介电常数可以用有限项的与空间坐标有关的多项式函数来表示的前提下,用遗传算法由浅至深逐块确定使目标函数达到最大的多项式函数的各项系数从而确定介电常数.叠前偏移用时间域有限差分求解麦克斯韦方程组的逆时偏移方法实现.合成雷达记录的偏移速度分析和偏移叠加结果表明,全局最优化偏移速度分析有较高的精度,偏移叠加剖面与实际构造一致.     

近红外地物光谱仪设计新方案的初步探讨

本文提出了一种能够提高近红外（１．０—２．５μｍ）地物光谱仪信噪比的设计方案，即采用单元（而非多元）探测器同时记录多个分辨单元（波段）的合成信号。然后进行光谱分辨率复原运算求出光谱曲线。光学系统中的单色仪不同于艾伯特型的主要之点在于入缝宽度远大于出缝宽度，其次入缝前的前置聚光系统包含有场镜     

P-III分布参数的概率权重矩法S函数计算

概率权重矩法是一种估计统计分布参数的方法.本文根据不完全Γ函数在无限区间积分,推导了P-Ⅲ分布参数的S函数的计算公式.通过现有计算公式比较,其计算结果具有较高的计算精度,避免了的大量的数值积分计算.文中公式只要借助于计算编程进行求解,给定超几何函数项一定的截断误差,其运算具有较高的运行速度.文中计算公式是一种P-Ⅲ分布参数S函数的计算途径.     

基于分段波形互相关的井下随采地震数据成像

随采地震勘探是以采煤机为震源的被动地震探测技术，由于采煤机是不断移动的、且其激发的是一种连续信号，因此常规数据处理方法无法直接应用。提出分段波形互相关方法，通过将采煤机产生的数据分段，采用互相关方法提取有效信号的走时，然后利用速度层析成像方法对工作面内部和切眼前方进行速度成像。利用波动方程对含异常体的工作面模型进行随采地震数值模拟，反演得到的成像结果和速度模型基本吻合；实际随采地震数据测试中，利用该方法对采煤机震源数据反演得到采动过程中地震波传播速度的成像结果，实现了对工作面内应力异常变化区域的实时动态监测。研究结果表明:基于分段互相关成像方法能解决采煤机震源信号处理问题，满足随采地震勘探技术实时性和稳定性的要求。      

基于多重互相关函数分析剪切波速

介绍了一种提高单孔法剪切波速测量精度的新方法-多重互相关函数法。考虑到判断场地剪切波到时差的困难,提出了用多重互相关函数来求得两剪切波的到时差。互相关分析可求取两相似信号的到时差,但当两信号相似性比较差时,所求得到时差的误差较大;自相关函数本身可进行多重自相关分析,互相关函数结合多重自相关函数后,也可以进行多重互相关分析来求取两相似信号的到时差。试验表明：相比互相关函数,多重互相关函数可改善触发信号和井中三分向探头输出信号的相似性及更好地抑制噪声,因此能更精确地计算出触发信号和井中三分向探头输出信号的的到时差。基于此原理设计了剪切波波速的测试系统,此系统能自动分析出测点的剪切波速和形成完整的报告。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of