四川省土壤元素含量和生态农业地质研究

论述了四川省土壤元素含量和农作物优质高产与土壤环境中化学元素N、P、K、S、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo、V、Sr、Ti、Mg、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Y、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Ca、Co、Ni、F、F、Tl、Si、Na、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg、Se、Ba、Te、Ta有密切的关系。提出了生态农业地质研究的目的、内容、方法、管理及其前景。     

长江中下游地区地下水中化学元素的背景特征及形成

本文论证了长江中下游地区地下水中钾、钠、钙、镁、硅、铁、锰、铬、镍、钒、钴、钛、钼、铜、铅、锌、砷、汞、镉、铍、锂、锶、硼、氟、氯、溴、碘的背景特征、形成及分布规律,探讨其与地下水的含水介质成分,上覆岩土性质、氧化还原环境、地下水的径流条件和矿化度以及地下水的酸碱度之间的关系。     

Accumulation and sources of heavy metals in urban topsoils: a case study from the city of Xuzhou, China

The knowledge of the variability, the anthropogenic versus natural origin and corresponding environmental risk for potentially harmful elements in urban topsoils is of importance to assess human impact. The aims of the present study were: (1) to assess the distribution of heavy metals (Sn, Li, Ga, Ba, Fe, Mn, Co, Be, Ti, Al, Hg, Cr, Sb, As, Bi, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Se, Mo, Sc and Ag) in urban environment; (2) to discriminate natural and anthropogenic contributions; and (3) to identify possible sources of pollution. Multivariate statistic approaches (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) were adopted for data treatment, allowing the identification of three main factors controlling the heavy metal variability in Xuzhou urban topsoils. Results demonstrate that Hg, Cr, Sb, As, Bi, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Cd, Br, Zn, Cu, S, Pb, Se, Mo, Sc and Ag could be inferred to be tracers of anthropogenic pollution, whereas Al, Ti, Ga, Li, V, Co, Pt, Mn and Be were interpreted to be mainly inherited from parent materials. Iron, Ba, Sn, Pd and Br were interpreted to be affected by mixed sources.     

The Background Features and Formation of Chemical Elements of Groundwater in the Region of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

The paper deals with the background features, formation and distribution of the chemical el-ements K, Na, Ca, Mg, Si, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni,V, Co, Ti, Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Hg, Cd, Be, Li, Sr, B,F, Cl, Br and I in the groundwater in the region of the middle and lower reaches of the YangtzeRiver and their relations to the composition of the water-bearing media, properties of the overly-ing rocks and soils, redox environment, and groundwater flow condition, mineralization and pHof groundwater.     

Neutron-Capture Prompt Gamma-Ray Multielement Analysis of Twenty-Two Geochemical Reference Standards

Twenty-two geochemical reference standards obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey (AGV-1, PCC-1, G-2, GSP-1, BHVO-1, MAG-1, QLO-1, RGM-1, SCo-1, SDC-1, SGR-1, STM-1, BIR-1, DNC-1, W-2, Nod A-1, Nod P-1), the National Bureau of Standards (SRM 278 Obsidian, SRM 688 Basalt), the International Atomic Energy Agency (Soil-5, SL-1 Lake Sediment), and Batelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories (COS-1 Oil Shale) have been analyzed for up to twenty-one major, minor, and trace elements from the group of H, B, C, N, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Nd, Sm and Gd. The technique used, in-beam neutron-capture prompt γ-ray activation analysis (PGAA), is described and the data are compared to those from other studies.     

中国构造-地层大区划分新方案

中国大陆是由泛华夏陆块群、劳亚和冈瓦纳2个大陆边缘、3个大洋(古亚洲洋、特提斯洋和太平洋)洋陆转换逐渐集合 长大而成的.在中国大陆增生过程中,经历了多个大洋岩石圈板块构造向大陆岩石圈构造转换、增生、碰撞聚集,形成了以华 北、塔里木、扬子为核心的3个陆块(地台)区、8个造山系(阿尔泰-兴蒙、天山-准噶尔-北山、秦-祁-昆、羌塘-三江、冈 底斯、喜马拉雅、华夏、台东)镶嵌组成的复式大陆.在造山系中,还包含了大洋消亡、陆陆碰撞形成的6个对接带(额尔齐斯- 西拉木伦、南天山、宽坪-佛子岭、班公湖-双湖-怒江-昌宁-孟连、雅鲁藏布、江绍-郴州-钦防).根据中国大陆的上述地 史演化特点,提出按陆块区(地台区)、造山带区和对接带区不同的大地构造环境和大地构造演化阶段、造山带区洋-陆转化 时间、生物古地理区系、地层类型与地层序列等9条原则进行全国构造-地层大区综合区划新方案.上述3大陆块区、6大对接 带和8大造山系构成了中国大陆的17个构造-地层大区.      

新疆主要矿床的区域成矿件的初步探讨

1. The division of main tectonic regions and their minerogenetic belts. In quite a few fold zones of geosynclinal systems, such as Altay, Junggar, Tianshan, Kunlun and Beishan Mountains, there exist ore zones of rare metals, muscovite, Fe, Cr, Mn, Au, P, asbestos, nonferrous metals, etc., whereas in Tarim platform, Fe, Al, Zn, Cr, P, S, Cu and coal minerogenetic belts have already been found. 2. Minerogenetic relations between major types of ore deposits and magmatic series, sedimentary formation, or metamorphic facies. Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe and rare metals of magmatic type are related to magnesian ultrabasic, ferruginous basic-ultrabasic or acid-alkaline rocks, nonferrous and noble metals, Fe and asbestos of hydrothermal type are found associated with acid, intermediate-acid intrusive rocks generally rich in alkali; rare metals and muscovite of pegmatitic type are genetically in connection with acid-alkaline rocks, Fe of volcanic type has to do with alkali-rich acid to basic eruptive rocks, coal, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Pb, Zn, P and S of sedimentary type occur mostly in clastic carbonate-rocks, siliceous carbonate rocks, detrital rocks, red beds, salt-bearing or coal-bearing formations, Fe, P of sedimentary-metamorphic type are preserrt: within such metamorphic facies as ferro-siliceous hornblendite, green schist-marble or siliceous-magnesian carbonatite. 3. Regularity of the formation and distribution of ore deposits. The formation and distribution of ore deposits are generally characterued by zoning, fault-controlling, polycycles, stratabinding, inheritance, regeneration, ore combination, equidistance, migration and superimposition, with individual ore deposit having its specific characteristics.     

Amphiboles of the Khibiny alkaline pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia

The rocks of the Khibiny pluton contain 25 amphibole varieties, including edenite, fluoredenite, kaersutite, pargasite, ferropargasite, hastingsite, magnesiohastingsite, katophorite, ferrikatophorite, magnesiokatophorite, magnesioferrikatophorite, magnesioferrifluorkatophorite, ferrimagnesiotaramite, ferrorichterite, potassium ferrorichterite, richterite, potassium richterite, potassium fluorrichterite, arfvedsonite, potassium arfvedsonite, magnesioarfvedsonite, magnesioriebeckite, ferriferronyboite, ferrinyboite, and ferroeckermannite. The composition of rock-forming amphiboles changes symmetrically relative to the Central Ring of the pluton; i.e., amphiboles enriched in K, Ca, Mg, and Si are typical of foyaite near and within the Central Ring. The Fe and Mn contents in amphiboles increase in the direction from marginal part of the pluton to its center. Foyaite of the marginal zone contains ferroeckermannite, richterite, arfvedsonite, and ferrorichterite; edenite is typical of foyaite and hornfels of the Minor Arc. Between the Minor Arc and the Central Ring, foyaite contains ferroeckermannite, arfvedsonite, and richterite; amphiboles in rischorrite, foidolite and hornfels of the Central Ring are (potassium) arfvedsonite, (potassium) richterite, magnesiokatophorite, magnesioarfvedsonite, ferroeckermannite, and ferriferronyboite; amphiboles in foyaite within the Central Ring, in the central part of the pluton, are arfvedsonite, magnesioarfvedsonite, ferriferronyboite, katophorite, and richterite. It is suggested that such zoning formed due to the alteration of foyaite by a foidolite melt intruded into the Main (Central) Ring Fault.     

全球成矿域和成矿区带

作者在编制1:2 500万世界大型超大型矿床成矿图的基础上,根据全球地质构造背景与成矿特征,划分出劳亚、冈瓦纳、特提斯、环太平洋4大成矿域和北美、格陵兰、欧洲、乌拉尔-蒙古、西伯利亚、中朝、南美、非洲-阿拉伯、印度、澳大利亚、加勒比、地中海、西亚、喜马拉雅、中南半岛、北科迪勒拉、安第斯、楚科奇-鄂霍茨克、东亚、伊里安-新丙兰、南极等21个巨型成矿区带,简要论述了各成矿域和成矿区带的成矿特征,首次构建了全球成矿体系.     

An Assessment of Performance in the Routine Analysis of Silicate Rocks Based on an Analysis of Data Submitted to the GeoPT Proficiency Testing Programme for Geochemical Laboratories (2001–2011)

Data reported by laboratories contributing to the GeoPT proficiency testing programme for geochemical laboratories over the period from 2001 to 2011 have been assessed to identify the elements and concentration ranges over which analytical performance can be considered satisfactory. Criteria developed in the paper indicated that performance in the content determination of the elements/constituents SiO₂, Al₂O₃, MnO, Cs, Dy, Er, Eu, Ga, Hf, Ho, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sm, Sr, Tb, Tl, Tm, U, Y, Yb and Zn was satisfactory over the full concentration range assessed. The elements/constituents TiO₂, Fe₂O₃(T), MgO, CaO, Na₂O, K₂O, P₂O₅, Ba, Be, Cd, Ce, Co, Gd, La, Li, Nb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sn, Ta, Th, V and Zr showed some degradation in performance at lower concentration levels (approaching the detection limit of some techniques). Performance in determining LOI, As, Bi, Cr, Cu, Ge, Mo, Ni, Pb and W was in general unsatisfactory over the full concentration range assessed. Other elements (especially Fe(II)O, H₂O⁺, CO₂, Ag, Au, B, Br, Cl, F, Hg, I, In, Ir, N, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, S, Se, Te) could not be evaluated as they were not routinely reported by laboratories participating in the GeoPT programme, often because they are present in silicate rocks at sufficiently low concentrations to require a pre‐concentration stage. Some suggestions are made for the causes of unsatisfactory performance, but further progress will require a detailed assessment of the methods used by participating laboratories, which will form the subject of a further paper.     

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis of Fourteen Carbonate Reference Materials from the NBS and George Frederic Smith and Eleven Industrial Geological Samples from the Bureau of Analysed Samples

New data are presented for the analysis of the elements: REE, Na₂₀, Fe₂O₃, Cr, Co, Rb, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, Th and Il in twenty-five less well known carbonate and industrial geological reference materials by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The materials include NBS 1c, 15e, 88a and 120b from the National Bureau of Standards, Washington DC; GFS 400-403, 405, 407, 411, 412, 415 and 417 carbonate materials from George Fredrick Smith, Columbus, Ohio and BCS 267, 269, 309, 315, 319, 367, 368, 375, 376, 381 and 382/1 from the Bureau of Analysed Samples, Middles-borough, Cleveland, UK. Particular attention has been given to the correction of interferences due to the fission of uranium in the determination of the elements La, Ce, Nd and Zr.     

Geochemical characteristics of elements in suspended sediments in the Huanghe (Yellow) River

Eighteen suspended sediment samples were collected along the Huanghe River main stem from upper reaches on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Tibet Plateau) to the entrance at the Bo Hai Bay and at confluences of its tributaries, during the first summer flood in 1980. Major elements such as Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Na, and trace elements such as As, Ba, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zn and humus were examined. Variations in composition of suspended sediments also were studied. Three major types of sediment composition were observed. The controlling factor for the variation is parent rocks, though climate and vegetation played an active role. Correlation coefficients, cluster analysis, and enrichment factors were calculated to study the geochemical characteristics of the sediments. Mg, Na and Fe were the only ones subject to considerable leaching, whereas Se, Cd, Zn were significantly accumulated, indicating a low intensity of weathering.     

Regional Metasomatism and the Geochemistry of the Dalradian Metasediments of Connemara, Western Ireland

Based on 225 analyses of quartzites, siliceous granoblastites,calc silicate rocks, calcite and dolomite marbles, including120 analyses of pelites and semipelites, sedimentary trendsof chemical variation are identified in staurolite and sillimanitegrade rocks. The correlation of original clay mineral contentwith Ti, Fe, K, Rb, Y, Nb, Ca, Ni, Ga, Zn and probably Ba andMn is shown. A similar clay mineral (whose composition is calculated)was added to all the sediments except the quartz-rich sandstones,now quartzites. This pattern appears to be general for mostsediments, based on crustal averages. The form of the originaladdition of Sr in the sediments might be identified as eithercarbonate or feldspar by a Ca vs. Sr plot. The southern pelites in a 2–4 km peripheral zone to theConnemara orthogneisses and migmatites have been metasomatized.The crude order of elemental enrichment from the elements increasedthe most to those increased the least relative to the same stratigraphicalhorizons in the north is: Mn, Ba, Th, Cu, Ca, Sr, Y, Pb, Zn,Pr, Ge, Nd, La, Mg, S, Ce, Rb, Sm, Ti, Na, K and Ga while Si,Al, Cr, Ni, Co, Fe and P are unchanged or removed. The sourceof the material added is postulated to be the water-rich residualfraction of the migmatitic quartz diorite gneiss, the transportbeing by movement of a water-rich fluid out of the migmatites,the fixation being mainly in biotite and new, more calcic, plagioclaseporphyroblasts, there being a positive correlation between elementenrichment and ionic radius.     

太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学特征

本文对太平洋北部铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学作了较为详细的研究。因子分析提供的信息表明,元素的分布主要受三个因子控制:（1）粘土及Fe、Mn氧化物水化物胶体的吸附作用;（2）生物化学作用过程有关的自生沉积作用;（3）海底页岩风化及附近海区的火山喷发作用。元素的来源:（1）Fe、Mn、Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr、Cr、Mg、Al、Ti、K共生,主要来自粘土吸附;（2）C_有机、N、Sr、Na及Si、Ca、Sr主要来自生物化学过程沉积;（3）Pb主要来源于岩石碎屑（火山喷发碎屑）。     

埃塞俄比亚地质特征与矿产概况

通过对埃塞俄比亚地层、构造、岩浆岩及矿产分布与特征的研究,初步认为：①埃塞俄比亚的地质研究程度普遍偏低,尤其基础地质及其成矿作用和成矿规律方面急需开展重点研究。②地层单元可划分为3类,分别为前寒武纪基底岩系、晚古生代—中生代沉积岩系和第三纪—第四纪火山岩沉积岩系,大地构造位于＂泛非构造带＂中的东非造山带,多期次构造岩浆活动强烈。③前寒武纪变质岩区主要矿产为金、铂、稀有金属、镍、铜、铁、铬、高岭土、长石、黏土、石棉、滑石、大理岩、花岗岩等;中生代沉积岩区主要有石灰岩、砂岩、石膏、黏土、油气资源等;新生代火山岩沉积岩区主要有褐煤、蛋白石、油页岩、红土型铁矿、斑脱土、黏土矿、珍珠岩、硅藻土、钾盐、石盐、油气及地热资源等。     

广东中生代岩浆作用矿床成矿系列

广东中生代与壳幔岩浆活动有关的成矿作用十分强烈,多期成矿作用明显.在前人工作的基础上,根据矿床的成矿时代、成矿地质构造环境、主要成矿作用及形成的矿床组合,将中生代与岩浆作用有关的矿床厘定为6个矿床成矿系列：1）云开与印支期岩浆活动有关的铌、钽、磷、铁矿床成矿系列;2）粤北与燕山期花岗岩有关的有色金属、稀有金属、贵金属、非金属、铀矿床成矿系列;3）深大断裂带与燕山期基性-中酸性侵入岩有关的铜、铅、锌、金、铁、钼、钨、水晶、砷、硫铁、钒、钛矿床成矿系列;4）深变质带与区域变质、动力变质及燕山期花岗岩类有关的金、银矿床成矿系列;5）沿海与燕山期火山-侵入活动有关的铁、铜、金、银、铅、锌、钨、锡、钼、铌、钽、硫铁、水晶、萤石、叶蜡石、重晶石矿床成矿系列;6）阳春-罗定与燕山晚期壳源花岗岩类侵入活动有关的锡、钨、钼、铜、铁、铅、锌、银矿床成矿系列.论述了各成矿系列的基本特征,并对成矿系列形成的构造背景和成矿作用的时空分布及演化规律进行了探讨.     

Geochemical gradients in soil O-horizon samples from southern Norway: Natural or anthropogenic?

Forty soil O- and C-horizon samples were collected along a south-to-north transect extending inland for approximately 200 km from the southern tip of Norway. The elements As, Au, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, W, Zn and Zr all show a distinct decrease in concentration in soil O-horizons with increasing distance from the coast. The elements showing the strongest coastal enrichment, some by more than an order of magnitude compared to inland samples, are Au, Bi, As, Pb, Sb and Sn. Furthermore, the elements Cd (median O-/median C-horizon = 31), C, Sb, Ag, K, S, Ge (10), Hg, Pb, As, Bi, Sr (5), Se, Au, Ba, Na, Zn, P, Cu and Sn (2) are all strongly enriched in the O-horizon when compared to the underlying C-horizon. Lead isotope ratios, however, do not show any gradient with distance from the coast (declining Pb concentration). Along a 50 km topographically steep east–west transect in the centre of the survey area, far from the coast but crossing several vegetation zones, similar element enrichment patterns and concentration gradients can be observed in the O-horizon. Lead isotope ratios in the O-horizon correlate along both transects with pH and the C/N-ratio, both proxies for the quality of the organic material. Natural conditions in southern Norway, related to climate and vegetation, rather than long range atmospheric transport of air pollutants (LRT), cause the observed features.     

陕西省观赏石资源的分类

陕西省观赏石资源分为单矿物玉石类、岩石玉类、卵石与水冲石及古生物化石四大类。著名的观赏石有水晶、萤石、绿松石、五彩石、芙蓉石、商洛翠玉、粉翠、菊花石、蓝田玉、洛南翠、黄陵石、磬玉石、墨玉、汉江石、秦岭石、泾河石、洛河源头石、陕西省黄河石、嘉陵江石及古生物化石等。     

酸溶蚀模拟实验与致密砂岩次生孔隙成因机理探讨： 以鄂尔多斯盆地盒8段为例

鄂尔多斯盆地盒8段发现并探明了一批目前中国内陆最大的致密砂岩气田（藏）,该致密砂岩气田的储层岩性主要为 一套“低长石、低杂基、高成分成熟度”的石英砂岩,储集空间类型以多类型的次生溶蚀孔隙为主。针对盒8段致密砂岩 次生孔隙的成因机理,本文在大量薄片观察、扫描电镜、场发射、CT扫描分析的基础上,开展了高温高压条件下真实岩心 的酸溶模拟实验,实验样品为鄂尔多斯盆地石盒子组绿灰色中粗粒含凝灰质长石石英砂岩、绿灰色中粗粒含凝灰质长石岩 屑砂岩、灰色中粗粒含凝灰质岩屑石英砂岩和灰色中粗粒含凝灰质石英砂岩等4种不同类型的砂岩岩心,采用地层水中普 遍存在的乙酸配置成0.5mol/L的反应介质,选用2mL/min流速,动态溶蚀100h后,不同类型砂岩的次生孔隙显著增加, 物性明显改善,通过对不同岩性实验前后样品的同位扫描、水-岩反应速度、离子浓度等测定分析,发现盒8段致密砂岩储 层次生孔隙的成因主要为凝灰质、长石等铝硅酸矿物和碳酸盐矿物的溶蚀,探讨了实验样品中不同矿物的溶蚀序列,凝灰 质、碳酸盐矿物主要在低温条件下发生溶蚀蚀变,高温条件下主要为长石的溶蚀。揭示凝灰质、碳酸盐岩、长石等矿物溶 蚀、次生孔隙形成、新生矿物的发育机理,结合埋藏史、热史分析,建立了盒8段致密砂岩储层埋藏-成岩-孔隙演化模 式,明确了鄂尔多斯盆地盒8段石英砂岩次生孔隙的成因机理。     

安徽南部地区黄龙灰岩下部白云岩的时代

安徽南部地区广泛分布着黄龙组下部白云岩,其地质年代归属问题众说不一。作者收集了大量的类和牙形刺化石。通过对这些化石的研究,认为白云岩的地质时代为中石炭系早期。