TIDAL FLAT STORM DEPOSITS OF MIDDLE CAMBRIAN IN SHIMEN DISTRICT,HUNAN PROVINCE

ＴＩＤＡＬＦＬＡＴＳＴＯＲＭＤＥＰＯＳＩＴＳＯＦＭＩＤＤＬＥＣＡＭＢＲＩＮＩＮＳＨＩＭＥＮＤＩＳＴＲＩＣＴ，ＨＵＮＡＮＰＲＯＶＩＮＣＥTXＴＩＤＡＬＦＬＡＴＳＴＯＲＭＤＥＰＯＳＩＴＳＯＦＭＩＤＤＬＥＣＡＭＢＲＩＡＮＩＮＳＨＩＭＥＮＤＩＳＴＲＩＣＴ，ＨＵ...     

激光采样─电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析系统的研制及其分析性能

报道了一个连续激光采样，连接电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪（ＩＣＰＡＥＳ）作检测的分析系统。其结构简单、稳定性好，适合于进行直接固体粉末分析。由于激光采样时间短，靶点温度高于５６６０℃，故基体效应较小。检出限可达１０－６级，分析重现性（ＲＳＤ）一般可达３％～５％     

新型氢化物发生技术--可移动还原床氢化物发生器Ⅲ. 作为毛细管区带电泳-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱的接口用于砷的形态分析

发展了一种新型的氢化物发生装置———可移动还原床氢化物发生器（ＭＲＢＨＧ）。应用该技术可将经毛细管区带电泳（ＣＺＥ）分离之后的各种砷的化合物转换为相应的氢化物,然后再被引入到电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）进行检测。对不同形态砷的不同化合物的ＣＺＥ分离条件进行了优化,包括缓冲溶液的ｐＨ值及浓度、进样量等。ＣＺＥ－ＭＲＢＨＧ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ应用于４种砷化合物的定量测定,峰面积的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝５）在１．９％～１１．７％。４种砷的浓度检出限分别为：Ａｓ（Ⅲ）、甲胂酸和Ａｓ（Ⅴ）０．３２ｍｇ／Ｌ,二甲胂酸钠０．３５ｍｇ／Ｌ     

1:5万区调中Rn-Hg联测及210Po等综合指标测量方法技术和应用研究

１：５万区调中Ｒｎ－Ｈｇ联测及~（２１０）Ｐｏ等综合指标测量方法技术和应用研究ＴＥＣＨＮＩＱＵＥＳＡＮＤＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＯＭＢＩＮＥＤＲｎ－ＨｇＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＳＡＮＤＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＥＩＮＤＥＸＥＳ（~（２１０）ＰｏＡＮＤＯＴＨＥＲ...     

等离子体质谱测定岩石标准物质中痕量元素—对某些元素定值的探讨

用等离子体质谱（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）对美国玄武岩标准物质ＢＨＶＯ－１、Ｗ－２和中国玄武岩标准物质ＧＢＷ０７１０５（ＧＳＲ－３）进行了３９种痕量元素分析。三个标准物质的大多数元素测定值与标准值在误差范围内一致。ＧＳＲ－３中Ｃｓ、Ｐｂ、Ｙ、Ｎｂ、Ｔｍ、Ｙｂ等元素的ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ测定值与标准值存在不同程度的偏差。用同位素稀释法对ＧＳＲ－３中的Ｐｂ做了进一步的精确测定,结合玄武岩的元素地球化学分析,认为ＧＳＲ－３     

新型氢化物发生技术—可移动还原床氢化物发生器：Ⅲ.作为毛细管区？…

发展了一种新型的氢化物发生装置－可移动还原床氢化物发生器。应用该技术可将经毛细管区带电泳分离之后的各种砷的化合物转换为相应的氢化物,然后再被引入到电感耦合等离子体发射光谱进行检测。对不同形态砷的不同化合物的ＣＺＥ分离条件进行了优化,包括缓冲溶液的ＰＨ值及及浓度,进样量等。ＣＺＥ－ＭＲＢＨＧ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ应用于４种砷化合物的定量测定,峰面积的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝５）在１．９％－１１．７％。４种砷的浓度检出     

地表土壤中铀污染特征评价技术的野外示范

本文介绍了一种与ＣＥＲＣＬＡ和ＲＣＲＡ有关的，用于提高铀污染地研究效果的全新的野外筛析方法。该方法能圈定地表土壤中污染分布。为此，在Ｆｅｒｎａｌｄ环境管理项目（ＦＥＭＰ）中评估了４种适用于土壤中铀浓度野外测量方法的性能。这４种试验的技术是：高分辨率γ能谱测量，宽域β闪烁计数，激光烧蚀－等离子体－原子发射光谱法（ＬＡ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）和远距离α探测（ＬＲＡＤ）。对每一种所实施的技术都要野外获得的结果     

感耦等离子体质谱法直接测定碳酸盐岩中超痕量稀土元素

探讨了等离子体质谱（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）测定碳酸盐岩痕量稀土元素效应及稀土元素间干扰,要用模拟碳酸盐岩样品中稀土元素天然组成比值的校正溶液,对稀土元素间的干扰具有明显的抑制作用,利用＾１１５Ｉｎ－＾１０３Ｒｈ双内标校正系统,有效地抑制分析信号的动态漂移,建立了碳酸盐岩中超痕量稀土元素的ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ分析方法,方法检出限为（０．１～１．２６）ｎｇ／ｇ,ＲＳＤ≤１０％（ｎ＝５）,用碳酸盐岩标准物质ＧＢＷ０７１０８和碳酸盐岩管理样分析验证,测定结果与标准值符合。     

感耦等离子体发射光谱法测定纯氧化镧中稀土和非稀土杂质

研究了用感耦等离子体发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定纯氧化镧中Ｃｅ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｙ，Ｆｅ，Ａｌ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ和Ｓｉ１０个杂质元素的方法。考察了基体镧的光谱干扰，共存元素间光谱干扰及校正方法，方法检出限为０．０００５－０．０３９μｇ／ｍｌ；标准加入量１μｇ／ｍｌ时，回收率为９５％－１０６％；１０μｇ／ｍｌ的标准溶液，测定１０次，ＲＳＤ为０．２４％－１．０１％。方法简单，快速，不震分离富集，适用于氧     

GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF MU US DESERT EVO-LUTION SINCE 0.5MAB.P.

ＧＥＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＥＶＩＤＥＮＣＥＯＦＭＵＵＳＤＥＳＥＲＴＶＯ－ＬＵＴＩＯＮＳＩＮＣＥ０．５ＭＡＢ．Ｐ．TXＧＥＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＥＶＩＤＥＮＣＥＯＦＭＵＵＳＤＥＳＥＲＴＥＶＯ┐ＬＵＴＩＯＮＳＩＮＣＥ０．５ＭＡＢ．Ｐ．ＳｕｎＪｉｍｉｎ，ＤｉｎｇＺｈｏｎ...     

Determination of Total Sulfur in Fifteen Geological Materials Using Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP‐OES) and Combustion/Infrared Spectrometry

A method for the determination of total sulfur in geological materials by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) is described. We show that good results were obtained using this method even for sample types with very low (< 20 μg g^?1) sulfur concentration (e.g., peridotite). Sulfur was determined in fifteen geological reference materials with different sulfur contents. For reference materials with certified sulfur contents, the ICP‐OES method gave results in excellent agreement with certified values, and uncertainties better than 4% RSD. ICP‐OES results for sulfur in other reference materials yielded RSDs better than 10%, where S concentrations were > 100 μg g^?1 (except for diabase W‐2a, 16% RSD). Reference materials with lower sulfur contents (< 40 μg g^?1) showed much higher RSDs (17–18%). Except for RMs with certified values for sulfur, most data obtained by the combustion infrared detection method generally showed higher concentrations than those measured by ICP‐OES and a better RSD (≤ 8% for all materials except DTS‐2b).     

An Isotope Dilution ICP‐MS Method for the Determination of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca Ratios in Calcium Carbonate

Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios in calcium carbonate are important components of many palaeoclimate studies. We present an isotope dilution method relying on a single mixed spike containing ²⁵Mg, ⁴³Ca and ⁸⁷Sr. Dozens of samples per day, as small as 10 μg of carbonate, could be dissolved, spiked and run in an ICP‐MS with a precision of 0.8% (2 RSD). Two instruments types, a sector field and a quadrupole ICP‐MS, were compared. The best long term precision found was 0.4% (2 RSD), although this increased by up to a factor of two when samples of very different Mg or Sr content were run together in the same sequence. Long term averages for the two instruments concurred. No matrix effects were detected for a range of Ca concentrations between 0.2 and 2 mmol l^‐1. Accuracy, tested by measuring synthetic standard solutions, was 0.8% with some systematic trends. We demonstrate the strength of this isotope dilution method for (a) obtaining accurate results for sample sets that present a broad Mg and Sr range and (b) testing solid carbonates as candidate reference materials for interlaboratory consistency. Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca results for reference materials were in good agreement with values from the literature.     

Characterisation of Apatites as Potential Uranium Reference Materials for Fission‐track Dating by LA‐ICP‐MS

We report homogeneity tests on large natural apatite crystals to evaluate their potential as U reference materials for apatite fission‐track (AFT) thermochronology by laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). The homogeneity tests include the measurements of major element concentrations by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), whereas for U concentration, isotope dilution (ID) ICP‐MS and laser ablation (LA) ICP‐MS were employed. Two apatite crystals are potential reference materials for LA‐ICP‐MS analysis: a 1 cm³ fraction of a Durango crystal (7.5 μg g^?1 U) and a 1 cm³ Mud Tank crystal (6.9 μg g^?1 U). The relative standard deviation (1 RSD) of the U concentration determined by ID‐ICP‐MS of both apatite crystals was ≤ 1.5%, whereas 1 RSD for the LA‐ICP‐MS results was better than 4%, providing sufficient homogeneity for fission‐track dating. The results on the U homogeneity for two different apatite samples are an important step towards establishing in situ dating routines for AFT analysis by LA‐ICP‐MS.     

等离子体发射光谱法同时测定大洋富钴结壳中硅锰铁钙镁铝钛

大洋富钴结壳试样经ＨＣｌ＋ＨＮＯ３＋ＨＦ溶解,在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＦ和０．１３ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ３ＢＯ３介质中,用感耦等离子发射光谱法同时测定Ｓｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ａｌ、Ｔｉ元素的含量。方法经国家标准物质ＧＢＷ０７２４９大洋多金属结核验证,其结果与标准值相符,精密度ＲＳＤ〈３．２％（ｎ＝６）;已应用于太平洋富钴结壳中多元素分析。     

Lead Isotopic Composition in Biogenic Certified Reference Materials Determined by Different ICP‐based Mass Spectrometric Techniques

This work presents data for the radiogenic Pb isotopic ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb) in nine biogenic certified reference materials (NIST SRM 1515, 1566b, 1570a, 1573a, 1575a; BCR 100, BCR 101, BCR 670 and IAEA 359), which are suitable for analytical quality control in environmental research. The results were obtained using three different types of ICP‐based mass spectrometer (quadrupole‐based/magnetic sector field single‐collector ICP‐MS instruments and a multi‐collector ICP‐MS) and applying different mass bias correction procedures (calibrator‐sample bracketing and external Tl normalisation) with and without Pb separation from the matrix using ion exchange chromatography. In the majority of the samples, the measurements from all three of the ICP‐MS instruments were in agreement within ± 0.1%, despite the lower analytical precision of the single‐collector ICP‐MS instruments. We demonstrate that the presence of the sample matrix did not significantly influence the Pb isotopic ratios measured by magnetic sector field ICP‐MS, whereas the use of the two different mass bias corrections resulted in a systematic difference of 0.09% for the ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ratio.     

等离子体发射光谱法测定重晶石中钡铁和硅

重晶石经Ｎａ２ＣＯ３熔融,水浸取,过滤。沉淀经ＨＣｌ溶解后,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定主成分ＢａＳＯ４和次量成分Ｆｅ２Ｏ３以及滤液中的ＳｉＯ２,结果与部颁标准方法符合。方法精密度好,主量组分ＢａＳＯ４测定的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝６）为０．２４％,次量组分Ｆｅ２Ｏ３和ＳｉＯ２的ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝６）分别是３．６９％和１．４５％。     

LA‐(MC)‐ICP‐MS Trends in 2006 and 2007 with Particular Emphasis on Measurement Uncertainties

Research in 2006 and 2007 dealing with laser ablation‐(multicollector)‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry, LA‐(MC)‐ICP‐MS, involved studies concerned with optimising the technique itself, as well as applying the method to a variety of problems in the Earth sciences. The causes of elemental and isotopic fractionation produced during laser ablation continues to be of considerable interest, with evidence mounting that processes occurring both at the ablation site and in the argon plasma of the ICP are culpable. There is growing excitement in the use of femtosecond lasers for LA‐(MC)‐ICP‐MS, with the hope that they reduce or eliminate melting and non‐congruent volatilisation at the ablation site and thus approach stoichiometric sampling. Ablation chamber design emerged as a serious concern, particularly with respect to achieving the rapid washout needed for fine‐scale compositional mapping of geological objects. LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS provided data for a wide range of isotopic systems, especially hafnium, but also B, S, Mg, Cu, Fe, Sr, Nd, Pb and U. Measurement uncertainties in LA‐ICP‐MS were discussed by several researchers, and are critically reviewed here ‐ total uncertainties for trace element concentration measurements of silicates including errors on the calibration values of common reference materials are ～10% (95% confidence limits), though the precision of individual spot measurements (50 to 100 μm) is much better, ～1% RSD, using a 193 nm laser and a sector field‐ICP‐MS. LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb ages for zircon and other U‐rich accessory phases are claimed by most geoanalysts to have 2s uncertainties of ～0.7 and 1.3% respectively but the actual accuracy of the method is probably only as good as ～2% (2s), when uncertainties associated with laser‐induced Pb/U fractionation are included.     

Evaluation of Simultaneous Analyte Leaching/Vapour Phase Introduction for Direct Osmium Isotope Ratio Measurements in Solid Samples by Double-Focusing Sector Field ICP-MS

The analytical performance of a method for Os isotope ratio measurement by double‐focusing, sector field ICP‐MS (ICP‐SFMS) was evaluated. The method is based on several optimised, concurrent processes: Os extraction from samples in hot concentrated nitric acid; separation of Os from the digest solution by the formation of volatile osmium tetroxide accelerated by continuous hydrogen peroxide addition; transport of analyte vapour by an oxygen flow into the ICP; and isotopic determination by ICP‐SFMS. Due to the very efficient utilisation of analyte (approaching 0.5‰), Os isotope ratio measurement could be performed at low pg levels. Combined with an ability to process sample sizes up to 2 g (up to 50 g if the organic matrix of biological or botanical samples is eliminated by ashing), materials with Os concentrations in the low, or even sub pg g^?1 range could be determined by this method. Given that two complete digestion/distillation systems were available for interchangeable use, throughputs of up to fifteen samples per 8 hour shift could be achieved. The method precision, evaluated as the long‐term reproducibility of ¹⁸⁷ Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio measurements in a commercial Os reference sample containing 0.5 ng Os, was 0.16% relative standard deviation (RSD, 1s). The method has been applied to perform replicate ¹⁸⁷ Os/¹⁸⁸ Os ratio measurements on a suite of fifty reference materials of various origins and matrix compositions, with Os concentrations varying from < 0.1 pg g^?1 to > 100 ng g^?1, yielding an average precision of 3% RSD. Though none of the materials tested are certified for Os content or Os isotope composition, comparison of the obtained data with published Os isotope information for similar sample types revealed close agreement between the two. The method can also be used for the simultaneous, semi‐quantitative determination of Os concentrations.     

Determination of Gold in e‐Waste Dust Samples and Geological Matrices by ICP‐MS after Extraction by an HClO4‐HBr‐HI‐Aqua Regia Mixture

This study describes two methods (Procedures‐1 and ‐2) for the direct extraction of Au by an inorganic acid mixture (HClO₄‐HBr‐HI‐aqua regia) from complex sample matrices. Standard PTFE jars at 200 °C were used to decompose test portions of 0.5–1 g, with subsequent precise and accurate analysis by ICP‐MS without any other preconcentration or separation. Procedure‐1 decomposed samples effectively without the necessity of leaching with HF and was developed for dust samples from e‐waste (electronic waste) processing; however, testing on geological reference materials showed very good results. The analyses of replicate decompositions (n = 5) from both procedures yielded very good precision (< 5% RSD) for most of the reference materials. The accuracy achieved was better than ± 10%, with the exception of NIST SRM 2782 data from Procedure‐1. Two unknown samples of dust from e‐waste processing (P‐1 and VM‐1) exhibited elevated concentrations of Au (21.31–61.64 μg g^?1) with precision better than 10% (n = 5). The proposed techniques are simple, sensitive and sparing in the use of chemicals, and are designed for a variety of e‐waste dust samples. No significant influences were observed for the predicted spectral interferences on mass ¹⁹⁷Au.     

Major and Trace Element Analysis of Silicate Rocks by XRF and Laser Ablation ICP-MS Using Lithium Borate Fused Glasses: Matrix Effects, Instrument Response and Results for International Reference Materials

Major and trace element compositions of fifteen silicate rock reference materials have been determined by a combined XRF and laser ablation ICP‐MS (LA‐ICP‐MS) technique on glasses prepared by fusing the sample with a lithium borate flux (sample:flux = 1:3). Advantages of this technique include the ability to measure major and trace element abundances on a single sample using a quick and simple preparation that attacks resistant phases such as zircon without the need for acid dissolution. The method is suitable for a wide variety of bulk compositions including mafic, intermediate and silicic rocks. Abundance‐normalized mass response patterns (the ratio of signal intensity to element concentration) of the LA‐ICP‐MS analyses vary systematically with major element composition, demonstrating the presence of a matrix effect that cannot be compensated by normalisation to a single internal standard element. Increasing the sampling distance between the ICP‐MS cone and the torch reduces the magnitude of this effect, suggesting that a mechanism related to residence time of ablated particles in the plasma may be at least partially responsible for the observed variations in mass response patterns. When using a matrix‐matched calibration, agreement of the LA‐ICP‐MS results with published reference values or those obtained by solution ICP‐MS is 10% relative. Analytical precision based on replicate analyses is typically 5% RSD. Procedural detection limits that include contributions from gas background and flux are 0.01‐0.1 μg g‐¹ for the heavy mass trace elements (Rb‐U). Major element analyses by XRF show excellent agreement with results obtained using a conventional heavy element absorbing flux. High quality major and trace element data for silicate rocks can be achieved by a combined XRF and LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of Li₂B₄O₇/LiBO₂ fused glasses provided an appropriate matrix‐matched calibration is adopted.