基于瞬时最优算法的磁流变阻尼隔震结构半主动控制

采用瞬时最优控制算法，对附加了磁流变阻尼器的多自由度隔震结构进行了半主动控制的数值模拟。首先，将被动隔震装置——叠层钢板橡胶垫与磁流变阻尼器相结合，形成磁流变智能隔震系统。其次，根据瞬时最优控制算法的基本原理，针对磁流变阻尼器的特点，建立与之相适应的半主动控制算法。最后，以六层隔震结构为例，进行数值分析。比较了被动与半主动控制的结构反应，并得到较好的控制效果。     

粘滞阻尼器对空间结构的振动控制效应

采用三向地震波输入对西北高烈度地震带某体育馆进行非线性时程分析,研究粘滞阻尼器对大跨空间结构抗震加固的机理和效果。以节点水平向位移、构件内力作为屋盖振动控制目标,楼层位移及剪力作为下部结构振动控制目标。时程分析表明：不同地震波作用时上部屋盖减震控制效果均较好;但下部结构减震控制对地震波频谱特性较为敏感;设置粘滞阻尼器对不同地震烈度下整体结构的动力响应均能起到有效控制作用;屋盖结构上均匀布置阻尼器比集中布置减震效果好;空间结构振型复杂,减震分析须考虑上下部结构的耦合作用。研究成果可为大跨空间结构采用粘滞阻尼器减振控制提供参考。     

基于磁流变阻尼器的层间隔震结构半主动控制研究

提出了一种层间隔震结构的半主动控制模型,建立了其振动控制方程,采用磁流变阻尼器作为控制器来施加控制力,通过编制计算机程序进行仿真分析。研究表明,对层间隔震结构进行半主动控制是有效的,结构的隔震层相对位移和顶层位移反应大大降低,进行半主动控制可以达到与主动控制相接近的控制效果;隔震层阻尼、隔震度和隔震层位置对层间隔震结构的控制有明显影响。     

磁流变阻尼器的半主动控制及实时混合模拟试验研究

磁流变阻尼器作为一种比较典型的半主动控制元件,具有构造简单、响应速度快、耐久性好、阻尼力大且连续可调等优点。即使地震中能源中断,磁流变阻尼器仍可以作为被动耗能装置继续工作发挥作用,可靠性高。设计合理有效的磁流变阻尼器半主动控制方法,对于整体结构的减震效果尤其重要。提出一种改进的磁流变阻尼器的半主动控制策略-改进的Bang-Bang控制策略,对装有磁流变阻尼器的减震控制3层框架结构进行了一系列的实时混合模拟试验,对多种半主动控制方法下的振动控制效果进行试验分析。试验结果表明:磁流变阻尼器对框架结构的减震效果显著,并验证了提出的磁流变阻尼器半主动控制策略的有效性。     

矮塔斜拉桥的减震方案对比研究

针对位于高烈度地震区的刚构连续梁体系矮塔斜拉桥的受力特点,提出了分别采用粘滞液体阻尼器、Lock-up装置及摩擦型滑动支座3种减隔震方案,并采用非线性时程反应分析方法分析了3种方案的减震效果。结果表明:3种减隔震装置对矮塔斜拉桥均有明显的减震效果,粘滞阻尼器及Lock-up装置减震效果较好,滑动摩擦支座的减震效果次之。但从结构的正常使用及结构体系的地震响应分布规律来看,粘滞液体阻尼器的减震方案最优。     

带智能磁流变阻尼器的层间隔震混合控制研究

为了进一步提高层间隔震体系的整体抗震性能,提出在层间隔震体系中附设MR智能磁流变阻尼器控制装置,构成新型的混合层间隔震控制体系。通过对某实际工程算例的非线性仿真分析,系统地研究了这种新型混合智能层间隔震控制体系的有效性,并与传统被动层间隔震减震效果进行了对比。     

基于位移的减震结构设计方法研究

针对减震结构的设计, 其振型分解反应谱方法不能反映阻尼器的非线性和结构在大震下的性能;时程分析法需要多次试算、十分繁琐的情况,采用以结构构件设计为主、线性粘滞阻尼器为强度补充的设计思想,将结构等效为单自由度体系,利用基于位移的设计方法对线性粘滞阻尼减震结构进行设计,并利用该方法设计1栋13层框架剪力墙结构,最后通过动力时程分析验证了该方法的可行性.     

不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构的地震响应分析

针对不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构体系,通过建立地震响应的动力分析简化模型,推导出不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构体系地震作用下的运动方程。对一实际的不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构进行地震响应仿真分析,探讨塔楼质量偏心率和塔楼质量比对结构周期比、位移比和层剪力比的影响。结果显示,不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构扭转角主要由隔震层产生;与不隔震结构相比,不对称大底板多塔楼隔震体系的扭转角减小,可取得较好的减震效果;塔楼与底板的位置分布和质量分布会影响体系的扭转效应和减震效果,应尽量使塔楼的质心与底板质心重合,塔楼质量分布均匀,以减小结构的扭转效应,提高减震效果。     

高烈度区连续梁桥的减震设计方法研究

本文以高烈度区的某三跨连续梁桥为例，分别采用基础隔震和消能减震两种措施进行结构的减震分析；针对隔震结构减震效果好但主梁位移过大的特点，提出了在采用铅芯橡胶隔震支座的同时设置粘滞阻尼器的减震方案，其非线性时程分析结果表明，该方案能有效地降低结构的地震反应，可供工程实践参考。     

宿迁市文体馆基础隔震非线性时程分析研究

宿迁市文体馆4500座位，约13000m^2,位于8度抗震设防区，主体结构为钢筋混凝土结构空间框架，钢网壳屋盖。该工程采用基础隔震技术设计，在桩基顶面与上部结构之间设置架空层，用作安置设备管道及隔震层。隔震层由叠层橡胶隔震支座和粘滞阻尼器组成。对主体结构基础隔震采用空间模型非线性时程分析方法进行了详细分析，结果表明：采用基础隔震措施可显著降低结构地震作用，上部结构水平地震作用减震系数可按0．25采用；设置附加粘滞阻尼器能较好地解决降低地震作用和限制隔震层位移之间的矛盾，对提高隔震体系的性能具有重要作用。技术经济比较表明，本工程采用基础隔震措施，具有明显的社会、经济效益。     

Fuzzy logic control of bridge structures using intelligent semi-active seismic isolation systems

Passive supplemental damping in a seismically isolated structure provides the necessary energy dissipation to limit the isolation system displacement. However, damper forces can become quite large as the passive damping level is increased, resulting in the requirement to transfer large forces at the damper connections to the structure which may be particularly difficult to accommodate in retrofit applications. One method to limit the level of damping force while simultaneously controlling the isolation system displacement is to utilize an intelligent hybrid isolation system containing semi-active dampers in which the damping coeffic ient can be modulated. The effectiveness of such a hybrid seismic isolation system for earthquake hazard mitigation is investigated in this paper. The system is examined through an analytical and computational study of the seismic response of a bridge structure containing a hybrid isolation system consisting of elastomeric bearings and semi-active dampers. Control algorithms for operation of the semi-active dampers are developed based on fuzzy logic control theory. Practical limits on the response of the isolation system are considered and utilized in the evaluation of the control algorithms. The results of the study show that both passive and semi-active hybrid seismic isolation systems consisting of combined base isolation bearings and supplemental energy dissipation devices can be beneficial in reducing the seismic response of structures. These hybrid systems may prevent or significantly reduce structural damage during a seismic event. Furthermore, it is shown that intelligent semi-active seismic isolation systems are capable of controlling the peak deck displacement of bridges, and thus reducing the required length of expansion joints, while simultaneously limiting peak damper forces. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hybrid seismic protection of cable‐stayed bridges

This paper proposes a hybrid control strategy combining passive and semi‐active control systems for seismic protection of cable‐stayed bridges. The efficacy of this control strategy is verified by examining the ASCE first‐generation benchmark problem for a seismically excited cable‐stayed bridge, which employs a three‐dimensional linearized evaluation bridge model as a testbed structure. Herein, conventional lead–rubber bearings are introduced as base isolation devices, and semi‐active dampers (e.g., variable orifice damper, controllable fluid damper, etc.) are considered as supplemental damping devices. For the semi‐active dampers, a clipped‐optimal control algorithm, shown to perform well in previous studies involving controllable dampers, is considered. Because the semi‐active damper is a controllable energy‐dissipation device that cannot add mechanical energy to the structural system, the proposed hybrid control strategy is fail‐safe in that the bounded‐input, bounded‐output stability of the controlled structure is guaranteed. Numerical simulation results show that the performance of the proposed hybrid control strategy is quite effective in protecting seismically excited cable‐stayed bridges. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

巨-子结构智能隔震体系抗震性能研究

针对巨-子结构隔震体系,在隔震层处或子结构顶部与主结构连接处,施加SMA-压电智能复合阻尼器,从而形成巨-子结构智能隔震体系。本文通过限界Hrovat最优控制算法设计了巨-子结构智能隔震体系的半主动控制器,在此基础上,对巨-子结构智能隔震体系进行了Simulink控制效果仿真分析,同时比较了控制装置安装位置的不同对结构控制效果的影响,并与普通隔震结构的减震效果进行了对比。研究结果表明,智能隔震控制1（隔震层加控制装置）和智能隔震控制2（子结构顶部加控制装置）2种控制方案在控制结构的位移方面效果相差不大。总体而言,智能隔震控制2对于控制子结构单元顶部的绝对加速度效果更为显著,但是相对于普通隔震而言,特别是在控制隔震层位移方面2种方案都具有较好的控制效果。实施智能控制可以有效改善巨-子结构被动控制体系的抗震性能,并能降低隔震结构在遭受强震时由于隔震层出现过大位移导致结构倾覆的危险。     

Accurate real‐time hybrid earthquake simulations on large‐scale MDOF steel structure with nonlinear viscous dampers

This paper presents real‐time hybrid earthquake simulation (RTHS) on a large‐scale steel structure with nonlinear viscous dampers. The test structure includes a three‐story, single‐bay moment‐resisting frame (MRF), a three‐story, single‐bay frame with a nonlinear viscous damper and associated bracing in each story (called damped braced frame (DBF)), and gravity load system with associated seismic mass and gravity loads. To achieve the accurate RTHS results presented in this paper, several factors were considered comprehensively: (1) different arrangements of substructures for the RTHS; (2) dynamic characteristics of the test setup; (3) accurate integration of the equations of motion; (4) continuous movement of the servo‐controlled hydraulic actuators; (5) appropriate feedback signals to control the RTHS; and (6) adaptive compensation for potential control errors. Unlike most previous RTHS studies, where the actuator stroke was used as the feedback to control the RTHS, the present study uses the measured displacements of the experimental substructure as the feedback for the RTHS, to enable accurate displacements to be imposed on the experimental substructure. This improvement in approach was needed because of compliance and other dynamic characteristics of the test setup, which will be present in most large‐scale RTHS. RTHS with ground motions at the design basis earthquake and maximum considered earthquake levels were successfully performed, resulting in significant nonlinear response of the test structure, which makes accurate RTHS more challenging. Two phases of RTHS were conducted: in the first phase, the DBF is the experimental substructure, and in the second phase, the DBF together with the MRF is the experimental substructure. The results from the two phases of RTHS are presented and compared with numerical simulation results. An evaluation of the results shows that the RTHS approach used in this study provides a realistic and accurate simulation of the seismic response of a large‐scale structure with rate‐dependent energy dissipating devices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

近断层地震动作用下桥梁结构的组合隔震分析

为改善近断层地震动作用下隔震桥梁结构的抗震性能,基于Benchmark结构振动控制问题,研究附加黏滞阻尼器、磁流变(MR)阻尼器的组合隔震策略.非线性动力分析过程中,优化了黏滞阻尼器的阻尼系数和速度指数,并设计了分散模糊控制器来确定施加给磁流变阻尼器的电压.研究结果表明:采用黏滞阻尼器和磁流变阻尼器可提高隔震桥梁结构在...     

大跨径拱桥被动减震控制的仿真分析

本文采用现代控制理论对设有耗能减震装置的拱桥结构进行被动减震控制仿真分析,给出了大跨度拱桥在多点激励下的运动微分方程,将拱桥简化成平面杆系模型,给出减震结构的状态方程,然后基于SIMULINK环境下对设有粘滞阻尼器的拱桥减震结构进行动态仿真分析,并考虑了行波效应对减震效果的影响。该方法较之传统的分析方法更简便、有效,分析结果表明设置了耗能器的拱桥结构地震反应有明显的降低。     

Seismic performance evaluation of typical dampers designed by Chinese building code

Adding dampers is a commonly adopted seismic risk mitigation strategy for modern buildings, and the corresponding design procedure of dampers has been well established by the Chinese Building Code. Even though all types of dampers are designed by the same procedure, actual seismic performance of the building may differ from one to the others. In this study, a nine-story benchmark steel building is established, and three different and typical types of dampers are designed according to the Chinese Building Code to realize structural vibration control under strong earthquake excitation. The seismic response of the prototype building equipped with a viscoelastic damper, viscous damper and buckling-restrained brace(BRB) subjected to 10 earthquake records are calculated, and Incremental Dynamic Analysis(IDA) is performed to describe progressive damage of the structure under increasing earthquake intensity. In the perspective of fragility, it shows that the viscoelastic damper has the highest collapse margin ratio(CMR), and the viscous damper provides the best drift control. Both the BRB and viscoelastic dampers can effectively reduce the floor acceleration responses in the mid-rise building.     

Semi‐active multi‐step predictive control of structures using MR dampers

A semi‐active multi‐step predictive control (SAMPC) system with magnetorheological (MR) dampers is developed to reduce the seismic responses of structures. This system can predict the next multi‐step responses of structure according to the current state and has a function of self‐compensation for time delay that occurred in real application. To study the performance of the proposed control algorithm for addressing time delay and reducing the seismic responses, a numerical example of an 11‐story structure with MR dampers is presented. Comparison with the uncontrolled structure indicates that both the peak and the norm values of structural responses are all clearly reduced when the predictive length l?10 and the delayed time step d?20 are selected, and the SAMPC strategy can guarantee the stability of the controlled structure and reduce the effects of time delay on controlled responses to a certain extent. A performance comparison is also made between the SAMPC strategy and the passive‐off and passive‐on methods; results indicate that this SAMPC system is more effective than the two passive methods in reducing structural responses subjected to earthquakes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高烈度区大跨度桥梁粘滞阻尼器减震研究

高烈度地震对铁路桥梁安全造成巨大隐患,且次生灾害将引起较大经济损失。该大跨连续梁桥所处地震带正进入活跃期,未来有发生较大规模强烈地震的可能,但桥梁自身不具备高烈度抗震能力,需利用粘滞阻尼器对其进行减震处理。采用斜向设置阻尼器并配合双曲面球型支座,来控制可能发生的纵向和横向地震。通过数值模拟进行阻尼器参数敏感性分析以及减震效果讨论,进而确定其最优设置方案。选取相关参数作为评价指标,对比加设阻尼器前后易损部位的地震响应,确定其在高烈度地震荷载激励下的减震效果。研究结果表明:在液体粘滞阻尼器的作用下,使得各墩协同受力,大大增加了结构的整体性,同时能很好弥补减隔震支座不能很好的控制上部结构位移的缺点,同时能降低罕遇地震力对桥墩的冲击损伤。因此,在高烈度区大跨度桥梁中更有必要设置阻尼器来抗震。     

Seismic response control of a building complex utilizing passive friction damper: experimental investigation

Multi‐storey main buildings constructed with a low‐rise podium structure possess some architectural merits but the setback features of such a building complex may lead to seismic response enlargement of the main buildings. This paper explores the possibility of using passive friction dampers to connect the podium structure to the main buildings to prevent their seismic response enlargement without violating the architectural features. A series of shaking table tests were carried out on one 3‐storey and one 12‐storey building models in fully‐separated, rigidly connected, and friction damper‐linked configurations. Four sets of seismic ground motions were selected as inputs to the shaking table. The control competence of two buildings linked with friction damper was evaluated by comparison of their responses with those from fully‐separated and rigidly connected cases. Experimental results showed that unfavourable seismic response amplification did occur in the building complex in the rigidly connected case. By contrast, friction damper showed effectiveness in reducing absolute acceleration and interstorey drift responses of both buildings if friction force level was appropriately applied. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.