地震勘探全波形反演的应用与发展分析

本文首先对20世纪80年代发展起来的全波形反演应用及其在勘探地球物理领域的发展进行了分析;其次,面对定量化、精细化的地震勘探要求,提出了将地震勘探全波形反演与其他数据处理环节或处理技术相结合的研究设想,并展望了全波形反演的发展趋势;最后,论述了全波形反演研究中地震波场数值模拟、反演初始速度模型获取、目标函数形式选择、寻优算法启用及各向异性介质中的应用等关键问题,并总结了通过Laplace域的全波形反演获取反演初始速度模型、结合射线追踪并充分发挥并行计算之于波动方程方法来模拟地震波场的巨大优势,及灵活选用反演目标函数形式和寻优算法更新速度模型参数来加快全波形反演方法的实用化进程。     

Wavelet packet envelope multi-scale full waveform inversion

Full waveform inversion ( FWI) is an effective tool for constructing high resolution velocity models, but it is affected by a local minima problem.Without long offsets and low frequency data, it is difficult to apply the conventional multi-scale FWI to actual seismic data.In this study, the large offset and low frequency infor-mation are provided by the method of wavelet packet envelope for the conventional FWI.The gradient can be computed efficiently with the adjoint state method without any additional computational cost.Marmousi synthetic data is used to illustrate that, compared with Hilbert envelope-based FWI, wavelet packet envelope FWI can provide an adequately accurate model for the conventional FWI approach even when the initial model is far from the true model and the low-frequency data are missing.     

Application of constrained sparse spike inversion in reservoir predication: a case study of Oriente Basin in South America

In the conditions of low Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) of seismic data and a small quality of log information,the consequences of seismic interpretation through the impedance inversion of seismic data could be more precise. Constrained sparse spike inversion(CSSI) has advantage in oil and gas reservoir predication because it does not rely on the original model. By analyzing the specific algorithm of CSSI,the accuracy of inversion is controlled. Oriente Basin in South America has the low amplitude in geological structure and complex lithologic trap. The well predication is obtained by the application of CSSI.     

An algorithm for multi-exponential inversion of T2spectrum in nuclear magnetic resonance

NMＲ logging can provide the permeability parameter and abundant stratigraphical information such as total porosity,oil,gas and water saturation,oil viscosity,etc． And these physical parameters can be ob- tained by T2spectrum inversion． NMＲ inversion is an important part in logging interpretation． The authors de- scribe a multi-exponential inversion algorithm,solid iteration redress technique (SIＲT),and apply the algo- rithm in real data and compare the results with those based on singular value decomposition (SVD)． It shows that SIＲT algorithm is easier to be understood and implemented,and the time spent in SIＲT is much shorter than that of SVD algorithm． And the non-negative property of T2spectrum is much easier to be implemented． It can match the results based on SVD very well． SIＲT algorithm can be used in T2spectrum inversion for NMＲ analysis．     

基于压缩感知原理的L1范数AVO反演算法

基于压缩感知稀疏信号采样与重构理论,利用AVO反演方法将传统的L2范数改变为L1范数,反演地下地层在L1范数下的稀疏脉冲反射系数。反演得到的稀疏尖峰将局部地下结构通过有限数量的层状结构的叠加来表示,能够提高纵向精度,与传统的AVO反演算法相比提高了薄层的反演效果且具有一定的抗噪性。数值模型及实际数据的结果表明,基于压缩感知原理的L1范数AVO反演方法更加准确、分辨率更高。     

APPlication of suPPressing random noise in seismic data based on Trivashrink and DTCWT

In Process of seismic exPloration,the noise of seismic signals Produces serious interference. Conven-tional methods of wavelet threshold denoising cannot fully use the characteristics of seismic signal...     

Joint inversion of magnetotelluric and fullwaveform seismic data based on alternating cross-gradient structural constraints

Magnetotelluric(MT)inversion and seismic inversion are important methods for the interpretation of subsurface exploration data,but separate inversion of MT and seismic produces ambiguous and non-unique results due to various factors.In order to achieve accurate results,the authors propose a joint inversion method of two-dimensional MT and seismic data in the frequency domain.The finite element method is used for numerical simulation of electromagnetic data in the forward modelling,and the Gauss-Newton method is used for the inversion.The 9-point-finite-difference method is used to solve the seismic wave field in the acoustic wave equation,and the inverse problem of seismic data is solved by full waveform inversion with a conjugate gradient,a simple and fast method.Cross gradient functions are used to provide constraint structure between resistivity and velocity parameters to carry out the joint inversion.The joint inversion algorithm is tested by double-rectangular model synthesis data,and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified.The results show that the joint inversion results are better than those from separate inversion.The algorithm is applied to a geophysical model of a metalliferous deposit in Jinchuan and is compared with the separate inversion results.It shows that the results obtained with joint inversion are much closer to the real model.     

论多种数据联合反演的模式及算法

针对日益丰富的数据资料，综述了大地测量反演的发展进程，论述了多种数据联合反演的意义和必要性，给出了兼顾权比确定的大地测量、地震和地质三类数据的联合反演模式及采用水准测量、GPS和重力三种数据联合反演断层参数的具体公式，特别介绍了求解优化问题所有全局最优解的区间算法，并给出了基本算例，结果体现了区间算法无可比拟的优越性及其在大地测量反演领域中的应用前景。     

青藏东缘三维Moho界面的位场遗传算法反演

针对波数域中Parker-Oldenburg位场迭代反演方法中存在向下延拓的问题,提出了利用改进的遗传算法进行三维Moho界面反演的位场遗传反演方法。通过模型试算证明了该方法的有效性和稳定性,并利用该方法反演了青藏高原东缘三维Moho界面的分布。     

重力数据约束的二维地震层析成像在台湾海峡南部的应用

地震-重力联合反演可以降低多解性，针对大勘探范围内岩石波速-密度关系存在较大散布的问题，引入交叉梯度结构约束构建统一的目标函数是一种有效的解决方案。利用台湾海峡南部HX-13测线进行验证：由于火成岩侵入体的存在，部分区域难以拾取可靠的地震初至，常规的走时反演无法准确恢复基底面的形态。搜集研究区的船测重力资料，根据地震地质条件和数据特点设置合适的反演参数，实现基于物性和结构双重约束的重力-地震联合反演。由对反演结果的分析和解释可以看出，该方法可在很大程度上弥补地震数据不完备的缺陷，使反演过程稳定，并提高模型的可靠性。     

3 D inversion of borehole gravity data using cokriging

Borehole gravity has been used in mineral exPloration recently with the advent of slim-hole gravime-ters. It is logical to Perform inversion to utilize the information in the newly acquired data. The i...     

用U曲线法确定地震同震滑动分布反演正则化参数

针对地震滑动分布反演中正则化参数选取问题，提出利用U曲线法确定地震滑动分布反演正则化参数。利用U曲线法、L曲线法设计模拟实验，并将两种方法应用到芦山实际震例反演中。模拟实验以及芦山实际震例反演结果表明，利用U曲线法确定正则化参数反演地震滑动分布结果与L曲线法相比具有反演精度高、无需依赖数据拟合精度等优势。     

Full waveform inversion based on improved MLQN method

Full waveform inversion( FWI) is a challenging data-fitting procedure between model wave field value and theoretical wave field value. The essence of FWI is an optimization problem,and therefore,it is important to study optimization method. The study is based on conventional Memoryless quasi-Newton( MLQN)method. Because the Conjugate Gradient method has ultra linear convergence,the authors propose a method by using Fletcher-Reeves( FR) conjugate gradient information to improve the search direction of the conventional MLQN method. The improved MLQN method not only includes the gradient information and model information,but also contains conjugate gradient information. And it does not increase the amount of calculation during every iterative process. Numerical experiment shows that compared with conventional MLQN method,the improved MLQN method can guarantee the computational efficiency and improve the inversion precision.     

Application of artificial bee colony algorithm in Rayleigh wave inversion

In order to solve the problems of multi-parameter,multi-extreme and multi-solution in the nonlinear iterative optimization process of Rayleigh wave inversion,the artificial bee colony(ABC)algorithm is selected for global nonlinear inversion.The global nonlinear inversion method does not rely on a strict initial model and does not need to calculate the derivative of the objective function.The ABC algorithm uses the local optimization behavior of each individual artificial bee to finally highlight the global optimal value in the colony,and the convergence speed is faster.While searching for the global optimal solution,an effective local search can also be performed to ensure the reliability of the inversion results.This paper uses the ABC algorithm to perform Rayleigh wave dispersion inversion on the actual seismic data to obtain a clear undergrounding of shear wave velocity profile and accurately identify the location of the high-velocity interlayer.It is verified that the ABC algorithm used in the inversion of the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve is stable and converges quickly.     

利用改进模拟退火算法反演甘肃兰州地区地幔转换带导电模型

地磁测深一维反演可以获得地磁台站下方地球深部电导率结构.将改进模拟退火算法应用于地磁测深数据的反演,并将基于反演过程中的所有优质解进行统计分析得到的期望值作为模型最优解.地磁测深合成数据的一维反演测试结果表明:对于无噪声的理论数据,传统模拟退火算法可以恢复出真实的电导率剖面;存在噪声时,相较传统模拟退火算法,改进模拟退...     

高速岩体反射地震探测中的数据采集与处理

为了调查内蒙古阿拉善某高放废物地质处置库预选场址中目标花岗岩体的空间展布、内部结构和边界接触关系,应用人工反射地震探测技术,采集数据并进行处理,获得了针对大型高速岩体的近地表速度剖面和地震反射波法成像剖面。针对崎岖地表工区近地表速度建模与层析静校正、强散射干扰波压制等问题,引进基于MSFM射线追踪算法的初至波旅行时层析反演与层析静校正技术、改进的矢量分解压噪方法等,并在常规高分辨反射地震数据处理流程的基础上形成了适合于高速岩体地震探测的精细数据处理流程。     

一种去除地震背景噪音的新方法

结合希尔伯特-黄变换方法,根据信号背景噪音时间延续性假设,提出了一种自适应地震信号去噪算法。利用该算法实现了台站地震监测信号的去噪分析。分析表明：1）该去噪算法能根据背景信号特性有效去除信号的低频干扰;2）该算法可自适应完成信号分解去噪,计算效率高,无时间分辨率和频率分辨率问题;3）该算法处理高频干扰存在缺陷,有待进一步完善。     

Full waveform inversion based on initial model built from envelope inversion

Full waveform inversion is a fitting process based on full seismic wave field simulation data using the full waveform information in seismic records and theoretically it is the ultimate goal of seismic inversion.Howev-er, there are many problems to be solved in practical application.Firstly, it is the strong nonlinear problem be-tween the seismic wave field and inversion parameters;secondly, the lack of low-frequency information in seis-mic records.In this study, the envelope is used as objective function inversion to provide the inversion result for the multi-scale full waveform inversion as the initial model, solving the lack of low-frequency information in seismic records.Taking the envelope of seismic records as the objective function in combination of multi-scale full waveform inversion became a new inversion strategy, which naturally achieved the compensation of shortage of low-frequency information and inversion from low frequency to high frequency, reducing the non-linearity in the inversion process.The comparison of the result of full waveform inversion of the initial model built through envelope inversion with the result of the conventional multi-scale full waveform inversion indicates the effective-ness of envelope inversion for the recovery of low-frequency information in seismic records.     

Research and application on CSAMT constraint inversion

In this paper, according to the method of electrical constraint inversion, we can improve the accuracy of inversion interpretation using the constraint of electrical logging data in the inversion process, which is conducive to obtain more abundant geoelectric information. On the basis of the conventional OCCAM inversion algorithm, the model roughness in the objective function is improved, and the formula of the electrical constraint inversion iterative algorithm is derived in detail based on the modified objective function. Taking the geothermal exploration in Changbai Mountain area as an example, the measured CSAMT data are used as the resistivity model for inversion, and the electrical property is constrained by the actual data from wells drilled in the section. It can be found that the method of electrical constraint inversion can improve the accuracy of inversion interpretation and guide the development of constrained inversion methods in different ways.     

高精度广义KL变换波场分离与去噪

KL滤波是地震数据处理中的重要方法技术之一。针对在实际中如何有效地应用好KL变换的问题，结合有效波同相轴高精度拾取和排齐技术，采用奇异值分解（SVD）算法实现KL变换，使KL滤波适用于任意弯曲同相轴的分离与消除。理论模型计算和实际资料处理试验表明，使甬该方法能有效地分离相干噪声和随机噪声，提高地震记录的信噪比，简单实用．便于操作。