采用两步式模型修正过程识别海上风电支撑结构的损伤

针对海上风电支撑结构损伤识别的难点,将一种新的模型修正方法应用到了三脚架式海上风电支撑结构的损伤识别中。采用数学上常用的正则化方法,解决了实测模态含噪声条件下损伤识别"病态"方程组的求解问题;结合Guyan扩阶技术,实现了基于低阶不完备模态的损伤识别。另外,为提高损伤识别精度,结合算例提出一种两步式模型修正过程:第一步,初步定位损伤位置;第二步,精确识别损伤位置和损伤程度。数值研究结果表明,采用两步式模型修正过程的方法对于海上风电支撑结构的损伤识别是有效的。     

工程结构损伤定位方法的研究

针对三维框架结构等复杂大型土木工程结构,研究基于振动测试的结构损伤诊断方法,提出了1种精确、有效的基于交叉模态应变能(CMSE)的结构损伤诊断方法。传统的模态应变能方法是将损伤前后的同阶模态进行比较,而CMSE方法没有这个限制。此方法最大的优点是需要的模态信息数量少——通常一阶模态就足够了,除此之外CMSE方法不要求进行模态的归一化。文中以三维5层的框架结构的有限元模型对新的方法进行了验证。数值模拟中结构的损伤分为2种情况——单个单元损伤和多个单元的损伤。虽然只给出了三维框架结构的示例,但这种新方法同样适用于其他结构。     

波浪作用下海洋石油井架模态参数识别与承载力评价

提出基于试验模态参数识别和优化算法修改动力有限元模型的海洋石油井架安全承载能力评价方法.推导基于波浪脉动的试验模态参数识别公式,介绍有限元模型动力修正的一阶优化方法.以海洋随机波浪脉动作为激励,对勘探三号海洋石油井架进行了现场模态试验,识别出前二阶固有频率.以此作为有限元模型修正的基础,应用一阶搜索优化算法,对动力有限元模型进行了修正,结果表明:该修正模型比较准确反映了井架目前的结构状态,能够用于进一步的静、动力分析和安全承载能力评价.     

地震拖缆的复模态振动主动控制

地震拖缆系统的振动是影响海上油气勘探数据采集效率的主要因素,为提高勘探作业效率,研究了地震拖缆系统的主动振动控制问题。地震拖缆系统的重阻尼特性使得实模态控制技术难以实施。在地震拖缆系统有限元模型的基础上,基于模态观测器,在独立复模态空间,通过选择合适的权重矩阵,对地震拖缆的低阶模态设计了稳定的最优控制规律。通过对带有四个水鸟的拖缆系统的主动控制仿真,证明基于复模态的地震拖缆最优控制策略,在最大程度上利用水鸟自带电池能量的基础上,有效地抑制拖缆系统的振动,既能减少悬挂式水鸟更换频率,又能提高数据采集的质量,进而提高勘探作业效率。     

基于实测数据的海上风电结构动力响应分析

地震是危害海上风电结构作业安全的重要环境因素,目前,国内尚未公开发表真实地震响应下,海上风电结构的实测动力响应数据。分析了某地震活动区海上风电结构的实测地震响应,采用随机子空间识别方法进行风机的模态识别,阐述了风机机舱偏航将引起前后、左右两个正交方向振动的耦合,并从理论上证明了利用耦合、解耦数据识别模态参数的差异。结果表明：1）耦合与解耦信号识别的频率、阻尼比完全相同,而耦合信号识别的模态振型与偏航角有关;2）地震作用会对结构产生巨大冲击;3）非地震作用下,风机塔筒前后、左右第一阶弯曲模态为主要模态,地震作用可以激发风机的高阶模态,使得塔筒中上部而不是顶部的振动响应最大。此分析对地震活动区海上风电结构的抗震设计具有一定的参考价值。     

滩海桶形基础平台整体模态计算

桶形基础平台是一种新型的海洋结构,由于其基础形式的特殊性目前还没有可行的结构计算方法。文章利用MARC程序作为平台,建立了滩海桶形基础平台整体模态计算的有限元离散模型,并对我国第一座桶形基础平台进行了前20阶模态分析,得到了一些很有用的结论。     

传感器优化配置的修正逐步累积法

讨论了模态实验中传感器的配置问题。利用结构振型矩阵转置的 QR分解得到传感器的初始配置。以模态置信度 MAC矩阵的最大非对角元为目标函数 ,利用本文提出的修正逐步累积法得到传感器的配置 ,并提出传感器配置必须结合优化效果和经济性 2方面综合考虑     

海洋平台结构模态参数识别的仿真研究

将特征系统实现法(ERA)与CBSI算法相结合识别海洋平台结构的模态参数(固有频率,阻尼比,振型),利用有限的加速度信号进行结构模态参数识别。海洋平台结构数值模型模拟的动力响应信号用于参数识别。所识别出的海洋平台模态参数与有限元ANSYS分析所得的结果相比较,表明运用本文所提出的方法进行模态参数识别是有效的。     

海上风机不同模型的对比分析

海上风力发电作为一种绿色能源,越来越受到重视,风机系统的研究具有重要意义。海上风机支撑结构设计主要基于风机系统完整模型和集中质量简化模型。本文建立了两种模型,通过输入P-y曲线,并模拟施加波浪荷载、潮流荷载、风荷载等,分别对两种模型进行静力分析和动力响应分析。结果表明,两种模型支撑系统的最大水平位移、水平应力和弯矩均存在一定差异,振型和振动频率相差很大,不同模型对风机支撑结构的动力响应有一定的影响。在风机支撑结构设计时,建立完整风机模型更能降低支撑系统承载破坏的可能。     

水下桩腿长度变化对浮式结构固有频率的影响研究

为了分析带支腿浮式结构水下桩腿处于不同的长度时振动固有频率的变化情况,采用有限元方法和三维线性水弹性理论对一理想的带支腿浮式结构进行研究,分工况计算了3种弹性模态的干、湿固有频率。结果表明对于同一阶弹性模态来说,结构主体平台振型是决定水动力系数大小的主要因素,桩腿水下长度是次要因素,而振型又受到桩腿长度的制约;桩腿水下长度的改变对带支腿浮式结构的干模态固有频率以及湿固有频率都有较明显地调制作用。对于干模态固有频率来说,桩腿关于船身越趋于对称分布时结构的共振频率越高;对于湿固有频率来说,水下桩腿长度地增加有迫使共振频率趋向低频方向移动趋势。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.