2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震震害分布特征及发震构造分析

2013年7月22日,甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震发生在南北地震带的中北段,东昆仑断裂和西秦岭北缘断裂是该地区复杂多样的构造几何特征中2条主要的边界控制断裂.这次地震的震害分布与临潭-宕昌断裂的走向基本一致,为长轴走向NWW的椭圆,极震区内严重破坏范围也完全位于该断裂带内,这与临潭-宕昌断裂复杂的几何结构密切相关,也说明地震的发生是多条次级断裂共同作用的结果.综合分析认为,受西秦岭北缘断裂带向南侧的扩展和青藏高原向NE扩展过程中东昆仑断裂带的NE向挤压作用共同影响下的临潭-宕昌断裂是这次地震的发震构造.     

临潭—宕昌主干断裂南东段晚第四纪活动的地质地貌证据

临潭—宕昌断裂带总体上位于东昆仑断裂和西秦岭北缘断裂之间。作为甘东南构造转换和变形传递过程中的一条重要的断裂,其几何展布\,新活动性和运动特征对讨论地震的孕育有着至关重要的作用。前人对临潭—宕昌断裂进行了大量的调查和研究,尤其在2013年岷县—漳县MS6.6地震发生后,认为该断裂各分支断裂活动差异明显,除主干断裂南东段不活动外,其余次级断裂在晚第四纪以来皆有活动。笔者通过对临潭—宕昌主干断裂1∶5万断裂活动性填图工作,在主干断裂南东段发现了多处晚第四纪活动的地质与地貌证据,这一发现对临潭—宕昌断裂带结构特征及活动性是一个重要补充,有助于完善该地区的区域构造几何图像和运动特征,对认识区域构造活动、构造转换和变形传递有关重要的意义。     

西秦岭临潭-宕昌断裂第四纪最新活动特征

临潭-宕昌断裂是西秦岭造山带内一条重要的分支断裂,其最新活动特征是分析西秦岭构造变形的重要依据。临潭-宕昌断裂的新构造活动强烈,中强地震频繁,但目前对于断裂的新活动特征研究程度较低,未见有其全新世活动地质地貌证据的报道。文中基于遥感解译、宏观地貌分析研究断裂的长期活动表现和分段性;同时通过地质地貌考察、无人机摄影测量、差分GPS和放射性碳测年等方法定量研究断裂的新活动特征;最后基于研究结果探讨了断裂及附近区域的地震危险性和区域构造变形。结果表明:根据断层迹线收敛程度和宏观地貌差异,可将临潭-宕昌断裂分为西、中、东3段;断裂的运动性质以左旋走滑为主,兼具逆冲分量,左旋走滑使洮河及其支流、冲沟和山脊等发生同步左旋拐弯,最大左旋位移可达3km,逆冲分量使新近纪盆地边缘和内部形成300~500m的垂向位移;断裂的最新活动时代为全新世,限定了1次2 090~7 745a BP(置信度为2σ)的全新世古地震事件;全新世早期以来,临潭-宕昌断裂东段主干断裂的左旋走滑速率为0.86~1.65mm/a,垂直滑动速率为0.05~0.10mm/a。临潭-宕昌断裂分配了约2mm/a的左旋走滑分量,是东昆仑-西秦岭阶区变形分配的关键断裂之一。     

1837年甘肃岷县北6级地震考证与发震构造分析

通过对1837年甘肃岷县北6级地震的历史资料考证、 发震构造的综合研究表明:在1837年地震中遭破坏最为严重的地区位于今岷县堡子乡武旗及临潭县陈旗一带(当时的洮州厅以东约15 km)。 由此确定1837年甘肃岷县地震极震区位于甘肃岷县-临潭-卓尼三县交界, 极震区烈度为Ⅷ度, 震中位于北纬34.7°, 东经103.9°, 误差在10 km以内。 该地区构造位于东昆仑断裂带和西秦岭北缘断裂带的应变传递和构造转换的中间过渡区, 其中临潭-宕昌断裂带活动特性差异明显, 只有部分地段表现出全新世活动特征, 地震极震区一带分布有不同程度的滑坡和基岩崩塌等。 综合分析认为, 临潭-宕昌断裂带的岷县-宕昌段的前缘分支断裂是甘肃岷县1837年6级地震的发震构造。     

2013年7月22日甘肃岷县-漳县M_S6.6地震震源破裂过程

2013年7月22日,在甘肃岷县漳县交界处发生MS6.6地震,地震震中位置靠近临潭—宕昌断裂.本文通过构建有限断层模型,利用国家强震动台网中心提供的12条强地面运动三分量资料,通过波形反演方法来研究这次地震的震源破裂过程.结果显示这次地震是发生在甘东南地区岷县—宕昌断裂带东段附近的一次MW6.1级逆冲兼具左旋走滑破裂事件,最大滑动量约为80cm.发震断层走向及滑动性质与岷县—宕昌断裂吻合,推断本次地震与东昆仑断裂向北的扩展和推挤密切相关,是岷县—宕昌断裂进一步活动的结果.     

2013年甘肃岷县漳县M_S6.6地震及其余震序列重定位

使用甘东南地区三维速度模型,利用三维网格搜索法和双差地震定位法对2013年7月22日甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震及其震后三天的余震序列进行了精确定位,结合地质构造资料对本次地震的发震构造进行了初步研究。其结果显示:主震的震中位置为34.54°N,104.189°E,震源深度13.5km;余震震中呈NW或NWW方向分布,与临潭-宕昌断裂的走向基本吻合,主要分布于5～20km的深度,震中在深度剖面上呈SW向;发震断裂为倾向SW的隐伏断层,位于临潭-宕昌断裂NE方向,距临潭-宕昌断裂约20km。     

1573年甘肃岷县地震史料考证与发震构造探讨

通过对1573年甘肃岷县地震的历史资料考证和发震构造的综合研究表明:在1573年岷县地震中遭受破坏最为严重的地区位于如今的岷县县城一带(当时为岷州府所在地)。综合各种资料确定1573年甘肃岷县地震震级为621,极震区烈度为Ⅷ~Ⅸ度,震中位于北纬34.4°,东经104.0°,震中精度为2类,震中位置偏差小于或等于25km。该地区构造上位于东昆仑断裂带和西秦岭北缘断裂带的应变传递和构造转换的中间过渡区,其中的临潭-宕昌断裂带活动特性差异明显,只有部分地段表现出全新世活动特征,地震极震区一带分布有不同程度的滑坡和基岩崩塌等。综合分析认为,临潭-宕昌断裂带的岷县-宕昌段是甘肃岷县1573年621级地震的发震构造。     

甘肃夏河断裂新活动的发现

2019年10月28日甘肃夏河M_S5.7地震发生于临潭—宕昌断裂与西秦岭北缘断裂之间,震中周边断裂的发育情况不明,断裂研究程度低,且无明确的地表断裂与该地震相关。本文通过遥感解译和野外调查,完善了震中周边断裂即临潭—宕昌断裂、夏河断裂东段和达麦—合作断裂的几何展布图像和新活动特征,结合小震精定位和震源机制,综合分析并构建了夏河地震的发震构造模型。研究结果显示:夏河地震的周边断裂包括两条已知、但研究程度不高的西秦岭北缘断裂和临潭—宕昌断裂,以及仅标绘在地质图上、活动未知的夏河断裂和达麦—合作断裂;首次发现了夏河断裂东段的新活动,活动性质兼具左旋走滑和向北逆冲,前人基于小震定位判定的发震断层（走向312°,倾向42°,倾角48°）可能是夏河断裂东段派生的一条隐伏分支,该分支在平面上与夏河断裂东段呈小角度斜交（夹角22°）,在深部归并到夏河断裂,滑动方向（滑动角48°）与夏河断裂东段的活动性质（兼具逆冲和左旋）一致。夏河断裂东段在构造上可能归属于临潭—宕昌断裂西段,是西秦岭北缘断裂正花状构造的组成部分,2019年夏河M_S5.7地震代表临潭—宕昌断裂西段的构造活动。      

2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震触发滑坡及其构造分析

2013年7月22日,甘肃省岷县漳县交界发生了Ms6.6地震.地震触发了大量的、类型各种各样的滑坡.滑坡类型以黄土崖崩、滑、倾为主,还有一些深层连贯型土质滑坡、大型土质流滑、斜坡裂缝等类型.地震滑坡主要分布在一个与临潭-宕昌断裂平行的长条形区域内.该长条形区域面积约为250km2,长度约40km,最大宽度约8km.对应不同构造段落的区域内滑坡发育程度不同,反映了不同段落发震构造的特征差异.滑坡的主体分布范围与震中位置表明了构造破裂是从SEE向NWW方向发展的.最后,分析了该滑坡主体分布区中心线与临潭-宕昌断裂在空间地理位置上相差10km的2种可能的原因.     

甘肃东南地区构造活动与2013年岷县—漳县MS6.6级地震孕震机制

位于南北地震带中北段的甘东南地区,其构造变形和构造活动特征与青藏高原向北东方向的扩展密切相关,该地区复杂的构造几何形态主要受控于东昆仑断裂和西秦岭北缘断裂,区域新构造运动主要动力来源于青藏高原向北东的扩展.近年来,甘东南地区中强地震频发,本文主要通过对该地区构造活动特征、历史地震等资料的综合分析讨论,结合地球物理、地震学和野外调查等资料,认为青藏高原东北部东昆仑断裂的向北挤压和向东的运动是该地区构造应力集中的主要原因,也是该地区中强地震的主要孕震环境和机制,而西秦岭北缘断裂的走滑及向南北两侧逆冲“花状构造”是临潭—宕昌断裂带上中强地震频繁发生的一个重要动力因素.2013年7月22日发生在甘肃岷县—漳县的M_S6.6级地震正好位于临潭—宕昌断裂带中东段上,是该断裂分段不均匀活动的结果.     

THE RESPONSE OF FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FUJIANG DRAINGE BASIN TO ACTIVITY OF THE HUYA FAULT ZONE

The Huya Fault, located in the steep topographic boundary of the Minshan Mountains in the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, has documented many major earthquakes such as the 1630(M=6 3/4), 1973 Huanglong(M_S=6.5) and the 1976 Songpan-Pingwu earthquake swarm(M_S=7.2, 6.7, 7.2). While its activity remains unclear because of lacking Quaternary sediments. In the past few decades, there have been significant advances in understanding the relationship between bedrock channel landscapes and active tectonics, indicating that the bedrock fluvial features can well record the tectonic activity. Many studies reveal that tectonism is the primary factor of landscape evolution in tectonically active regions, and the erosional landscapes can be used to reveal tectonic signals on timescales of 10³~10⁶ years. The Huya Fault crosses the Fujiang drainage basin, making it suitable for the study of bedrock rivers and tectonic uplift in the eastern margin of Minshan. In this study, we calculate the geomorphologic indeices(hillslope, local relief, normalized steepness indices and hypsometric integral) on the basis of the digital elevation model(DEM) SRTM-1. For better understanding the tectonic activity along this fault, we derive some small catchments on the two sides of the Huya fault to analyze the differences of average steepness indices and hypsometric integral. Combining with field observations, lithology, precipitation and modern erosion rates, this study suggests that tectonic activity is the controlling factor of geomorphology in the eastern margin of the Minshan Mountains. We use focal mechanism solutions, GPS data and geomorphic evidence to explore the relationship between the geomorphologic indices of the Fujiang drainage and activity characteristics of the Huya fault. Our results suggest that:(1) The Fujiang drainage basin is in a steady state. The characteristics of the knickpoints indicate that they are mainly controlled by the locally resistant substrate. (2) The suggested value of the geomorphologic index on the west side of the Huya fault is generally larger than on the east side, showing differential tectonic uplift rates across the fault. (3) The difference of the geomorphologic index of the small catchments on both sides of the Huya fault is gradually increasing from north to south along this fault, in accordance with that the north and south segments of the Huya fault are dominated by strike-and reverse-slip, respectively.     

LATE-QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF THE YALAHE FAULT OF THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE,EASTERN MARGIN OF THE TIBET PLATEAU

Complex geometrical structures on strike-slip faults would likely affect fault behavior such as strain accumulation and distribution, seismic rupture process, etc. The Xianshuihe Fault has been considered to be a Holocene active strike-slip fault with a high horizontal slip rate along the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. During the past 300 years, the Xianshuihe Fault produced 8 earthquakes with magnitude≥7 along the whole fault and showed strong activities of large earthquakes. Taking the Huiyuansi Basin as a structure boundary, the northwestern and southeastern segments of the Xianshuihe Fault show different characteristics. The northwestern segment, consisting of the Luhuo, Daofu and Qianning sections, shows a left-stepping en echelon pattern by simple fault strands. However, the southeastern segment(Huiyuansi-Kangding segment)has a complex structure and is divided into three sub-faults: the Yalahe, Selaha and Zheduotang Faults. To the south of Kangding County, the Moxi segment of the Xianshuihe Fault shows a simple structure. The previous studies suggest that the three sub-faults(the Yalahe, Selaha and Zheduotang Faults of the Huiyuansi-Kangding segment)unevenly distribute the strain of the northwestern segment of the Xianshuihe Fault. However, the disagreement of the new activity of the Yalahe Fault limits the understanding of the strain distribution model of the Huiyuansi-Kangding segment. Most scholars believed that the Yalahe Fault is a Holocene active fault. However, Zhang et al.(2017)used low-temperature thermochronology to study the cooling history of the Gongga rock mass, and suggested that the Yalahe Fault is now inactive and the latest activity of the Xianshuihe Fault has moved westward over the Selaha Fault. The Yalahe Fault is the only segment of the Xianshuihe Fault that lacks records of the strong historical earthquakes. Moreover, the Yalahe Fault is located in the alpine valley area, and the previous traffic conditions were very bad. Thus, the previous research on fault activity of the fault relied mainly on the interpretation of remote sensing, and the uncertainty was relatively large. Through remote sensing and field investigation, we found the geological and geomorphological evidence for Holocene activity of the Yalahe Fault. Moreover, we found a well-preserved seismic surface rupture zone with a length of about 10km near the Yariacuo and the co-seismic offsets of the earthquake are about 2.5~3.5m. In addition, we also advance the new active fault track of the Yalahe Fault to Yala Town near Kangding County. In Wangmu and Yala Town, we found the geological evidence for the latest fault activity that the Holocene alluvial fans were dislocated by the fault. These evidences suggest that the Yalahe Fault is a Holocene active fault, and has the seismogenic tectonic condition to produce a large earthquake, just like the Selaha and Zheduotang Faults. These also provide seismic geological evidence for the strain distribution model of the Kangding-Huiyuansi segment of the Xianshuihe Fault.     

2014年新疆于田7.3级地震发震构造和震前地震活动过程讨论

2014年2月12日在新疆于田发生7.3级地震,震中位于阿尔金断裂西段,这是继2008年3月21日于田7.3级地震后在塔里木盆地南侧发生的第2次7级地震。这次于田7.3级地震的余震主体沿NE向分布,余震区的西南段呈近SN向分布;绝大部分余震与前震在余震区西南密集分布,强余震(全部的5级以上地震和81%的4级地震)绝大多数都分布在这个区域,第1天的余震主要在这个区域呈近SN向分布,余震由西向东扩展。在这次于田地震的近SN方向上曾在1982、2011以及2012年先后发生过几次6级左右的地震,而这次地震填补了其中的空段。文中从区域构造环境、地震震源机制解和余震分布特征等方面,分析这次地震的发震过程,认为地震发生在硝尔库勒盆地南缘的分支断裂,受阿尔金断裂带构造应力影响,硝尔库勒盆地受到局部近EW向的拉张作用力,首先沿近SN向破裂,这个构造部位的解锁,促进阿尔金断裂左旋错动,产生NE向破裂,应力向东传递;文中还对有历史记录以来,阿尔金断裂上7级地震的发震构造及其对阿尔金断裂带的影响进行了讨论。     

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF STRONG EARTHQUAKE ON THE RECURRENCE BEHAVIOR OF MAJOR EARTHQUAKE ON ACTIVE FAULT-TAKING THE MIDDLE-NORTH SECTION OF XIANSHUIHE FAULT AS AN EXAMPLE

It is of great significance to determine the factors and causes that affect the recurrence of major earthquakes. This paper introduces the influence of strong earthquake on the recurrence of major earthquakes according to elastic rebound theory, and then proposes to calculate the impact time Δt respectively from the effect of strong earthquakes on the same and surrounding faults on the major earthquake recurrence by using seismic moment release rate method and Coulomb stress change. In this paper, we studied the change amount of major earthquake recurrence by taking four earthquakes with magnitude greater than 6.5 occurring at different fracture sections of the Xianshuhe fault zone as an example, they occurred on Daofu, Changcu, Zhuwo Fault, respectively. We used seismic moment rate method to calculate the impact time Δt of strong earthquake on the recurrence of major earthquakes on the Daofu-Qianning Fault. We further discussed the effect of the Coulomb stress change due to the interaction between faults on the recurrence of subsequent major earthquakes. The co-seismic and post-seismic Coulomb stress changes caused by strong earthquake on the surrounding faults on the Ganzi-Luhuo Fault are calculated. With the fault interaction considered, the importance of the interaction between faults in the middle-north section of the Xianshuihe fault zone to change the recurrence of large earthquakes is retested and evaluated. The results indicate that the two strong earthquakes occurring along Xianshuihe Fault in 1904(M=7.0) and 1981(M=6.9) resulted in a delay of 80 years and 45 years of major earthquake recurrence on the Daofu-Qianning Fault respectively, and the M7.3 earthquake in 1923 and the M6.8 earthquake in 1967 resulted in an advance of 35 years of major earthquake recurrence on the Ganzi-Luhuo Fault.     

THE COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH OF RECENT GRAVITY AND CRUSTAL DEFORMATION IN NORTHEASTERN EDGE OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU

In this study, we systematically analyzed the relationship between regional gravity changes, 3D crustal deformation, regional tectonic environment and strong earthquakes based on the relative gravity measurements(2011-2014), GPS data and the background vertical deformation from the leveling measurements conducted from 1970 to 2011. Subsequently, we further characterized the temporal-spatial patterns and discussed the mechanism of regional gravity changes and the crustal deformation. The results can be summarized as follows:1)The regional gravity changes, the GPS-derived horizontal deformation and the vertical deformational obtained from leveling data showed a close spatial relationship:The gravity increased along with the direction of horizontal movement, and the gravity decreased with the crustal uplift and vice versa, which reflects the inherited characteristics of neotectonic activities. 2)The crustal deformation was closely related to the active faults. The contour lines of gravity changes and vertical deformation were generally along with the Qilian-Haiyuan Fault(the strike is NWW), and the crustal horizontal deformation showed left-lateral strike slip motion near the Qilian-Haiyuan Fault. 3)The strong earthquakes usually occur in the active faults where intensive gravity change and vertical and/or horizontal deformation occurred. The extrusion deformation, surface compression rate and gravity changes were obvious near the epicenter of 2016 Menyuan earthquake. The 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian M_S6.6 earthquake occurred in the direction-turning area of intense gravity gradient zone and the transitional area of surface compression and vertical deformation. The first author of this paper has made a medium-term forecast before the Minxian and Menyuan earthquakes, especially the location of the earthquake. Based on the above understandings, we emphasized that:there are still possibilities of strong or huge earthquakes within medium-long term in the areas of crustal deformation anomalies in the study region.     

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DAQINGSHAN DRAINAGE AREA IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF HETAO BASIN

The Daqingshan Fault located in the northern margin of the Hetao Basin has experienced intensive activity since late Quaternary, which is of great significance to the molding of the present geomorphology. Since basin geomorphological factors can be used to reflect regional geomorphological type and development characteristics, the use of typical geomorphology characteristics indexes may reveal the main factors that control the formation of topography. In recent years, more successful research experience has been accumulated by using hypsometric integral(HI) values and channel steepness index(k_sn)to quantitatively obtain geomorphic parameters to reveal regional tectonic uplift information. The rate of bedrock uplifting can be reflected by channel steepness index, the region with steep gradient has high rate of bedrock uplifting, while the region with slower slope has low rate of bedrock uplifting. The tectonic uplift can shape the geomorphic characteristics by changing the elevation fluctuation of mountains in study area, and then affect the hypsometric integral values distribution trend, thus, the HI value can be used to reflect the intensity of regional tectonic activity, with obvious indicating effect. Knick point can be formed by fault activity, and the information of knick point and its continuous migration to upstream can be recorded along the longitudinal profile of stream. Therefore, it is possible and feasible to obtain the information of tectonic activity from the geomorphic characteristics of Daqinshan area. The research on the quantitative analysis of regional large-scale tectonic activities in the Daqingshan area of the Yellow River in the Hetao Basin is still deficient so far. Taking this area as an example, based on the method of hypsometric integral(HI) and channel steepness index(k_sn), we use the DEM data with 30m resolution and GIS spatial analysis technology to extract the networks of drainage system and seven sub-basins. Then, we calculate the hypsometric integral(HI) values of each sub-basin and fit its spatial distribution characteristics. Finally, we obtain the values of channel steepness index and its fitting spatial distribution characteristics based on the improved Chi-plot bedrock analysis method. Combining the extraction results of geomorphic parameters with the characteristics of fault activity, we attempt to explore the characteristics of drainage system development and the response of stream profile and geomorphology to tectonic activities in the Daqingshan section of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the values of the hypsometric integral in the Daqingshan drainage area are medium, between 0.5~0.6, and the Strahler curve of each tributary is S-shaped, suggesting that the geomorphological development of the Daqingshan area is in its prime, and the tectonic activity and erosion is strong. Continuous low HI value is found in the tectonic subsidence area on the hanging wall of the Daqingshan Fault. The distribution characteristics of the HI value reveal that the Daqingshan Fault controls the geomorphic difference between basin and mountain. Longitudinal profiles of the river reveal the existence of many knick points. The steepness index of river distributes in high value along the trend of mountain which lies in the tectonic uplift area on the footwall of the Daqingshan Fault. It reflects that the bedrock uplift rate of Daqingshan area is faster. The distribution characteristics of the channel steepness index show that the uplift amplitude of Daqingshan area is strong and the bedrock is rapidly uplifted, which is significantly different from the subsidence amplitude in the depression basin at the south margin of the fault, indicating that the main power source controlling the basin mountain differential movement comes from Daqingshan Fault. Based on the comparison and analysis on tectonic, lithology and climate, there is no obvious corresponding relationship between the difference of rock erosion resistance and the change of geomorphic parameters, and the precipitation has little effect on the geomorphic transformation of Daqingshan area, and its contribution to the geomorphic development is limited. Thus, we think the lithology and rainfall conditions have limited impact on the hypsometric integral, longitudinal profiles of the river and channel steepness index. Lithology maybe has some influences on the channel knick points, while tectonic activity of piedmont faults is the main controlling factor that causes the unbalanced characteristics of the longitudinal profile of the channel and plays a crucial role in the development of the channel knick points. So, tectonic activity of the Daqingshan Fault is the main factor controlling the uplift and geomorphic evolution of the Daqingshan area.     

LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF THE CENTRAL SEGMENT OF THE DARI FAULT AND RESTUDY OF THE SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE OF THE 1947 M73/4 DARI EARTHQUAKE,QINGHAI PROVINCE

Bayan Hara Block is one of the most representative active blocks resulting from the lateral extrusion of Tibet Plateau since the Cenozoic. Its southern and northern boundary faults are characterized by typical strike-slip shear deformation. Its eastern boundary is blocked by the Yangze block and its horizontal movement is transformed into the vertical movement of the Longmen Shan tectonic belt, leading to the uplift of the Longmen Shan Mountains and forming a grand geomorphic barrier on the eastern margin of the Tibet Plateau. A series of large earthquakes occurred along the boundary faults of the Bayan Hara Block in the past twenty years, which have attracted attention of many scholars. At present, the related studies of active tectonics on Bayan Hara Block are mainly concentrated on the boundary faults, such as Yushu-Ganzi-Xianshuihe Fault, East Kunlun Fault and Longmen Shan Fault. However, there are also some large faults inside the block, which not only have late Quaternary activity, but also have tectonic conditions to produce strong earthquake. These faults divide the Bayan Hara Block into some secondary blocks, and may play important roles in the kinematics and dynamics mechanism of the Bayan Hara Block, or even the eastern margin of the Tibet Plateau. The Dari Fault is one of the left-lateral strike-slip faults in the Bayan Hara Block. The Dari Fault starts at the eastern pass of the Kunlun Mountains, extends eastward through the south of Yalazela, Yeniugou and Keshoutan, the fault strike turns to NNE direction at Angcanggou, then turns to NE direction again at Moba town, Qinghai Province, and the fault ends near Nanmuda town, Sichuan Province, with a total length of more than 500km. The fault has been considered to be a late Quaternary active fault and the 1947 M73/4 Dari earthquake was produced by its middle segment. But studies on the late Quaternary activity of the Dari Fault are still weak. The previous research mainly focused on the investigation of the surface rupture and damages of the 1947 M73/4 Dari earthquake. However, there were different opinions about the scale of the M73/4 earthquake surface rupture zone. Dai Hua-guang(1983)thought that the surface rupture of the earthquake was about 150km long, but Qinghai Earthquake Agency(1984)believed that the length of surface rupture zone was only 58km. Based on interpretation of high-resolution images and field investigations, in this paper, we studied the late Quaternary activity of the Dari Fault and the surface rupture zone of the 1947 Dari earthquake. Late Quaternary activity in the central segment of the Dari Fault is particularly significant. A series of linear tectonic landforms, such as fault trough valley, fault scarps, fault springs and gully offsets, etc. are developed along the Dari Fault. And the surface rupture zone of the 1947 Dari earthquake is still relatively well preserved. We conducted a follow-up field investigation for the surface rupture zone of the 1947 Dari earthquake and found that the surface rupture related to the Dari earthquake starts at Longgen village in Moba town, and ends near the northwest of the Yilonggounao in Jianshe town, with a length of about 70km. The surface rupture is primarily characterized by scarps, compressional ridges, pull-apart basins, landslides, cleavage, and the coseismic offset is about 2~4m determined by a series of offset gullies. The surface rupture zone extends to the northwest of Yilonggounao and becomes ambiguous. It is mainly characterized by a series of linear fault springs along the surface rupture zone. Therefore, we suggest that the surface rupture zone of the 1947 Dari earthquake ends at the northwest of Yilonggounao. In summary, the central segment of the Dari Fault can be characterized by strong late Quaternary activity, and the surface rupture zone of the 1947 Dari earthquake is about 70km long.     

郯庐断裂带白山-卅铺段第四纪以来的活动习性

根据构造地貌遥感解析,发现郯庐断裂带沿庐江白山到桐城卅铺一线显示1组平行断层,现场地震地质调查验证其为1组活动断层。通过断层剖面观测、样品采集及样品测试分析和宏微观构造分析,结果表明,郯庐断裂带在白山—卅铺一带第四纪以来仍具有黏滑、蠕滑交替的变形活动。其中,在柯坦—卅铺一带,最年轻的水系被NE向断层组右旋扭折,其断层物质的微观观测和测龄结果表明该断裂段第四纪时的活动具有脆、塑性过渡变形特征,强烈活动时间处于早、中更新世;而白山剖面断层泥年龄测试结果则反映相应断层段在中、晚更新世曾有过较强烈的活动。断层泥超微(SEM)和显微观测结果亦表明该断裂段曾发生黏滑、蠕滑交替的构造变形事件,且表现为先黏滑后蠕滑;结合水系呈现缓慢扭折表征,近年来沿断裂有不少微震发生,表明郯庐断裂带在白山—卅铺段的最新滑移方式主要表现为蠕滑,也就是说,该段积累的应力以蠕滑或微震等方式缓慢释放,据此推测未来一定时期内不易孕育强烈地震     

THE DISCUSSION FOR THE NEW ACTIVITY OF THE TIANQUAN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE 1327 TIANQUAN EARTHQUAKE,SICHUAN

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred along the Longmen Shan fault zone, only five years later, another M7 Lushan earthquake struck the southern segment where its seismic risk has been highly focused by multiple geoscientists since this event. Through geological investigations and paleoseismic trenching, we suggest that the segment along the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault at south of the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is active during Holocene. Along the fault, some discontinuous fault trough valleys developed and the fault dislocated the late Quaternary strata as the trench exposed. Based on analysis of historical records of earthquakes, we suggest that the epicenter of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake should be located near Tianquan and associated with the Shuangshi-Dachuan Fault. Furthermore, we compared the ranges of felt earthquakes(the 2013 M7 Lushan earthquake and the 1970 M_S6.2 Dayi earthquake)and suggest that the magnitude of the 1327 Tianquan earthquake is more possible between 6½ and 7. The southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone behaves as a thrust fault system consisting of several sub-paralleled faults and its deep structure shows multiple layers of decollement, which might disperse strain accumulation effectively and make the thrust system propagate forward into the foreland basin, creating a new decollement on a gypsum-salt bed. The soft bed is thick and does not facilitate to constrain fault deformation and accumulate strain, which produces a weak surface tectonic expression and seismic activity along the southern segment, this is quite different from that of the middle and northern segments of the Longmen Shan fault zone.