水力旋流器-离心机联合提纯制备药用蒙脱石

为了提高我国低品位膨润土资源的工业附加值,本论文以山东某地低品位膨润土为原料,在工艺矿物学研究基础之上,采用水力旋流器-离心机联合提纯工艺研究了药用蒙脱石的提纯工艺以及提纯产品的药用性能。研究发现膨润土中主要杂质矿物为α-石英和长石,膨润土颗粒粒度大小和蒙脱石含量负相关,蒙脱石主要分布于-325目粒级中,该粒级中蒙脱石分布率达到46.03%。利用水力旋流器-离心机联合分选工艺,在水力旋流器给矿浓度10%,给矿压力0.05MPa,沉砂嘴直径为10mm时进行预选,蒙脱石品位提高到51.41%,相应粗精矿产率为40.98%;预选粗精矿经过离心机一次精选,三次扫选进行深度提纯,在给矿浓度5%,给矿速度1.50m~3/h,离心机转速2 304r/min的工艺条件下,获得综合精矿品位为93.56%,合计产率为9.06%,回收率为22.91%,取得较理想的分选指标,制备出的高纯蒙脱石吸附力(0.48g/g)等各项指标较好的满足了药用蒙脱石的质量指标要求,实现了低品位膨润土资源的高附加值利用。     

新疆巴里坤膨润土矿研究

通过新疆巴里坤膨润土与国内外膨润土矿的对比,发现巴里坤膨润土在地质特征、化学成分、工艺矿物学指标等方面,都具有其特殊性。通过分析,巴里坤膨润土有较高的品位,其利用价值较高,为其开发利用提供了远景,可以促进新疆经济的发展。     

新疆巴里坤膨润土矿的矿物学及地质特征研究

对新近发现的新疆巴里坤大型膨润土矿进行了矿物学和地质特征研究,对该矿区791件膨润土样品进行了化学分析及数理统计,运用X射线衍射分析技术对其矿物组成进行了研究,查明新疆巴里坤大型膨润土矿蒙托石相对含量高,化学成分与国内其它膨润土矿相比差异明显,其中Na2O含量比较高,一般在4.20%~5.19%之间,Si和Al相对含量的变化是控制蒙脱石含量主要因素。从成矿地质背景分析,认为该矿床属火山沉积型矿床。     

建平膨润土的提纯工艺探索及其表征

采用湿法工艺对辽宁低品位钙基膨润土进行提纯,研究了分散剂的类型以及用量、液固比、离心时间、离心速度以及膨润土温度对蒙脱石含量的影响,并通过x-射线衍射对原土及提纯土的结构进行了表征.结果表明,建平膨润土最佳提纯条件为:分散剂用量0.5％、最佳液固比12、离心时间9 min、离心速度2 500 r/min、膨润土温度60℃.最佳条件下蒙脱石含量可以提高到92％以上.     

新疆巴里坤膨润土的工艺应用矿物学特性研究

从工艺矿物学角度系统研究了新疆巴里坤膨润土矿的矿石特征、化学成分、物理性质、矿物组成与结构、工艺应用属性等,认为巴里坤膨润土矿蒙脱石相对含量高,原土适用于石油钻井、铸造和冶金工业,将膨润土深加工后,可制得符合市场需求的有机膨润土、无机凝胶和高纯度蒙脱石等深加工产品.     

铝钛柱撑改性膨润土处理两种模拟废水的实验研究

以钠基膨润土为原料制备了铝钛无机柱撑、铝钛有机柱撑改性膨润土，确定了改性膨润土的最佳铝钛比和铝土比，并将其应用于模拟废水、化学实验室废水的处理。与原土进行比较，探讨了用量、pH值、搅拌时间等对COD去除率、色度去除率、浊度去除率的影响，通过正交实验对实验条件进行了优化。结果表明：有机柱撑改性膨润土、无机柱撑改性膨润土对废水的处理效果均明显好于原土，对废水色度、浊度的去除率均大于93％；对废水COD的去除效果，有机柱撑改性膨润土比无机柱撑改性膨润土有较大提高，去除率最高达66．31％，结果令人满意。     

超细钠基膨润土的制备

以莱西的钙基膨润土为原料,研究了分散方法、分散时间、分散剂种类及分散剂用量对膨润土钠化的影响,确定了最好的分散设备,提出了以3％的碳酸钠为钠化剂,0．4％的焦磷酸钠为分散剂,制备超细钠基膨润土的新工艺,并制备出了平均粒径为0．496μm的超细钠基膨润土。     

膨润土改性的研究

以吉林省净月潭膨润土、小梨河膨润土和刘房子膨润土为原料,对净月潭、小梨河钙基土进行提纯,用碱性钠盐为改性剂制成改性土,经X-射线衍射、差热、电镜、化学全分析等手段证实改性成功,并找出最佳活化条件。     

新疆巴里坤膨润土的红外光谱分析

对巴里坤膨润土不同颜色的典型样品进行红外光谱测试分析,结果表明:巴里坤膨润土矿Ⅱ的膨润土的强吸收波谱出现在3627 cm-1(高频区)、1040 cm-1(中频区)、531 cm-1、470 cm-1(低频区)附近;5个代表样品的红外光谱曲线轮廓基本上一致,但仍存在一定的差异,不同颜色的膨润土因其化学成分的差异,在红外光谱曲线上有所不同,在3600 cm-1(高频区)附近,1#样品对红外光谱的吸收率较强,归属于Al—O—H的伸缩振动,说明1#样品蒙脱石的含量要高些;在797.64 cm-1(中频区)附近,1#、5#样品对红外光谱的吸收率要弱些,归属于Si—O—Si的反对称伸缩振动,说明SiO2的含量较低。     

柯尔碱膨润土的性能表征与提纯

以柯尔碱膨润土为研究对象,利用XRD、FTIR和SEM等分析手段对其成分、结构和物化性质等进行了系统分析。在此基础上,采用自然沉降法和高速离心法对其进行提纯,通过测定提纯土的吸蓝量和膨胀容等性能指标及X-射线衍射分析对提纯效果进行评价。结果表明,柯尔碱膨润土蒙脱石含量约为57%、吸蓝量为0.3039 g/g、膨胀容为10.75 m L/g,属于中低品位钠基膨润土矿,所含蒙脱石晶格完全破坏的温度在800℃以上,热稳定性较好。采用2种不同提纯方法都可以达到很明显的提纯效果,但综合比较高速离心法效果更明显,可获得吸蓝量为0.4958 g/g的膨润土精矿,并且该提纯方法具有周期短、效率高的优点。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)